CPS THeory and Practical

1. Best Discoveries of the Last
Decade
Made by :
Muhammad Saim Saad
Sumaiyya Waheed
Amna Mubashir
Muhammad Raza Khan
Zahra Safdar

2. What is the meaning of Discovery?
• It refers to an act or a process of finding, or learning about
something that was not known about before.
• This finding can range from a big breakthrough in the field of
medicine to the disclosure of earth’s twin planet to the
appearance of a huge mountain submerged inside a water body .

3. Discoveries and Inventions
• A discovery involves finding a new understanding about an
aspect of nature and invention uses this understanding to
create a new way of working or functioning.
• Then these inventions such as new devices, processes, and
medicines help people around the world live longer,
healthier and live in a technologically advanced world.

4. Discoveries outside
our planet
1. Satellites
2. Possibility of human civilization
3. Black Hole
Our scope of discovery is very vast. Human
beings are also trying to discover things outside
our planet. Some of the discoveries made in the
last decade by the scientists are:

5. Satellites
● More than 700 .
● Use remote sensing instruments, such as cameras, radar,
lidar and radio receivers.
● Collect gigabytes and even terabytes of data per hour
● MIT Technology Review reports, the world can be surveyed
for abundant reasons in details as small as 10 inches
NASA’s fermi satellite using gamma rays,
the highest-energy form of light in the
cosmos, to study black holes, neutron
stars, and other extreme cosmic objects
and events.

6. James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), a
project more than three decades in
the making. Space telescopes take a
long time to plan and assemble. The
telescope will help astronomers
answer questions about the
evolution of the universe and provide
a deeper understanding about the
objects found in our very own solar
system.

7. Possibility of human civilization
Exoplanet:
● The Kepler telescope, which concluded
its epic run in 2018, powered the
exoplanet boom
● 2,662 exoplanets (per NASA) identified.
● In these exoplanets, dream of every
astronomer, finding Earth 2.0.
● Kepler-186f, the first Earth-sized
exoplanet
● Orbiting its star's "habitable " zone.
● Discovered in 2014.

8. Mars:
• NASA has also discovered planet
mars also has the possibility of
human civilization.
• Mars Perseverance Rover would
utilize MOXIE.
• It would successfully convert CO2
from Mars' atmosphere into O2.
• Due to which alludes to the
possibility of transforming the
resource-rich atmospheres of
other worlds into vital things like
breathable air, fuel, and water.

9. Black Hole:
• Represented the penultimate mystery of astronomy .
• First theory in 18th century.
• Just 1,500 light-years from Earth lies the closest -known black hole to
Earth, now called "The Unicorn".
• The point from which no light returns.
• It is sitting at the center of galaxies like a cosmic disposal unit.

10. Sources:
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/20
18/nasa-s-fermi-satellite-celebrates-10-
years-of-discoveries
https://now.northropgrumman.com/5-
mysteries-earth-observing-satellites-see-
from-space/
The discovery made in the past decade on black hole is
that in 2019, Earth took notice when scientists released the
first-ever image of a Black Hole

11. Marine
Discoveries
● Only 5% of the ocean has been
explored and charted by humans.
● The rest, especially its depths, are still
unknown.
● Exploration is underway due to
technological advancements.

12. Topography:
Instance 01 (Introduction):
● The Topography under the ocean is dangerous for the
average human to discover.
● Advancements in technology have made it so we can
chart out previously unreachable areas.
● The Ocean bed data is still being collected and
is predicted to finish in 2030.
● Exploration conditions extreme, leading to fewer
discoveries than on land or space.

13. Topography:
Instance 02(Case):
● Zealandia (A mostly submerged landmass in the southwest
Pacific Ocean)
● Distinct continent.
● Submerged nearly 1 mile (1.6km) below the surface.
● Distinct from the Australian continent.

14. Species:
Instance 01 (Introduction):
● As with most, underwater species are constantly being
found.
● Species might be similar to existing ones.
● Species can be entirely of a new race or exist as sub
species of another race.

15. Species:
Instance 02 (Case):
● New species of Comb Jelly(Long tentacles hovering,
movement like hot air balloon)
● New species of Marine Snails(Edible, different genetics and
habitat)
● New species of Tree Spider Crab(Square outer shell of
Purple and Yellow color)
● Apolemia, a new species(Probably over hundreds of years
old, hunting style of Galaxy like Spiral)

16. Historical Remnants:
Instance 01 (Introduction):
● Places or objects having historical significance have
been uncovered from beneath the ocean.
● Some of the places used to be renowned for other
purposes before housing ruins.
● Converted to historical and cultural sites.

17. Historical Remnants:
Instance 02 (Case):
● May 2021, underwater Italian village found.
● Found at bottom of Lake Resia
● Near borders of Austria and Switzerland
● Lake had been tourist destination for scenery
● Converted to Historical Ruins destination

18. Sources:
Topography-Link
Species-Link
Historical Remnants-Link

19. Biological
Breakthroughs
1. Beating Cancer
2. The Implementation of Exoskeletons
3. A Natural Way to Counter Plastic
Healthcare breakthroughs are always
revolutionary, and we discover new
solutions to painstaking problems

20. Beating Cancer
● Cancer Deaths have decreased since 2010
● The use of Precision Medicine
● Traditional Medicine vs Precision
Medicine
● Role of AI and Machine Learning.

21. Beating Cancer
● New Immunotherapy Methods
● Gene-Therapy
● Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
● Both Approved by the FDA
● Effectiveness

22. The Implementation of
Exoskeletons
● Exoskeletons were introduced in mid-20th Century
● Initially planned for enhancing human strength
● 2012: Full body exoskeletons help disabled people walk
Japanese robotics firm Cyberdyne's CEO
Yoshiyuki Sankai, pictured right, presents
the medical Robot Suit HAL as
demonstrated by a Cyberdyne employee.

23. A Natural Way
To Counter Plastic
● 2015: Stanford University researchers discovery
● Mealworms
● Insects that eat plastics
● How?
● Importance
Mealworms breaking
down a plastic box