Corporate Sponsorships: A History of Olympic Partnerships

Corporate Sponsorships Throughout Olympic History
Corporate Sponsorships Throughout Olympic History
The Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games were successfully staged with the support of ten Worldwide Olympic Partners (Olympics.org, 2017). The
partners provided a variety of products, services, technologies, expertise, and financial resources, creating unique contributions as well as innovative
marketing programs that promoted their Olympic sponsorships, support the athletes, and spread the Olympic values around the world, which included
(Olympics.org, 2015):
Coca–Cola leveraging their partnership to create positive change in Russian lives and accelerate business through several initiatives including the
support of the Olympic Torch Relay and launch of an Active Healthy Living Showcase;
ATOS... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Olympic marketing program also sold broadcasting rights where the Sochi 2014 Games made Olympic broadcasting history with 102,000
(television and digital) recorded hours changing the way audiences consumed major sporting events and broadcasters embraced new platforms and
technologies (Olympics.org, 2017). The Olympics licensing program helped the Sochi Games brand visible on tickets, tons of merchandise, and in
every stadium (Olympics.org, 2017). Sochi also saw a change in social interactions were many countries, cities, companies, and individuals took to
social media to express their pride, support, and opinions about the Games. The Sochi Games gained more than 2.2 million new followers across all
platforms, and a total of 7.7 million Facebook fans (Olympics.org, 2017).
Global Corporate Sponsorship Reach
According to the text, on Olympic.org (2017), the Olympic Games are one of the most effective global marketing platforms reaching billions in over
200 countries and territories. Corporate partners help provide vital technical services, product support, Games staging, and operations of every
organization within the Olympic Program (Olympic.org, 2017). Olympic sponsorships create images of brand goodwill, build awareness and
communicate messages, and afford employee reward and client entertainment opportunities (Keller, 2014). These
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Principles Of The International Olympic Committee
Within every business or organization, there must be a set of values and goals that are established to prove consistency throughout their existence.
These values and principles are there for them to follow and to lay groundwork as to how they should handle everything that encompasses their
organization. In the same way, theInternational Olympic Committee was set to provide a charter to highlight their mission and their principles. While
it has become clear that Olympism aims to promote a "joy of effort, the educational value of good example, social responsibility and respect for
universal fundamental ethical principles" (IOC, 2015, p.13), it has also become evident that they must partner with sponsors to avoid debt like in the
example of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This in return turns out to be misleading to the investors, but since General Electric is also sponsoring the Olympics this could cause one to question
the true stance on their sponsorship. By General Electric deviating from SEC rules, it's as if the International Olympic Committee were not to follow
the charter and to be going against their values of following good governance within their organization.
Considering the above contradiction, a solution would be to get more involved in the governance of General Electrics. A way to do this would be to
have the International Olympic Committees financial auditors evaluate and monitor General Electric's financial auditors and double check their work.
This would ensure that any wrong–doing on General Electric's behalf be taken care of immediately and with advice from the International Olympic
Committee on making the right decision that will go along with their values. Through this solution, the Olympics don't risk losing a highly–ranked
company as a sponsor, but can also aid in reducing irrevocable mistakes.
Furthermore, two other sponsors, Samsung and Panasonic have undergone scandals that contradict the Olympics' values. In November of 2016,
Samsung and Panasonic were under investigation for abusing labor rights. In their supply chains in Malaysia, workers seemed to be deceived
regarding pay and worked long hours with an inadequate amount of rest (Pattison, 2016). As sponsors of the

Olympic Games : The Winter Olympics
After having many decades of the beloved Olympic Games, people started think that maybe having a second type of Olympics would make the most
popular sports competition even more popular. The first Winter Olympics changed the image of the Olympic Games forever. The thrilling event of
"International Winter Sports Week" later became known as the firstWinter Olympic Games. The Ancient Grecian summer tradition was brought to the
winter for the first time in Chamonix, France on January 25, 1924. The event was a huge success and it became a tradition in the same manner as the
Summer Olympics. It was to be celebrated every four years. Having a Winter Olympics as well as a Summer Olympics gave more athletes the
opportunity to compete in the Olympic Games if their sport took place in winter weather conditions, like skiing or figure skating. The first Winter
Olympic Games was an immense event that started a tradition which came to be known as the "largest winter sports competition in the world".
Nearly 3,000 years ago in Ancient Greece is where the roots of the Olympic Games lie. Every four years in Olympia, on the western Peloponnese
peninsula, athletes would come together to compete in sporting events and honor the Greek god Zeus. The games continued in the same manner for
12 centuries until a Christian Roman emperor by the name of Emperor Theodosius I ordered for all "pagan" festivals to come to an end, which
included the Olympic Games. In 1894, a Frenchman by the name of Baron

Sustainable Tourism And Its Practices Within A Hallmark Event
TOURISM PAPER
LONDON OLYMPICS, 2012
MOHIT PARTAP SINGH
CONTENT
Summary
Overview
Introduction
Social impact
Economic impact
Environmental impact
Opinion
Conclusion
Summary:
This paper discuses about the sustainable tourism and its practices within a hallmark event. Sustainable tourism is very important because tourism is
one of the world's fastest growing industry and is major source of income of some countries. Tourism industry provide many jobs that help local
economy. Olympic movement has been concerned with sustainable tourism practices to promote sustainability. This research will touch the impacts of
London Olympics, 2012 had on economic side as well as social and how it helped local community in sustainable development?
Overview:
The London 2012 bid was based on the promise to utilize the Olympic Games to advance sports cooperation for all the events over the UK. This was
the most ambitious project in the history of all the Olympics games ever happened in terms of its degree and level of progress, as, in the way to be
implemented successfully. This event has also accomplished people's behaviour as well as social structures and relations. The Olympic movement has
been worried about advancing the educational mission of sport, globalisation, personal excellence and international understanding for about one
hundred years from when it all started.
The London Olympics set an ambitious, yet admirable goal of implementing sustainable social development. It

Olympic Games : The Winter Olympics
After many decades of holding the Olympic Games, people started to think that having a second type of Olympics would make the most beloved sports
competition even more popular. The first Winter Olympics changed the image of the Olympic Games forever. The thrilling event of "International
Winter Sports Week" later became known as the firstWinter Olympic Games. The Ancient Grecian summer tradition was brought to the winter for the
first time in Chamonix, France on January 25, 1924. The event was a huge success and it became a tradition in the same manner as the Summer
Olympics. It was to be celebrated every four years. Having a Winter Olympics as well as a Summer Olympics gave more athletes the opportunity to
compete in the Olympic Games ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He thought that a sporting competition could be a peacemaker between nations. With the help of other leaders, he formed the International Olympic
Committee (IOC). The IOC became the governing body for the modern Olympic Games. In Athens, Greece on April 6, 1896, the first modern
Olympic Games had its opening ceremony. The games had 280 people from 13 different nations participating in 43 events. All of the 280 participants
were males. Some of the events included track and field, gymnastics, swimming, wrestling, cycling, tennis, weightlifting, shooting, and fencing. This
modern revival of the Olympic Games was a very popular competition right from the beginning. The official symbol of the modern Olympics
eventually became five rings representing 5 continents, which are North and South America, Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia. As time went on,
people started to wonder if having a winter version of the beloved summer competition would be a success. (ebscohost.com) Members of the
International Olympic Committee decided to hold a separate winter games. Chamonix, France was the proud home of the first Winter Olympics.
"International Winter Sports Week" had its opening ceremonies on January 25, 1924 and its closing ceremonies on February 5, 1924, with 258
athletes from 16 countries competing over a period of 11 days in 16 events. 247 of the athletes were men and 11 were women.

