An Extreme Sense Of Nationalism In The United States

An Extreme Sense Of Nationalism In The United States
Being born into a country creates a sense of connection between person and land. Most often people
tend to feel this as pride in their country and that's defined as being patriotic but what if patriotism
goes further? This extreme sense of patriotism exists and is known as nationalism. Nationalism is
known to cloud the thoughts of many people, including high ranked country officials. Such clouded
judgements occurs, that many argue it covers the thoughts of nationalist country officials so often
that it can even create war. Is it true that War has a hunger for nationalism? Although many people
argue that nationalism cannot be the cause of international conflicts, nationalism can and is the
cause of many international conflicts because nationalism causes sense of pride and greed that, if
broken, could have prevented the start of wars, nationalism also builds up to resentment of other
countries that allows war to seem like the only answer and although other factors may set the idea of
a conflict, nationalism fuels it further into complete war. Nationalism is defined as "an extreme
patriotic feeling marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries" but in terms of how
nationalism makes someone act, that can be answered in two simple words: Greedy and prideful. ...
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If Mexico's pride hadn't allowed them to warn the U.S of war if annexation occurred, then the
annexation of Texas wouldn't have seemed greedy. If Mexico could have swallowed their pride and
accept defeat with Texas, then they wouldn't have warned the U.S. If they allowed anyone to take
over Texas then Polk would've just taken over Texas and that's that. But unfortunately for the U.S,
Mexico was prideful and in doubt when they acted upon emotions, which led the greed of the U.S
come out. So yes, greed from the president came out but it came out when the pride of Mexico drew
a line for the U.S to
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Limitations Of Cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism does have its limits in achieving its aims. It is necessary that one tracks the
historical roots of cosmopolitanism to understand what visions it sets out to propose for IR. In
Hellenic era, cosmopolitanism finds its meaning when Alexandrian intermarriage took place
(Russel, 1945: 220), introducing the concept of 'mankind as a whole'. Similar notion came into
being in Stoicism in which people, apart from their own local identity, are united under a world
citizenship (Nussbaum, 2010: 156). Kant, in the eighteenth century, furthered expounded on
cosmopolitanism by suggesting a rule of cosmopolitan law and universal liberties (Held, 2010: 3).
Drawing on those historical developments, this essay takes cosmopolitanism as an ideal that posits
that people are citizens of the world and are subject to a common normative standard. (Dunne, 2013:
348). By extension, it suggests that 'obligations and allegiances are to the universal category of
humankind' (Dunne, 2013: 348). There are limits to such a cosmopolitan ethical vision for IR. One
can find limits in the vision's effectiveness and practicability of realising its proposals. As for
effectiveness, cosmopolitan values (1) are extremely difficult to define and (2) fall short of being
legally binding on international actors. These combine to undermine its assertion on the global
stage. As for practicability, (1) there is moral debate as to who decides what cosmopolitanism ideals
are; (2) it spells conflicts when it

To what extent is Nationalism inherently aggressive and...
To what extent is Nationalism inherently aggressive and expansionist? Intro: It is difficult to define
Nationalism as either inherently destructive or expansionist. It depends on the type of Nationalism
and the circumstances in which is arises and how people use or abuse it as an ideology. Heywood
defines four main breeds of Nationalism; Liberal Nationalism, Conservative Nationalism,
Expansionist Nationalism, Anti and post colonial Nationalism. One of the types of nationalism
which is more likely to be inherently destructive and expansionist is Expansionist Nationalism, as its
name suggests, is essentially destructive and expansionist. It advocates a form of national
chauvinism where patriotism and national pride reaches a higher level. ... Show more content on
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I believe that modern expansionist and destructive imperialism is a logical consequence of the rise
of nationalism and that the liberation of conquered peoples was its unavoidable consequence. In
some regions, Europeans exerted complete political authority, in other areas, spheres of influence
were established, and leaving the existing governments as puppets, occasionally only economic
influence was exerted. Imperialism in Africa created colonies designed to serve the needs of the
colonial powers. Colonial boundaries often exacerbated long–standing ethnic rivalries. The
consequences of expansionist nationalism were destructive and also predictable. Competition
between the expanding modern empires, rooted in expansionist nationalism, led to inter–state wars,
starting overseas in the peripheral territories where these states sought to expand their rule, and it
ended, during the 20th century, in gigantic inter–state wars at the centre. World Wars I and II
brought the defeat of Germany and Italy in comparison with France, England, America and Russia,
but all of Europe suffered from war devastation. In this period, the true off–springs of nationalism
who elevated this school to its highest position and gave it its severest form were

