2. Pre-TestPre-Test
• What is an effective helper in term ofWhat is an effective helper in term of
counseling?counseling?
• What are the characteristics of aWhat are the characteristics of a
helper should have?helper should have?
• How many stages of therapeuticHow many stages of therapeutic
helping process and What are they?helping process and What are they?
3. Helping is a board and generic term thatHelping is a board and generic term that
includes the assistance provided by a varietyincludes the assistance provided by a variety
of individuals.of individuals.
Helping can be defined as assisting clients inHelping can be defined as assisting clients in
exploring feelingexploring feeling,, gaining insightgaining insight, and, and makingmaking
positive changespositive changes in their lives.in their lives.
Helpers, might be physicians, nurses,Helpers, might be physicians, nurses,
counselors, psychotherapists, and humancounselors, psychotherapists, and human
service providers.service providers.
The goal of helping for beginning helpers are toThe goal of helping for beginning helpers are to
listen welllisten well,, promote growthpromote growth, and, and assist withassist with
transitionstransitions..
4. • EmpathyEmpathy: the quality that enables us to perceive: the quality that enables us to perceive
another experience and then to communicate thatanother experience and then to communicate that
perception back to the individual.perception back to the individual.
• GenuinenessGenuineness: the characteristic that allows us to be: the characteristic that allows us to be
freely ourselves—it is non-phoniness, non-rolefreely ourselves—it is non-phoniness, non-role
playing, non-defensivenessplaying, non-defensiveness
• RespectRespect: communicating to others our sincere belief: communicating to others our sincere belief
that they possess the inherent strength and capacitythat they possess the inherent strength and capacity
to make it in life, they have the right to choose theirto make it in life, they have the right to choose their
own choices and decisions.own choices and decisions.
Therapeutic Characteristics ofTherapeutic Characteristics of
HelperHelper
5. • Self-disclosureSelf-disclosure : the act of sharing our own: the act of sharing our own feelingsfeelings,,
attitudesattitudes, and, and experiencesexperiences with someone in to thewith someone in to the
effort to help that person. It might be meaningful andeffort to help that person. It might be meaningful and
pertinent both in content and context in order to bepertinent both in content and context in order to be
therapeutic.therapeutic.
• WarmthWarmth: we manifest warmth mainly through: we manifest warmth mainly through
nonverbal communicationnonverbal communication with the person seekingwith the person seeking
help.help. SmilingSmiling,, touchingtouching, and, and other natural responsesother natural responses toto
the humanness of the one in pain are evidence of thethe humanness of the one in pain are evidence of the
warmth in action.warmth in action.
• ImmediacyImmediacy: the best way to describe how high-: the best way to describe how high-
functioning helpers keep their clients in thefunctioning helpers keep their clients in the here andhere and
nownow. The relationship between the helper and client. The relationship between the helper and client
itself becomes a therapeutic tools.itself becomes a therapeutic tools.
6. • ConcretenessConcreteness: the act of keeping, communication: the act of keeping, communication
specific—getting to the whats, whens, and hows ofspecific—getting to the whats, whens, and hows of
present concerns.present concerns.
• ConfrontationConfrontation: used to bring people: used to bring people face-to-faceface-to-face
with reality when we perceive an obvious denial orwith reality when we perceive an obvious denial or
untruth on their part.untruth on their part.
• PotencyPotency: the quality that largely determines whether: the quality that largely determines whether
or not others come to us for help. Potent people are inor not others come to us for help. Potent people are in
command of themselves and communicate a dynamic,command of themselves and communicate a dynamic,
expressive, and involved attitude to others.expressive, and involved attitude to others.
• Self-actualizationSelf-actualization : determines how involved they: determines how involved they
are in the growth process. Self-actualizing helpersare in the growth process. Self-actualizing helpers
learn from their clients as their clients learn fromlearn from their clients as their clients learn from
them.them.
7. Therapeutic Foundation ofTherapeutic Foundation of
Three-stage ofThree-stage of
HelpingHelping
Exploration StageExploration Stage
Action StageAction StageInsight StageInsight Stage
8. Exploration StageExploration Stage
• Attending and ListeningAttending and Listening : the basic skills that: the basic skills that
helpers use throughout the entire helping process tohelpers use throughout the entire helping process to
enable clients to feel safe and to explore theirenable clients to feel safe and to explore their
thoughts and feeling.thoughts and feeling.
• RestatementsRestatements: a repeating or paraphrase of the: a repeating or paraphrase of the
content or meaning of what a client has said thatcontent or meaning of what a client has said that
typically contains fewer but similar words and usuallytypically contains fewer but similar words and usually
is more concrete and clear than the client’s statement.is more concrete and clear than the client’s statement.
• Open QuestionsOpen Questions : questions that ask clients to clarify: questions that ask clients to clarify
or explore thoughts or feelings.or explore thoughts or feelings.
• Reflection of FeelingReflection of Feeling : a repeating or rephrasing of: a repeating or rephrasing of
the client’s statement with an emphasis on the client’sthe client’s statement with an emphasis on the client’s
feeling.feeling.
9. • ChallengeChallenge: invitation to clients to become more: invitation to clients to become more
aware of themselves, their issues feelings, andaware of themselves, their issues feelings, and
behaviors.behaviors.
• InterpretationInterpretation: intervention is made by helpers that: intervention is made by helpers that
go beyond what a client has overtly stated orgo beyond what a client has overtly stated or
recognized and presents new meaning, reason, orrecognized and presents new meaning, reason, or
explanation for behaviors, thoughts, or feelings so thatexplanation for behaviors, thoughts, or feelings so that
clients can see problems in a new way.clients can see problems in a new way.
• Self-disclosureSelf-disclosure : reveal something personal about: reveal something personal about
helpers. It is used in the insight stage to facilitatehelpers. It is used in the insight stage to facilitate
client’s understanding of their thoughts, feelings,client’s understanding of their thoughts, feelings,
behaviors, and issues.behaviors, and issues.
• ImmediacyImmediacy: refers to the helper disclosing immediate: refers to the helper disclosing immediate
feelings about self in relation to the client, the client, orfeelings about self in relation to the client, the client, or
the therapeutic relationship.the therapeutic relationship.
Insight StageInsight Stage
10. Action StageAction Stage
• InformationInformation: can be defined as providing: can be defined as providing
specific data, facts, resources, answers tospecific data, facts, resources, answers to
questions, or opinions to client.questions, or opinions to client.
• Direct GuidanceDirect Guidance : can be defined as: can be defined as
helpers making suggestions, givinghelpers making suggestions, giving
directives, or providing advice for whatdirectives, or providing advice for what
they think clients should do.they think clients should do.
11. ConclusionConclusion
These are all basic concepts of allThese are all basic concepts of all
beginning helper effective. For thebeginning helper effective. For the
counselor is more professionals withcounselor is more professionals with
advanced training for many years, butadvanced training for many years, but
it also completed and receivedit also completed and received
instruction in the basic helping skills.instruction in the basic helping skills.
12. Post-TestPost-Test
• What is an effective helper in term ofWhat is an effective helper in term of
counseling?counseling?
• What are the characteristics of aWhat are the characteristics of a
helper should have?helper should have?
• How many stages of therapeuticHow many stages of therapeutic
helping process and What are they?helping process and What are they?