Mega Event Essay
Evolution of the Modern Sporting Mega Event
The modern sporting mega–event (Olympics, World Cup, Commonwealth Games etc.) was motivated by a commitment to educational reform,
especially physical education, by the European capitalist and aristocratic elites in order to establish domestic equilibrium among the social classes, and
to be prepared physically for future wars. The International Olympic Committee and the FГ©dГ©ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
were formed in 1894 and 1904 respectively with these similar ideals. The promotion of national pride through international competition was at the
forefront of both of these organizations and were a direct cause of creating the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and the first World Cup in 1930.
As sporting mega–events have evolved over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries, it is clear that these ideals have shifted. Since the inception of
the "mega–event" the tides of globalization and the allure of capitalist gains have tainted the once pure concept of international competition and made
the events into the corrupt, profit–hounding spectacles they are today. In order to examine the landscape of the modern sporting mega–event, it is first
necessary to track the evolution of the governing bodies that control these events (IOC and FIFA) and see how they went from their humble beginnings
to their larger than life status they hold today.
The largest event in the history in the world has been and will always be

International Sailing Federation : The World Governing...
International Sailing Federation
Brandon Bowers
September 28, 2014 Introduction
The International Sailing Federation (ISAF) is the world governing body for the sport of sailing, officially recognized by the International Olympic
Committee (IOC). (Kemp, 1976) In 2007 ISAF celebrated its Centenary year which symbolized its existence of international sailing cooperation and
rules starting in europe and expanding to north america than the world. They now consist of 138 Member nations who are responsible for the
governance of the sailing world. They govern over one hundred sailing classes from 420mm dinghies to off shore racing classes up to sixty foot
monohulls. They started this from club racing before there was international competition.
History The world saw a need for common rules for sailing from the day different clubs wanted to compete against each other. While the clubs
individually had their own set of rules there was yet to have a set of standards across internationally. In the late 1800's britain formed an organization
of a combination of clubs called the Yacht Racing Association. This while bring britain under common rule didn't include spain,europe or north
america. The leader of Yacht Racing Association called upon france to join them in developing a common law for governing Sailing. This lead to a
meeting in London to put rules into place on boats and practices. This lead to the creation of the International Yacht Racing Union which at the

The Ancient And Modern Olympics
Have you ever wondered where the idea of the Olympics has started? The Ancient and Modern Olympics are a turning point in history. The
Olympics played a huge role in society, and was different yet similar both in ancient times and modern time, but had stopped for a while, made a
comeback, and has started a breakthrough in the world of sports. Events like the Olympics brings each country together all supporting each other. It
combines passion with hard work and pride to compete in the Olympics. Here is how the Olympics has evolved and made a breakthrough. First of all,
during ancient times the Olympics were different from what you see today. The first ancient Olympics dates back to 776BC. The Olympics are named
after the place they originated,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first modern Olympics was held in Athens, Greece in 1896. There were 280 competitors from 13 nations. All competitors were male. Other than in
Ancient Greece women were allowed to watch because the male competitors were clothed. There were forty–three events being competed in. The
events include track and field, gymnastics, swimming, wrestling, cycling, tennis, and weightlifting, shooting and fencing. Judges are members of
respective International Sports Federations, which are non–governmental organizations recognized by the International Olympic Committee for being in
charge of a sport on an international level. Later many sporting events were added and all people were allowed to compete. The official symbol of
the modern Games was made with a white background and with five interlocking colored rings, representing the continents of North and South
America, Asia, Africa, Europe and Australia. The Winter Olympics debuted in 1924 and included such events as figure skating, ice hockey,
bobsledding and the biathlon. In the Modern Olympics wins get either a gold medal (for 1st place), a bronze medal (for 2nd place), and a bronze
medal (for 3rd place). Athletes can get money for placing. Different countries offer different amounts of money to the athletes, and the winnings
actually vary greatly. Some countries, like the United Kingdom, don't offer money to the medalist at all. However, in the United States of America
Gold medal winners receive $25,000 before taxes. Silver medal winners receive $15,000, and bronze winners receive $10,000. For team sports like
gymnastics, the winnings are not split among members each athlete receives the winning amount. Eighty years later, when the 2004 Summer Olympics
returned to Athens for the first time in more than a century, nearly 11,000 athletes from a record 201 countries competed. In a gesture that joined both
ancient and modern Olympic traditions, the

Pros And Cons Of Baseball In The Olympics
Should Baseball be in the Olympics?
Imagine there is a baseball player in the MLB and the International Olympics Committee (IOC) just announced that baseball will be added to the
Olympics. The player is excited at first because "Who does not want to be in the Olympics?", but then he realizes the downsides. This is a very
controversial issue. Many people debate if baseball should be in the Olympics. Baseball is going to be added in the Olympics again, but is it really
worth it? The cons really outweigh the pros on this one. Baseball should not be in the Olympics because only a small amount of nations play baseball,
baseball stadiums cost a lot of money, and the Olympics are in the middle of the baseball season.
First, baseball should not be in the Olympics because only a small amount of nations play baseball. "Baseball Popularity" states that, "Only Japan,
Korea, Canada, the United States, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic actually play baseball competitively." (1). With this few teams, baseball will not
even be exciting to watch and will not last long. Also, only a few ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First off, many players will not like this because they do not make money in the Olympics. Almost all players, especially the ones with good salaries
would rather be making money for playing instead of taking time off. There are also many players that would rather just stay because they get to play
more. In international competition, there will be few games in the tournament compared to the three games every five days that they will get in the
MLB. The athletes will also have to stay at the Olympics for a month when competition may only last for five to seven days. This shortage in time
played compared to time spent in the host country will drive many players away from playing. In conclusion, athletes will hate not making money and
lacking time played and will resent playing at the

