This document is a report on carbon sequestration written by Atul Kumar Patel. It discusses the objectives, processes, methods, benefits and future implications of carbon sequestration. The key objectives are to reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the air, improve soil quality, and slow ocean acidification. The main processes discussed are biological, chemical, and physical carbon capture from flue gases or the atmosphere, followed by storage in soils, oceans, vegetation or geological formations like depleted oil and gas reservoirs.

1. VIII Semester ,Chemical Engineering-2018
NAME Atul Kumar Patel
ROLL NO. CSJMA14001390194
BATCH 2K14
CARBON
SEQUSTRAION
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Objectives of CS
 Needs of CS
 Processes
 Methods
 Geological CS Processes
 Benefits of CS
 Future Implication
 References

3. Introduction
 Removing carbon from the atmosphere, flue gases
(e.g., at power stations, Industries) and depositing it
in a reservoir
 CO2 is naturally captured from the atmosphere
through biological, chemical or physical processes
 storage of carbon in oceans, soils, vegetation
(especially forests), and geologic formations
 1600-1700 Gigatonnes of carbon is stored in soil
worldwide

4. Objectives of CS
 Develop new technologies to reduce rate of
conc. of GHG in air
 Reducing air pollutants as well as improving
natural carbon content in soil
 Improvement of soil structure and restoring
degraded soil leading to increase yield in crops
 To slow the rate of accumulation of GHG in
ocean, released by burning fossil fuels

5. Needs of CS
 Air pollution is big problem for whole world
 Over the past 150 years, the amount of carbon in the
atmosphere has increased by 30%
 Increment in GHG causes allergy problems
 Global surface temperature hasrisen by0.8oC since the late
19th Century
 Responsible for global warming
 Glaciers are thawing, seas are rising
 Soil losing its fertility

6. Processes
Carbon Sequestration
Processes(CSP)
Biological CSP
e.g. Micro-algae,
Cyanobacteria
Chemical CSP
e.g. Amines,
Carbonates
Physical CSP
e.g. Fibres,
Microporous

7. Methods Carbon
Sequestration
Methods(CSM)
Natural Carbon
Sequestration
Methods
Terrestrial
Sequestration
Mineral
Sequestration
Artificial
Carbon
Sequestration
Methods
Geological
Sequestration

8. Types of Carbon Sequestration
Terrestrial Sequestration
• removal and storage of CO2 from the atmosphere by plants and soils
on the earth’s surface
• tree-planting, no-till farming, wetland restoration, and forestation
Geologic sequestration
• permanently storing CO2 in subsurface structures such as oil
reservoirs, natural gas deposits, unmineable coal
• It is done by artificial methods
Mineral sequestration
• the formation of stable carbonate salts by the reaction of CO2 with
dissolved calcium and magnesium
• It is a natural process that happens slowly and produces limestone

9. CARBON
SEQUESTRATION

10. Geological Carbon Sequestration
Consists of two steps:
 CO2 from power plants and industrial plants is separated and concentrated,
compressed and transferred through pipelines
 dense, fluid state of the CO2 (known as supercritical) is injected into
underground geologic formations
There are three methods for capturing and separating CO2 from plants:
 Before the fuel is burned (precombustion)
 After the fuel is burned (postcombustion)
 By burning the fuel in more oxygen and storing all the gases produced as a
result (oxyfuel)

11. Before the fuel is
burned, the fuel is
converted to syngas,
and then the syngas to
hydrogen and CO2.
Next, the hydrogen is
separated from the
CO2 so the hydrogen
can be used as fuel
After the fuel is
burned, the CO2 is
separated from the
nitrogen using
chemical sorbents
such as
monoethanolamine
Burning fuel
in pure
oxygen so no
nitrogen is
present in the
captured
gases

12. Reactions
involved in post,
pre and oxy
combustions

13. Benefits of CS
 Clean atmosphere
 Automatic decrement in respiration related problems
 Decrease in temperature
 Easy survival ofAquatic and Terrestrial living beings
 Improved soilstructure
 Increased nutrientholdingcapacity
 Increased nutrientuse efficiency(spend lesson fertilizers)
 Reductionin land requirement forfarming

14. Futuristic Implications
 Dead sugar plant can be use in generating bio fuels
 policies to encourage Soil sequestration by
agriculture
 policies to encourage geological sequestration by
power plants and industries
 agricultural and grassland areas can be used to
sequester carbon into soil in INDIA
 Cover crops help in reducing CO2

15. References
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_sequestration
 Ecological Society of America, 1707 H Street,
NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20006.202-833-
8773. esahq@esa.org; http://www.esa.org
 http://www.explainthatstuff.com/carbon-capture-
and-storage
 https://www.petrowiki.org/CO2 sequestration
 https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/carbon-
sequestration.php