water softening prasentation

1. Water softening
Vishal jaiswal
CSJMA14001390230
(2K14)
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Submitted to :-
Brishti Mitra
(HOD chemical engg.)

2. Content
 Introduction
 Method of Water Softening
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 References 2

3. Introduction
“Water softening is the process through which
calcium and magnesium ion are eliminated from
hard water"
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4. 3 Best Method of Water
Softeninig
• Ion exchange
• Distillation
• Reverse Osmosis
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5. Ion exchange process
Ion exchange is a
process by which
ion held on a
porous, insoluble
solid are
exchanged in the
ion solution
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6. • Reaction:-
xRSO3
-H+ +M + (RSO3
-)x Mx+ + xH+
Solids Solution solid Solution
x[RN+(CH3)3]OH- + Ax- [RN(CH3)3
+]x Ax- + XOH-
solids Solution Solid Solution
H+ + OH- H2O
• Regeneration:-
(RSO3
- )2M2+ + 2H+ 2RSO3
-H+ + M2+
Washing
[RN+(CH3)3]2A2-+2OH- 2[RN+(CH3)3]2OH-+ A2-
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7. Advantage
• This method can be used to highly acidic or
alkaline water
• Regenerable
• Removes dissolved inorganic impurities
effectively
• Relatively inexpensive initial capital investment
• It produces water of very low hardness
( say 2 ppm) so we use high pressure boilers
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8. Disadvantage
• Ion exchange resin does not remove
microorganisms like bacteria from feed water.
• Calcium sulfate fouling
• High operating cost over long- term
• If water contains turbidity then the efficiency of
process is reduced
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9. DISTILLATION
Distillers work by
heating water to
create steam . The
steam is then cooled
to collect a purified
water.
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10. Advantages
• It is an efficient method of water softening for
smaller purposes.
• Removes a broad range of contaminants.
• It can also be reused.
• It is relatively cheep.
• It help recovering the shininess of the water.
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11. Disadvantage
• Some contaminants can be carried into the
condensate.
• Requires careful maintenance to ensure
purity.
• Consumes large amount of energy.
• The distilled water does not contain minerals
and is also very tasteless.
• It has very high level of acidity.
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12. Reverse osmosis
Reverse osmosis is a
technology that is used
to remove a large
majority of
contaminants from
water by pushing the
water under pressure
through a semi-
permeable membrane.
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13. Advantage
• It is the best method of water softening.
• No ion particles are allowed to enter
through the semi-permeable membrane.
• Simple maintenance.
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14. Disadvantage
• A lot of energy is required for the entire
process.
• There is lot of pressure that is needed so
deionization can occur.
• Wastage of water more during the softening
process.
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15. Conclusion
It can be used to improve coffee taste or
protect electrical appliances and plumbing.
 You should choose a water softening system
according to your need and the level of water
hardness in you area.
 The body also needs calcium and magnesium
ion for metabolism. This makes it unhealthy
to always consume soft water.
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16. References
• https://www.purifieradvisors.com
• ^Shashi Chawla,Dhanpat rai &Co. “A Text
book of engineering chemistry”
• https://googleweblight.com
• https://www.biotechwater.com
• https://www.freedrinkingwater.com
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17. Thank you
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