The Olympics 's Impact On The Olympic Arena
Ever since its inception in 1896, the Modern Olympics has hosted an invisible sport: politics. The Olympics calls for "a halt to all conflicts ... [and
to] strive towards a more peaceful world," but politics soon spoiled its biennial message. "As the Olympics continue to dissolve into ... a political
competition ... they no longer ... justify the time and trouble," Dave Anderson, Pulitzer Prize winner for his sports column, wrote in the New York
Times in 1984. The Olympic spirit has routinely been used as an outlet for political agendas. With political and Olympic ambitions intersected, the great
international sports festivity negatively affects all nations involved. World leaders frequently use the Olympic arena as a stage for international... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Boycotting has been used throughout history as an instrument for foreign policy. "For any Olympics to be a true Olympics, all the world's nations
should be represented," said Anderson. "Not ... those ... on one side or the other of political barbed wire." As a result of boycott, the essence of the
games–competition–diminished. At the 1980 Olympics where the United States decided to stay home, the Soviet Union swept 195 medals–the largest
won in history–followed by the United States in 1984 with 174 medals, when, by no surprise, the Soviets decided to miss. Ironically, the spirit of the
Olympics turned cold alongside the Cold War. "[The domination as a result of boycott] diminished any accomplishments in working hard," said Al
Oerter, a four–time Olympic gold–medal winner. TheOlympic Games quickly turned into a game for politicians, not the athletes. James Montague, the
2009 Best New Writer, wrote in CNN that Carter's idea of a "good, non–military way of protesting the invasion" was not effective, with the Soviet
occupation of Afghanistan lasting another eight years. The 1976 boycott was not effective either; the South African apartheid regime survived another
eighteen years. Boycotting did more damage at home than it did away: it proved horrible for the Olympic movement and for athletes like Don Paige,
a renowned track runner, who was left to watch the race he knew he could win. The Olympics also experiences political terrorism, which

The Olympic Games : Athletes
The Olympic Games are a sporting event in which athletes from all over the world come to one city to compete in various sports. The Olympics take
place every two years with the Summer Games and the Winter Games alternating. Up until about twenty years ago, the Olympics were permitted to
amateur athletes, or athletes that compete in a sport without collecting revenue from their activity, only. TheInternational Olympic Committee, a
committee that organizes and relegates the modern Olympic Games, changed the eligibility requirements of competitors in 1986. They permitted
professional athletes to compete in the Olympics because many "amateur" athletes that were competing had been financially supported by their
governments to train full–time. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amatuer competitors depend on private sponsorship, liker family members and rich supporters, to finance their training and daily living costs (Olson).
In addition, an amateur is someone that competes and has always competed in sports as an avocation without any material benefit ("Eligibility Rules of
the International Olympic Committee"). Before the move that enabled professionals to compete in the Olympic Games, there were many specific rules
and regulations regarding the eligibility requirements of athletes. For instance, one did not meet the qualifications if they accept or had accepted any
compensation for participating in sports ("Eligibility Rules of the International Olympic Committee"). In addition, an athlete that developed into a
professional in a sport or that expressed their intentions of becoming a professional was not allowed to compete ("Eligibility Rules of the International
Olympic Committee"). The one strict regulation that constantly governed the Olympic Games was that amateur athletes were allowed to compete, and
professionals were not (Green). However, in 1971, the International Olympic Committee eradicated the requirements of amateurism, which authorized
competitors to earn sponsorship from national associations, sports organizations, and independent businesses for the first chance (Olson). What made it
such a simple decision was the skepticism that competitors from particular countries were in fact

Professional Athletes Should Be Allowed At The Olympic Games
With the multi–billions of dollars that the Olympics earn and spend, it's certainly is in the best interest of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to
remain under the circumstances of keeping sport open to professional athletes, not only financially, but as well as the majority of their viewers. In this
position statement, I will use historic International Olympic Committee guidelines (1964) and official IOC reports as a basis for proving that
professional athletes should be allowed to participate in the Olympic Games.
To successfully understand what differentiates a professional athlete from an amateur athlete, and the issues that arise from it, we must understand how
the International Olympic Committee defines a professional and amateur athlete. According to the "Eligibility Rules of the International Olympic
Committee" published in 1964,
a person was only eligible to participate in the Olympic games if they were an advocate for sport, without material gain of any kind. He does not qualify:
a) If he has not a basic occupation designed to insure his insure his present and future livelihood;
b) If he receives or has received remuneration for participation in sport ;
c) If he does not comply with the Rules of the International Federation concerned, and the official interpretations of this Rule number 26 '. (Eligibility
Rules of the International Olympic Committee,1964. p. 5)
If the Olympics were restricted to only amateur athletes, the "my country is better

2016 Boston Olympics A Chance
Yiwei Wang
Nancye Araneo
ESL 155
23, Feb, 2015
Give Boston Olympics a Chance "Give 2024 Boston Olympics a chance!" people invoked on social network, after Mayor Marty Walsh announced
2024 Boston Olympic bid. Due to hundred years of development, Olympic spirits influenced and inspired generation after generation. Now, the
Olympics is not only a athletic match, but also a stage for the host to show up. Hosting the Olympics in Boston would provide a wonderful opportunity
to build a valuable legacy not only for Boston, but also for the Olympic movement. The 2024 Boston Olympic Games should be held to enhance life
quality of the residents in greater Boston region. Holding the Olympic games is a good chance to boost the public transportation ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
(28) The 2024 Boston Olympic games will bring intense development of underutilized areas in Boston and the utilization of open space will be
enhanced. Due to Boston is a port city and there are 6 international airports in greater Boston region, The 2024 Boston Olympic games council can
save more money for building large transport facilities and use the investment to improve the public transportation.That is a good news for the
residents who live in greater Boston region because the daily traffic will be more efficient and convenient. The infrastructure of the Olympic games
will be a legacy. The legacy of hosting the Olympic games is most visibly identified by the improved physical character of Greater Boston. Boston
2024 Olympics bid concept shows: Greater Boston region will take an exponential jump forward with a new Midtown multifunctional neighborhood
in the core of the city, a new student village at Boston's public university, a renewed public golf course at Franklin Park and Somerville will get a
opportunity to transform into the 'cycling capital of America.' (33) Boston 2024 committee also announced that Boston will also build more than 28
venues or renewed in a 10–kilometer radius of Boston urban area, and two major clusters for residences and stadiums will be established by the
Government of Boston.(29) As Grillo said in Boston Business journal, 3,000 to 4,000 new affordable workforce units of in midtown can solve Boston's
housing

Ambush Marketing: Los Angeles Olympics
Ambush marketing as an idea first became exposed at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. Those Games, which created an excess of US$250 million,
were considered a staggering achievement. They were the first to be financed completely secretly. With the end goal this should happen, the
coordinators of the Games and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) themselves had actualized a rebuilding of their sponsorship stage in the
mid 1980s. Before the 1984 Games, any number of supporters had been permitted to attach themselves to the Olympics on an "official" premise. This
approach reached a crucial stage at the 1976 Montreal Olympics when there were 628 "official" patrons. As a paper by Chadwick's department at
Coventry University ('Ambush marketing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regularly the competitions are profound established and the promoting wars durable. One such supported crusade was the war pursued by American
Express all through the late 1980s and 1990s to battle Visa's status as select Olympic promoting accomplice.
As per Michael Payne, who battled a maintained receptive and proactive war against the ambushers in his part as advertising chief at the International
Olympic Committee from 1988 to 2002, "Amex never recuperated from losing the Olympic rights to Visa after the 1984 Los AngelesOlympic Games.
American Express may do nicely in most places," Payne says in his illuminating book 'Olympic Turnaround', "but not at the Olympics (Emmett, 2010)."
Without a doubt, American Express' ambushing exercises in the late eighties specifically acquired the rage of the IOC and guaranteed that the
organization fell foul of one of the unforgiving 'name and disgrace' battles that portrayed hostile to ambushing activity in the

