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METRADO DE CARGAS
DEFINICION.-
Es calcular, medir el peso que pueda tener la edificación, al sumar
cada elemento columna, placa, losa, viga, etc. (carga muerta) y el
peso que pueda actuar sobre la estructura como muebles personas
etc,(carga viva ).
OBJETIVO .- Determinar el peso de una estructura para saber cuanto
peso sera transmitido al suelo.
CARGA MUERTA.- es el peso de aquel elemento que es constante y
no sufre cambios, es decir el peso de la estructura en sí. el peso de
cada elemento se halla encontrando su volumen y multiplicando
con su peso específico (determinado según reglamento)
peso específico de los elementos
Los pesos específicos se tomara de acuerdo a lo que indica el
REGLAMENTO NACIONAL DE EDIFICACIONES “RNE”
CARGA VIVA.- se trata de aquel peso que no es constante y es móvil, se
trata de personas muebles y todo aquello que se apoye sobre la losa,
pasarelas y es variable en el tiempo.
Pero no se puede determinar cuántas personas pueden caminar en
una losa o los muebles que haya en ella, por lo que el RNE E.020 ha
determinado pesos de carga viva según edificación.
AMPLIFICACIÓN DE CARGAS.- el RNE indica en la norma dar un factor
de amplificación de cargas cuando se trate de diseño, por tanto dicho
factor se aplicara en los metrados de carga. Se define de la siguiente
manera:
𝑊 = 1.4 ∗ 𝐶𝐴𝑅𝐺𝐴 𝑀𝑈𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐴 + 1.7 ∗ 𝐶𝐴𝑅𝐺𝐴 𝑉𝐼𝑉𝐴
VISTA DE LA EDIFICACION EN 3D
PROCEDIMIENTO DE METRADO DE CARGAS
El procedimiento a seguir para el metrado de cargas es el siguiente:
Metrado de carga muerta
 Se define las áreas tributarias de cada uno de los elementos verticales, es
decir, columnas.
 Se calcula, para cada columna, el peso de todos los elementos que estén
incluidos en el área tributaria que le corresponda.
Metrado de carga muerta
 De manera análoga se calcula la carga viva del área tributaria y el proceso
se lleva a cabo en los pisos típicos y en la azotea.
De esta manera se obtiene las cargas en los elementos verticales para su diseño
y el de sus cimientos y, utilizando el porcentaje de carga viva que corresponde
según la Norma de Diseño Sismorresistente E.030, se obtiene también el peso (y
por ende la masa) a utilizar en el análisis sísmico.
DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ÁREA TRIBUTARÍA
COLUMNA 04 (por c/piso)
CARGA MUERTA
LARGO (m) ANCHO (m) ALTO (m) PESO ESP. (Tn/m3) TOTAL
2.56 0.30 0.40 2.40 0.74
2.56 0.30 0.40 2.40 0.74
Peso de la viga principal
Peso de la viga secund.