Mcdonaldization of Olympic's Case
RosarioMGMT110 Assessment 3 McDonaldization of Olympic's case I'm going to analyse this case because I want to understand how this process of
McDonaldization is affecting the Olympic games in his traditions and who's deciding what happens on the competitions in considerations of
scheduling times and events broadcasting. Why is it so important for NBC to put the events in prime time for the United States ? And how can the
will of "one big company" decide over many others entities that are involved in the Olympics ? But first a brief description of what McDonaldization
is: "Process of rationalization, albiet taken to extreme levels. Rationalization is a sociological term that simply means the substitution of... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main issue that we find in the managing choice of the IOC is the hegemony of power enforced by the main investors. "Some people may rile
against the commercialization or Americanization of the Olympics but figures show that the dollars from the US is critical for the sustenance of
the Olympic movement. Besides TV, the IOC's another major stream of income is private partnership."( D.Jones 2012) On the NBC side, it was a
very smart move that took place a while ago during the cold war, when USA used the Olympics to prove the supremacy over the USSR. It's not
only about broadcasting the games in their own country, but also getting the visibility globally as the main protagonists of the global event. All this
income from the US for the committee is vital to keep the games happening, the big problem now days is that the structure of the Olympics is
entirely based on big companies paying "the bills" for the massive costs that have to be covered to organize, manage and built facilities and events
for the games. So from a IOC's managing perspective the choice of keeping happy major investors makes sense and it wouldn't be so criticized if it
was a little less against the Olympic spirit. Athletes being forced to race at early morning hours by McDonald's, Coca–Cola's etc ads is not really what
the spirit of the event should be. But to make everything happen, someone has to pay for everything that we see during races, competition, games and
ceremonies. The

Avery Brundage: The University Archives
Avery Brundage was a University of Illinois Engineering alumnus who became the 5th president of the International Olympic Committee, serving as
such between 1952 and 1972. He was a fierce defender of amateur sports and a critic of the commercialization of the Olympic Games. The University
Archives holds a large collection from his professional career, including papers, correspondence, photographs, and films. This collection includes
numerous boxes about Latin American and Caribbean regional games, such as Pan American Games, Bolivarian Games, and Central American Games,
for instance. It also contains several boxes of material about National Olympic committees (NOCs), with all Latin American and Caribbean nations well
represented. This collection

Example Of Ambush Marketing
What is the definition of the term "Ambush marketing"? In his book "Ambush marketing in sports" Gerd stated that the verb " to ambush" is identified
as to attack. Thus the sponsors consider ambush marketing as acts and illegal thefts. Moreover, according to Meenaghan, in his opinion this act is a
practice of a competitor that interferes with the attention of the audience near a specific event and distracts the people's attention from the sponsor. 1,
2 Being a type of guerrilla marketing, Linda Norcross in her article in Street & Smith's SportsBusiness Journam, identified ambush marketing as the
marketing campaign that takes place during the organization of a big event while trying to escape from paying any costs in terms of sponsoring that
specific event. Linda also added that this act of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Managing sponsorship deals with athletes, teams or organizations who are involved in the event. 3 Examples of these types: In 1984, Kodak
decided to sponsor a TV broadcast despite that the official sponsor of the 1984 games was Fuji. Moreover, in 1992, Nike sponsored a news
conference starring Michael Jordan who hid his Reebok uniform logo. In 1996, Puma who provided him with contact lenses having the big Puma
logo on them despite that Reebok was the official sponsor sponsored Linford Christies the British runner. And in 2010, MasterCard utilized vehicles
for food catering in traffic areas in order to provide coffee to the spectators yet VISA was the official sponsor of the event. 3 Marketing professionals
believe that ambush marketing is considered the definite effective and the most creative mean of advertising at all times. Yet, some people claim that it
affects and "threatens to erode the fundamental revenue base of mega sporting events."

Social Movements Against Bidding For Sports Mega Events
Social Movements against Bidding for Sport Mega–events: A Case Study of the 2024 Summer Olympics
Introduction
Governments currently show great interest in sport mega–events investment since that they may have the opportunity to stimulate economic
development, create international image and prestige, generate a 'feel–good' factor among citizens and inspire grassroots participation (Grix and
Carmichael, 2012). Moreover, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) states that their critical mission is 'to promote a positive legacy from the
Olympic Games to the host countries' (International Olympic Committee, 2007, p.15), although legacy is hard to define or measure and could be both
positive and negative in practice (Agha, et al. 2012). In particular, emerging states like China, South Africa and Brazil have managed to bid for the
Olympics or the World Cup. The use of hosting sport mega–events to enhance their soft power and achieve equal positions in global affairs has been
highlighted in recent years (Grix and Lee, 2013).
However, the effect of sport mega–events has been challenged, questioning whether to host these events or not (Lauermann, 2015). As Chalip points
out, host countries may fail to make preparations for the staging of sport mega–events and encounter the risk of soft disempowerment. Meanwhile,
anti–Olympics social campaigns have arisen in many advanced capitalist countries. Consequently, they have had a considerable influence on the bids
for sport mega–events

The Role Ben Johnson Played In The Investigation Into...
Case 8.28 explains the role Ben Johnson played in the investigation into drugs in sports. Johnson was a well–known Canadian runner. He won gold in
the 1988 Olympics breaking both world and Olympic records. Winning the gold medal at the Seoul Olympic Games gave Canadians a reason to
celebrate and led to widespread celebrations across the country. Winning gold for one's country bring pride to the country and Canada took full
advantage. It is believed that the Prime Minister even used the victory to call a federal election. After the Olympics were over, the world found out
that Johnson's body contained an illegal substance. Johnson was stripped of his gold medal from the Olympic committee and what Canada had been
rejoicing was now... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Factual issues of the case include the use of steroids and the pressure from Canada for Johnson to win the race at the Olympics. The pressure from
the peoples' expectations of him dominating in his performance was another factual issue in this case. Lastly, the investigation that led to the
discovery of an international substance abuse problem. To answer some of the moral or ethical decisions a few things must be determined. What is
considered cheating? How can a substance abuse problem be determined? Also, did Canada have a right to go after athletes in their quest to seek
the truth about substance abuse in the country? On the bases on deontology, Johnson is aware of the substances banned by the Olympic committee.
He knew it was possible that he would be tested prior to the games. Substance is considered a wrongdoing by the Olympic committee. This is why
they have issued a ban on certain substance and why if a person is caught in violating the rules they will be stripped of their medal. The Canadian
government was acting in a way to protect the country. The country also knew the use of a banned substance went against the rules and as a result the
country investigated sports across the nation. From a teleological perspective Johnson may have felt it was for the good of the country to do what he
could to perform well. Winning a gold medal for Canada

Economic Benefits Of Olympic Games
On September 1st, 2006, the International Olympic Committee accepted the bid from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to host the 2016 Summer Olympic Games.
The nation's government proudly declared the news to the world, and began to prepare their nation to host one of the oldest and most prestigious
sporting events in the world. Now that the dust has settled, many are beginning to question whether the hosting of the 2016 Olympic games was a
blessing or a curse. The Olympic games are one of the oldest and most prestigious sporting events in the world. The modern Olympic games officially
started in 1896, located in Athens, Greece (History 2010). Hosting the Olympics has become its own sort of competition with multiple cities and nations
trying to prove to the International Olympics Committee that their city is the next best destination. While it may seem to be an honor that most
citizens would want their nation to accept, many groups are arguing that hosting the Olympics brings on a burden of costs that outweigh the benefits.
Throughout this paper I will be analyzing economic data from Rio de Janeiro. This data will be used to show the public expenditure used for hosting
the games include transportation infrastructure, sports stadiums, et cetera. This data will be compared with more recent data on the utility and
profitability of the permanent facilities first constructed for the game. The data will be compiled from government expenditure data proposed by the
public budget required

Factors that Shaped the Modern Olympic Movement
DBQ Essay
Some factors that shaped the modern Olympic movement from 1892 to 2002 were the increased participation of women in the games due to women's
suffrage, the rising nationalism and superiority over competitors that took place, and the increase in trade and funding.
The modern Olympic movement was shaped through the soaring advocation of women's rights (2, 8). An anonymous photographer (#2), in the 1908
Olympic games held in Great Britain where only 2 percent of women participated in the games, presents a photograph of Sybil Newall, a female
British competitor at the games, and advocates women participating in the games. This photographer might have this view because he or she is a
feminist that took place in the women suffrage movement and is baffled that solely two percent of athletes were women, and is urging the Olympics to
make a great change. Hassiva Boulmerka (#8), an Algerian competitor that engaged in the 1992 games held in Spain where 29 percent of the athletes
were women, believes that every woman has the ability of becoming an athlete, and must strengthen their mind and conscious, not just their body, to
overcome these social challenges. Boulmerka, as a woman participant, may have this belief because she has underwent these obstacles as well, and
wishes to motivate women in Spain to have the will and determination to overcome them and become a female athlete like herself. A good additional
document that would better our understanding of how this social

The International Olympic Committee ( Ioc )
George Grigsby
Historical Foundation
March 12, 2016
Rio 2016 In September 7, 2007 the International Olympic committee (IOC) when over the application for the host city for the 2016 summer games.
Amount those cities was Rio scoring a high of 6.3 on the rating. Rio is rich in activities, religion, culture but Rio face many problems, some of those
problems are crime rate is high, pollution and poverty that excite in that area. Looking back on the history of Brazil will show that it is a country that is
tropical but it was discovered by Portugal during the 16th century and mostly controlled by European nations and from the 16th century on there were
exchange of rulers "The Portuguese military officers that were based in Brazil at this time sided with the constitutionalist movement in their homeland.
General Jorge Avilez, who led the Portuguese military, forced Dom Pedro to dismiss and banish the ministers of Kingdom and Finance. These men had
both been loyal to Dom Pedro and the prince was left feeling helpless and humiliated as he was manipulated by Avilez. From that moment, Pedro swore
never to give in to military manipulation again. In September 1821, the provincial governments of Brazil were put in political subordination to
Portugal, which left Pedro nothing more than the Governor of Rio de Janeiro, which was just a province. Pedro was also ordered to go back to Europe
and any courts that his father had created in 1808 were done away with. The Brazilian inhabitants

The Importance Of Softball In The Olympics
"The inclusion of the package of new sports will afford young athletes the chance of a lifetime to realize their dreams of competing in the Olympic
Games – the world's greatest sporting stage – and inspire them to achieve their best, both in sport and in life (Elliott)." Softball should be back in the
Olympics because it makes money and and benefits players by increasing interests.
Softball should be in the Olympics because it is one of the most popular female sports in the world. "The hopes and dreams of millions of softball
athletes across the globe have been answered" (Softball and baseball added to the Olympics in 2020). There are over 245,000 softball teams,
comprising more than 3.5 million players. There are about 100 National Championships a year. "Softball and baseball is global reach, loyal fan–base
and positioning across many of the biggest sport markets including Japan and many more" (Softball back in the Olympics). There are more people
than ever that watch softball and baseball it's starting to become world wide thing. "This is the sixth year that we will be running the world cup of
Oklahoma City" "It is an international event. This year we will have 6 teams" (Elliott) There are more and more teams from other countries that are
joining and there is going to be more and more games for softball.
Softball should be in the Olympics because it promotes softball. For softball and baseball to be added to the Tokyo 2020Olympic Games Program is a
dream come true

The Olympic Games Of The United States Essay
In 1896, the Olympic Games were officially reborn into the modern era thanks to a Frenchman named Baron Pierre de Coubertin (Lewis, 1992). In
1904, the Games of the III Olympiad arrived in the United States, marking itself as the first Olympics to be held in said country as well as the first
hosted outside of Europe. Often forgotten, this specific Olympics also signifies the beginning of the horrible luck Chicago, Illinois, has had regarding
the hosting rights. With four losses under its belt and a history of bad news, Chicago is frequently told–to no one's surprise–that it should simply give
up on its dream and focus on improving itself. However, who's to say that the Jewel of the Midwest can't do both? By incorporating a
well–thought–out narrative of what the city has gone through into their appeal process, Chicago could very well win the bid next time
around–whenever that might be. The city boasts an efficiently compact setting; a history and love of sports that entices amiable relations between
residents; and an enthralling tale to tell. Overall, Chicago can use its need for a strong community to reach the top of the podium in the rigorous battle
for host city status. A point often overlooked, the city technically won the hosting rights once.
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) awarded the city the right to host the third Olympics in 1904. Be that as it may, those games did not take
place in Chicago as planned. Instead, Saint Louis, Missouri, captured the rights