AREA CAD 8.01 0.10 0.80
Peso del acabado
AREA CAD 8.01 - 0.30 2.40
Peso del aligerado
- - - - 1.00
Peso de la columna (RNE)
5.68
TOTAL
AREA 8.01 - 0.10 0.80
Peso de tabiqueria
CARGA VIVA
para la azotea la s/c sera = 0.15 Tn/m2 AREA 12.83 0.15 1.92
para cada piso la s/c sera = 0.20 Tn/m2 AREA 12.83 0.2 2.57
SUMA DE CARGAS DE TODOS LOS PISOS
de servicio ultima de servicio ultima
4rto
3ro
2do
1er
NIVEL
(piso)
CARGA MUERTA( PERMANENTE) CARGA VIVA (SOBRECARGA) CARGA TOTAL
carga
parcial de
servicio
Carga aumentada
carga
parcial de
servicio
Carga aumentada
de servicio ultima
5.68
6.48
6.48
6.48
5.68
12.16
25.12
18.64
7.95
17.02
35.16
26.09
1.20
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.20
2.80
6.01
4.41
2.04
4.77
10.21
7.49
6.88
14.96
31.12
23.04
9.99
21.79
45..38
33.58
*1.4 *1.7

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Metrados de cargas resumen

  • 1. METRADO DE CARGAS DEFINICION.- Es calcular, medir el peso que pueda tener la edificación, al sumar cada elemento columna, placa, losa, viga, etc. (carga muerta) y el peso que pueda actuar sobre la estructura como muebles personas etc,(carga viva ). OBJETIVO .- Determinar el peso de una estructura para saber cuanto peso sera transmitido al suelo. CARGA MUERTA.- es el peso de aquel elemento que es constante y no sufre cambios, es decir el peso de la estructura en sí. el peso de cada elemento se halla encontrando su volumen y multiplicando con su peso específico (determinado según reglamento)
  • 2. peso específico de los elementos Los pesos específicos se tomara de acuerdo a lo que indica el REGLAMENTO NACIONAL DE EDIFICACIONES “RNE”
  • 3. CARGA VIVA.- se trata de aquel peso que no es constante y es móvil, se trata de personas muebles y todo aquello que se apoye sobre la losa, pasarelas y es variable en el tiempo. Pero no se puede determinar cuántas personas pueden caminar en una losa o los muebles que haya en ella, por lo que el RNE E.020 ha determinado pesos de carga viva según edificación.
  • 4. AMPLIFICACIÓN DE CARGAS.- el RNE indica en la norma dar un factor de amplificación de cargas cuando se trate de diseño, por tanto dicho factor se aplicara en los metrados de carga. Se define de la siguiente manera: 𝑊 = 1.4 ∗ 𝐶𝐴𝑅𝐺𝐴 𝑀𝑈𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐴 + 1.7 ∗ 𝐶𝐴𝑅𝐺𝐴 𝑉𝐼𝑉𝐴
  • 5. VISTA DE LA EDIFICACION EN 3D
  • 6. PROCEDIMIENTO DE METRADO DE CARGAS El procedimiento a seguir para el metrado de cargas es el siguiente: Metrado de carga muerta  Se define las áreas tributarias de cada uno de los elementos verticales, es decir, columnas.  Se calcula, para cada columna, el peso de todos los elementos que estén incluidos en el área tributaria que le corresponda. Metrado de carga muerta  De manera análoga se calcula la carga viva del área tributaria y el proceso se lleva a cabo en los pisos típicos y en la azotea. De esta manera se obtiene las cargas en los elementos verticales para su diseño y el de sus cimientos y, utilizando el porcentaje de carga viva que corresponde según la Norma de Diseño Sismorresistente E.030, se obtiene también el peso (y por ende la masa) a utilizar en el análisis sísmico.
  • 8. COLUMNA 04 (por c/piso) CARGA MUERTA LARGO (m) ANCHO (m) ALTO (m) PESO ESP. (Tn/m3) TOTAL 2.56 0.30 0.40 2.40 0.74 2.56 0.30 0.40 2.40 0.74 Peso de la viga principal Peso de la viga secund. AREA CAD 8.01 0.10 0.80 Peso del acabado AREA CAD 8.01 - 0.30 2.40 Peso del aligerado - - - - 1.00 Peso de la columna (RNE) 5.68 TOTAL AREA 8.01 - 0.10 0.80 Peso de tabiqueria
  • 9. CARGA VIVA para la azotea la s/c sera = 0.15 Tn/m2 AREA 12.83 0.15 1.92 para cada piso la s/c sera = 0.20 Tn/m2 AREA 12.83 0.2 2.57 SUMA DE CARGAS DE TODOS LOS PISOS de servicio ultima de servicio ultima 4rto 3ro 2do 1er NIVEL (piso) CARGA MUERTA( PERMANENTE) CARGA VIVA (SOBRECARGA) CARGA TOTAL carga parcial de servicio Carga aumentada carga parcial de servicio Carga aumentada de servicio ultima 5.68 6.48 6.48 6.48 5.68 12.16 25.12 18.64 7.95 17.02 35.16 26.09 1.20 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.20 2.80 6.01 4.41 2.04 4.77 10.21 7.49 6.88 14.96 31.12 23.04 9.99 21.79 45..38 33.58 *1.4 *1.7