Japan 's Olympic Games Against Rio De Janeiro
Japan 's Olympic Win
Beads of sweat dripped down Tsunekazu Takeda 's forehead as he eagerly awaited the fate of his beloved city Tokyo. He glanced around nervously
to his fellow committee members as they had their eyes deadlocked on the 70 year old president of the International Olympic Committee Jacques
Rogge. The defeat in the previous biddings 4 years ago still lingered in everyone 's mind as a nervous chill ran down his back as he watched as
Rogge was handed the envelop. All was silent in the room all expect for the words "The International committee has the honor of announcing the
32nd Olympia games in 2020 are awarded to the city of Tokyo." A sigh of relive follow by a huge cheer or excitement filled the room as the
Tsunekazu and his fellow Japanese committee members bounced out of their seats applauding and waving their flag. They had failed to win the 2016
Olympic Games against Rio de Janeiro in 2009 but have redeemed themselves here in 2013 winning the 2020 Olympics. The minds of the Japanese
Olympic committee were unanimous; they had done it, on September 7th 2013, after 50 years the summer Olympics have been brought back to japan
once again. But the celebration was only temporary, like a sugar high that wouldn't last; hosting the Olympic Games is not an easy task. Years of
planning and preparation, venues, ceremonies, along with cost vs expenses budget control, public opinion, and fluctuating the economy are only the tip
of the iceberg of their worries. Tokyo is

Essay about Politics and the Modern Olympics
At first thought, it may be difficult to understand any possible connection between sports and politics. The New International Webster's Dictionary of
the English Language defines politics as 'the science of government', and sports as 'a particular game or physical activity pursued for diversion'. On the
surface the two concepts have very little in common, yet their connection can be traced to antiquity and the first organized sporting events. The first
Olympic games took place in Greece in the ninth century, b.c.e. to worship the gods, win personal glory, and, most importantly, unite the Greek
city–states. At that time, Greece was made up of many small, isolated communities which, as they flourished, sought to dominate the others. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(16).
Hitler employed artists to create beautiful posters and magazine spreads to advertise and promote the Games. When they included athletes in their
artwork, the artists portrayed them as representatives of the Nazi myth of the "Aryan" race –– blue eyed blondes with strong, chiseled features. In this
way, Hitler wanted to draw a link between Nazi Germany and Ancient Greece. (16).
Adolph Hitler opened the Eleventh Olympiad on August 1, 1936. His arrival was announced by a fanfare directed by the famous composer Richard
Strauss to the mostly German spectators. Establishing a new Olympic tradition, a lone runner carried a flame which traveled by relays of runners from
the site of the original ancient Games in Olympia, Greece (16)
"...Sport is prostituted when sport loses its independent and democratic character and becomes a political institution...Nazi Germany is endeavoring to
use the Eleventh Olympiad to serve the necessities and interests of the Nazi regime rather than the Olympic ideals."
Committee on Fair Play In Sports, New York, November 15, 1935 (16) Adolph Hitler wanted the 1936 Berlin Olympics to be a large scale national
spectacle. So that the rest of the world could see the glory of Nazi Germany, he hired film producer Leni

Essay On The Munich Massacre
The Munich massacre occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, where members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken
hostage and eventually murdered by Black September, a Palestinian terrorist organisation. By the end of the agonising ordeal, 11 Israeli athletes and
coaches had been killed, and one German police officer. Consequently, the "Operation Wrath of God" was carried out in order to assassinate the
individuals involved in the massacre, in which five of the eight members of the terrorist group were killed. The remaining three members were
captured, and later released by West Germany after the hijacking by Black September of a Lufthansa airliner. The aftermath of the terrorist attack
consisted of several short and long term impacts, including the effects on the Olympic Games, the world's view on security and the victims' families.
For the first time in the history of modern Olympics, the games were suspended in the wake of the terrorist attack. The Munich massacre had a
significant impact on the Olympic Games. After the murder of the 11 members of the Israeli team, a memorial service was held in the Olympic
Stadium, in which there was an attendance of 80,000 spectators and 3000 athletes. Following the massacre, there was great argumentation on whether
the games should continue or not. It was also believed that the cancellation of the games would have encouraged repeated acts of terrorism. Players
feared they were at risk, while people also believed

Political Influences Of The Olympic Games
Olympics games date back to 776 B.C. Which games were devoted to the Olympian Gods and were held in Olympia Greece. In ancient time only the
noble class people and men were allowed to participate in the games. And the athletes only participated in few games. Today's Olympic Games are the
inspiration of these ancient games. Many changes have taken place in past decade. In ancient period only people from Greece participated in the event,
but in the modern Olympic Games people including both men and women from around the world participate in event. Olympics games are one of the
leading international sport events which are organized every four years. Thousand of athletes from around the world represent their country and
participate in different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These events can also enable the host country attract investment in the country as well as provide job opportunities to millions of people. Along with
the pros side of the Olympic Games, history is evident that these events have gone through many controversies regarding the political influences.
These games are seen to be highly influenced by the political aspect of the organizing committee as well as the political influence of the hosting
country in the games and events. From the beginning of Modern Olympics we have evidenced that host county generally keep their best interest in
hand and promote their political ideologies through Olympics Games. There were allegation to some hosting countries like Nazi Germany that they
used the game to show Aryan superiority back when it organized Olympics Games. During the World Wars the Olympic Games had to be halted and
even after these wars there were very limited participation due to Cold Wars. There was also terrorist attack during the Olympic Games back in 1972 at
Berlin. At many times the athletes participating in the games has also shown political influence through their actions and languages used during the

Olympic Games Has Brought A Great Deal Of Economic,...
Introduction
It has been witnessed that Olympic games has brought a great deal of economic, social, cultural, environmental and political changes to the host
country. From the perspective of economics, Olympic games can overall positively contribute the host country in its economic growth, urban
expandation, employment opportunities, households' welfare improvement, etc. For example, Korea and Japan have comparatively experienced
dramatic GDP growth after Olympics in Seoul in 1988 and Tokyo in 1964 with rates of 16.8% and 15.8%, respectively. In addition, developed
countries like Spain that host Olympic games in Barcelona in 1992 gained much domestic consumption with 11.1% growth rate, even thought the
average employment growth in Spain kept flat, which is mostly due to the economic recession in Europe at that time that has significantly offset the
economic benefits from Barcelona having Olympic games (Vegara, 1992). In theory, the net changes (positive changes minus negative changes) from
new economics activities in related to an event is defined as "Economic Impact" (Foster, Greyser & Walsh, 2006). In 2001, China was renowned for
holding 2008 Olympic games in Beijing. This event has economically brought a considerable of positive impacts in vary aspects such as domestic
demand improvement, employment rise, and so forth. However, 2008 Olympic games in Beijing also contains negative economic impact, such as the
expenses on bidding for hosting Olympic games (Shipway &

Salt Lake City Olympic Winter Game Analysis
In 2002 the Winter Olympics were held in Salt Lake City, Utah. With this being the first winter games held in the United States in over twenty years,
they wanted to make it the best winter games that the world has seen. With winning the bid over Sion, Г–stersund and Quebec City on June 16, 1995,
this gave them seven years to plan the greatest winter Olympic games that has ever been played. Although during this bidding process there was some
"funny" business going on with the Salt Lake City bid team and the International Olympic Committee members. This ended up with ten members of the
International Olympic Committee resigning and also the Salt Lake City bid leaders Tom Welch and Dave Johnson. This went down in history as one
of the most controversial in the light of the scandal (IOC, 2012).
To guarantee a legacy from the Salt Lake City 2002 Olympic Winter Games, the Utah Sports Commission was set up to create both open recreational
and elite game in the state. Since, Utah has facilitated more than 50 World Cups occasions or real games titles. An expansion in games support from
youngsters was likewise noted, with games, for example, bobsleigh, skeleton, snowboarding and freestyle and mogul skiing all seeing an upsurge in
interest (IOC, 2012, p. 11).
The Salt Lake 2002 Olympic Winter Games presented a cohesive image built on meaningful and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both cities still to the day get tourist come just to see the venues that held the Games. At the end of the 2010 Games Lord Coe, a British politician and
former track and field athlete, noted the Games had "gradually recovered from its tumultuous start" and said that he "never thought the British would
find rivals in their preoccupation with the weather which is almost elevated to an Olympic event" as he credited Vancouver Olympic Committee for
meeting unforeseen challenges such as the unseasonably warm weather of Cypress

International Olympic Committee
Every four years, there will be an international sports event held. Under this topic, we are not talking about the FIFA World Cup, which hold in the next
month, but the Olympics Games. Most of the Olympics Games can hold successfully, the credit of an international organization is indispensable. This
international organization is International Olympic Committee (IOC).
The IOC is an international non–governmental and non–profit organization, which constituted itself on 23 June 1894. They also have an unlimited
duration in the form of an association. The organization recognized by the Swiss Federal Council according with an agreement signed on 1 November,
2000. Besides providing a platform for the athletes to battle or competition, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Radio and Television CommissionConduct the promotion of the Olympic Games to the worldwide.
The Sport and Environment CommissionAdvise the IOC Executive Board on the issue of environmental protection and support for sustainable
development while or after the Olympic Games.
NameFunction
The Sport and Law CommissionProvide a juridical platform for the Olympic Games.
The Sport for All CommissionAims to grow the interest of public on doing health and physical activity.
The TV Rights and New Media CommissionPrepare and implement the overall structure for future broadcast rights negotiations.
The Women and Sport CommissionAdvise the IOC Executive Board on the policy of promoting women in sport.
From the above list of those twenty–two commissions, we can know that the IOC is not only arranging the Olympic Games, but also educate the sports
event to different sectors, like students and women. Moreover, a good planning on the advertising and broadcast rights can help the host city to avoid
losses from holding the Olympic Games.
For businesses, the use of the trademark of the Olympic Games within the period can be effectively promoted to sales or corporate image, and it can
make the brand reaching billions of people in over two hundred countries and city throughout the world. So that the IOC released a programme named
"The Olympic Partner Programme" (TOP Programme). Its revenue generated by commercial partnerships can accounts for more than 40%

How Great Of An Honor Is It At Host An Event Such As The...
How great of an honor is it to host an event such as the Olympics? According to Stefan Szymanski, "the hosting of major sporting events has become
the subject of intense competition among nations. Governments will make large financial commitments in order to win the bidding competition." The
regression of big time sporting events have changed immensely, from firstly being about showing who the best athlete was, to now a way of nations
being able to bring fame and possible fortunes to their doors for just hosting such huge events. 2000–2015 has been a time span where the conversation
about the Olympics, it's events, and it's policies have changed.
The Olympic games originated in ancient Greece, about 3,000 years ago (8th century B.C. to 4th century A.D.) (A+E Networks, 2015). The games
took place in Olympia located in the western Peloponnese peninsula. At first the Olympic games were used as a religious festival in honor of the ruler
of gods, Zeus. After many years the Olympic games were re–introduced in the 19th century, which was done to bring countries back together as one
and participate in this world wide competition of olympians. The games as a whole have changed the way of how people see the athletes. In the
beginning of it all, the athletes competed for their religious believes, now the race to be the best is at its highest, with the 28 sports to participate in.
According to the author, the number of professional has increased by approximately 10,500 professional

The Olympic Games : A Unique Sporting Event
The Olympic games is a unique sporting event in which the host cities need to build venues, housing, stadiums, as well pay for millions of
employees to run the event. As seen in Exhibit 1, the Summer Olympics is only second to the super bowl when considering the most expensive
athletic events. Each year as well, the cost has been increasing to the point in which recent games, the cost of everything together has reached
millions and even billions of dollars. Depending on the city these games either leave the city drowning in debt or give their economy a boost and
help bring money and visitors into the area. In 2012, London was given the chance to host the Olympics for their second time. The event brought
millions of people from all over the world in to the county, leading to the average visitor spending GBP 1,290 totaling up to about GBP 4.5 million
just from the overseas visitors (Fact Sheet London 2012, 2012). Although there is obvious incentive to wanting the Olympics in particular city, it is
also very expensive to host. Even in light of the recent recession, London budgeted GBP 3 billion for the even and eventually spent nearly $14 billion
by the end (Farmer, 2013). They began building for the event in 2008, just after the worst of the global financial crisis. This brought issues of a money
crunch when attempting to make the worlds finest facilities for cities hosting in the up coming years, it raises questions about how to fund that amount
of money, and what are the

The Munich Massacre : A Survivor 's Story
International sporting events continually face political terrorism, bringing fear to those who gathered for entertainment. According to articles
published in the Guardian, Time Magazine, and CNN, the most detrimental disruption by politics in the Olympics occurred at the 1972 Germany
Summer Games. On 5 September 1972, the Palestinian group Black September broke into the Israeli athletes' quarters armed with guns. The 21
hour standoff, more famously known as the Munich massacre, resulted in 17 deaths. The Games were suspended for the first time in modern
Olympic history, but the Olympic Committee decided to continue days after. The Olympic Committee 's decision was met with harsh criticism
from the public (Burnton; Cosgrove; "The Munich Massacre: A Survivor 's Story"). During the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia attracted
terrorists who caused more social devastation. With the intention of inflicting fear and damaging Russia's image, jihadists frequently issued terrorist
threats before and during the Games. CNN presented a statement that two Al Qaeda linked suicide bombers made in an online video, "We 've
prepared a present for you and all tourists who 'll come over; if you will hold the Olympics, you 'll get a present from us for the Muslim blood that 's
been spilled" (Shoichet). The video foreshadowed a suicide bombing 400 miles away from Sochi that targeted a train station and a trolley bus, which
killed more than 30 people (Smith–Spark). Similar to Russia, China

Advantages Of Olympic Games
1) In the Commonwealth games, only commonwealth countries are eligible to participate (countries that have been/were colonised by the British).The
duration of the commonwealth games is around 10 days and it is televised only in the commonwealth of nations. In the Olympic games all countries
are eligible to participate and the duration of the games is around 18 days. The olympic games is televised around the world.
Mbalula wants the olympic games rather than the commonwealth games because, the olympic games is one of the most significant international
sporting events and provides for a bigger opportunity for the host country to display themselves to the world. As for t he Commonwealth Games, it
does not include America or China as well as a few other countries.
2) The election for host city takes places 7 years before the games, but the bidding process starts 9 years before the games and is continued for about 2
years.
The National Olympic Committee of the country puts forward their chosen city as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is great honour involved in hosting the Olympic Games, it shows the world that your city is exceptional and worthy of a visit from people from
all over the world. The advantages of hosting the Olympic Games is that it attracts tourism, which intern means more inflow of foreign currencies. In
addition the games can act as a massive advertisement for South Africa displaying them as places in which to invest, raising the global profile of the
country. Furthermore, South Africa could bring about jobs for the unemployed. There are many issues in South Africa that are not given enough
attention to (e.g. corruption, poverty), the Olympic Games could bring about awareness to those issues. The facilities that are build for the Olympic
Games can be used for years to come, improving the transportation systems.
The Olympic Games can boost patriotism and bring about unity in South

The Ethics Of The Olympic Charter
The Olympic Charter reads: "Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced whole, the qualities of body, will and mind"
("Olympic movement medical," 2009). The execution of this moral statement can be exalted through the provided medical services and personnel that
deliver such services during the Olympic Games. The Medical Commission, as an ordinance from the International Olympic Committee (IOC), aims to
provide legislature to protect the health and well–being of each Olympic athlete ("The Medical Commission", 2014). Its mission began in 1967, and
since its inception, the intentions of the medical commission were to protect the health of all athletes ("The Medical Commission", 2014). 47 years
later, the medical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Purpose of Medical Services
There are numerous things that go into preparing for and executing a mega–event, as grand as the Olympic Games. Every individual who helps
orchestrate the events prior to, during and before the Olympic Games, has an important role. Upon the release of the call for approximately 5,000
medical volunteers for the upcoming Olympic Games in Rio de Jainero, great emphasis was placed on the demand for health care personnel ("Calling
all doctors!," 2014). They made the following remark that stated: "without the athletes, the Games cannot happen, but without the [medical] volunteers,
it is the same ("Calling all doctors!," 2014)." The medical personnel have a significant contribution, for they have task of taking care of athletes,
spectators and staff during the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. Medical staffing has always been a priority, as seen, most recently, in the London 2012
Games.
The London Games demonstrate the work the medical personnel commit to performing, and its importance to the continuation of the Games. They
worked constantly from the start of the Games to its end (Collier, 2012). Consider these statistics from the London Olympic Games: there were 10,568
athletes present on behalf of 204 competing nations (Collier, 2012). Preliminary estimations from the medical director for the Canadian Olympic
Committee,

The Sorry State of Filipino Athletes at the Olympics
THE SORRY STATE OF FILIPINO ATHLETES AT THE OLYMPICS
"Look! Even, what's that–Uzbekistan?! What's Uzbekistan?! Even this Uzbekistan has at least one medal," my 10–year–old cousin shouts as she buries
her head into her hands upon seeing the day's Olympic medal count. For this year's Olympic Games in London, the Philippines sent out eleven athletes
to compete in eight sports, making it the smallest Philippine delegation at the Summer Games since 1936. Out of those eleven, only two made it past
their events' preliminary rounds: boxer Mark Barriga and BMX cyclist Daniel Caluag. Neither of them advanced any further. For the fourth straight
Olympiad, the Philippines failed to get a medal of any sort.
It's a sorry sight; and it seems as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The United States also have their own form of NSAs, but are called national sports federations. The USOC's main focus are the athletes themselves and
entering them into these competitions, while the individual sports federations are in charge of these athlete's training of the regulation of their own
sporting community. These organizations' roles are defined and clear, much unlike in the Philippines.
There also exists a second problem, this time, within the NSAs themselves. In an article by Gerry Carpio, he talks about how divisions within the
NSAs are causing major setbacks. In the Philippines, NSAs can have two presidents: one to be recognized by the Philippine Olympic Committee and
the other to be recognized by international committees. Carpio even goes on to state that "these two chiefs and their followers are mortal enemies." In
the article he describes an instance where feuding within an NSA ended in disaster. A conflict between the two figures of authority forced a divide
between the athletes, and eventually started a "war" in the NSA. The constant struggle limited the athletes' opportunities and stalled preparations for
competitions. By the time the conflict had been resolved, it was already too late: there wasn't enough time to train these athletes properly. In the end,
they weren't

The Winter Olympics: The Rise Of The Modern Olympic Games
The start of the original Olympic Games was created to honor the Greek god Zeus, which resulted in a temporary halt of wars and a celebration of
victors. The Games were a form of escapism from political and wartime unrest for a greater cause. The Winter Olympics were no exception. However,
the escapism intent of the Games was gradually replaced with political undertones, attempting to prove government superiority that still have precedent
within the Modern Olympics of today. Dan Snow of BBC discusses the Winter Olympics in detail of how the Games have transitioned into political
shows of power over the other countries on a world stage. This was evident in 1954 when the USSR entered the Winter Olympic Games with the intent
to prove their superiority of their government by sending in the best, highly motivated, and elite professional athletes to compete in the Games. (BBC,
2017) Tensions rose during the height of the Cold War with the USSR's occupation of Afghanistan. This resulted in theUnited States boycott of the
1978 Summer Olympics. However, the Winter Games were held two years later, in 1980, in which the USSR attended in Lake Placid, New York. This
served as high motivation for the United States to triumph over the USSR, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Olympics are highly driven by politics and war, which has even resulted in boycotts and bans as political statements in retaliation. Complacency
with normative behaviors and laws that invalidates the core foundation of the Olympic spirit have been a driving force in the Modern Olympics. This
transition from escapism and passion for competition has turned into a stage for political showdowns and means for governments to "prove" superiority
with metal counts and promote its own political agendas over the egalitarianism and fervent spirit of the Olympic

How the Olympics Have Been Hijacked by Nationalism and...
Would you agree that the Olympics are less about sports and more about nationalism and commercialism?
When the Olympic Games were founded in 776 BC their main aim was to promote peace and athletic excellence but over the past few years the spirit
of Olympics has been hijacked by nationalism and commercialism.
Olympic Games have been a victim of political conflicts since its inception but during the 19th Century these games suffered the most. The Munich
games held in 1936 were boycotted by many countries including Ireland and Spain as many believed that Adolf Hitler sought to exploit the games for
propaganda purposes. Nationalism also affected the spirit of Olympic Games during the World Wars where the conflicting blocks refused to summon on
the Olympic platform to exhibit their skills and talents in the field of sports. After the World War II many countries including theUnited States
boycotted the Moscow games (1980) held in Russia and the loosing countries were not even invited to this event. There were the boycott years 1976,
1980 and 1984 when entire nations including United States and Russia stayed away because rivals either were present there or were hosting.Therefore
the Olympic Games failed a number of times to promote peace between countries through sports. Rivalries between conflicting countries have often
delayed the Olympic Games and have raised questions regarding the true purpose of these games. Commercialism has

Corporate Sponsorships: A History of Olympic Partnerships

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