World War I: The Effects Of Nationalism
The Effects of Nationalism
Nationalism is the bond between common languages, customs, cultures, and history, and is the
driving force behind love and devotion for one's country. From 1914 to 1918 World War I (WWI)
destroyed the lives of people in many countries. Countries fought for their alliances and to improve
their own country. During as well as after the war, many countries were unhappy. Nationalism
transformed Russia, China, and India between the years 1900 to 1939. Of all the countries,
nationalism transformed Russia the most. To begin, nationalism transformed Russia. First, many
people in Russia participated in the March Revolution in hopes of leaving WWI. They felt that war
was ruining their whole economy by causing bread and fuel ... Show more content on
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To start off, many Chinese participated in the May Fourth Movement of 1919 to demonstrate the
anger over the loss of the land that they were promised at the end of WWI. Through this they
worked together to show that they wanted a strong, modern nation and eventually turned against the
Nationalist Party in favor of the Communist Party. This eventually led to the formation of the
Chinese Communist Party in 1921 who, under great change, wanted peasants to be the
revolutionaries and change from the Nationalists ideas of Western democracy. Next, during Jiang
Jieshi's rule, the Nationalists were fearful of the Communists goal of a socialist government. The
Nationalists and the Chinese Communists were in a civil war for four years fighting for their beliefs.
The Nationalists were close to defeating the Communists, and for once in many years, China was
close to having a government that supported nationalism and modernization that greatly differed
from their preceding government. Lastly, although in a civil war, the Nationalists and the
Communists joined forces under a truce to defeat Japan, who had invaded China, in order gain back
their territory. The two groups put aside their differences and in 1938 fought together in order to
gain back China's original territory and change back to its original size. Nationalism did not only
transform China but it also transformed

Ideology Was More Important Than Culture and Religion for...
Ideology was more important than culture and religion for the growth of nationalist movements in
the period before WWII. How far do you agree? Colonial rule had brought about many significant
impacts in South East Asian countries which included many dissatisfactions among the natives.
Thus, this brought about the rise of nationalist movements. There are many reasons to why there
was a development of these movements and the two main reasons for this cause was ideology as
well as religion and culture. The spread of ideology such as Marxism and communism and the
preservation of culture and religion were one of the main factors as to why nationalist movements
were widespread in the period before WWII. The growth of nationalism refers to how ... Show more
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These movements were not able to adapt or change its methods to cater to the needs of the locals
and causing their support to decrease in the long–run. This shows that there was limited growth of
nationalism in the movements based on religion and culture. For instance, SI was led by two
factions, one by Agus Salim and the other by the radical political party led by the ISDV. In 1918,
when the Dutch sensed the radicalization in the SI, many supporters withdrew their support from the
party. This caused the SI to ban joined membership in SI and other communist organisations which
was based on ideology. This shows that movements that are based on religion did not grow and
failed to become more radicalized which was essential for the growth of nationalism especially
where colonial rule was suppressive. Thus, from here it shows that religion does not play a
significant role in the growth of nationalist movements as compared to ideology. Ideology on the
other hand was more broad and more all–encompassed than religion and culture. This helped garner
more support in the long–run and also led to the growth of national movement despite suppression
from colonial powers. These movements are also able to manipulate situations of hardships to their
advantage such as the Great Depression and its detrimental effects of the locals. Movements based
on ideologies are more flexible and are able to maneuver its methods to suit the needs of their
people and also deter suppression

Jingoism Research Paper
Jingoism is a term which many people are not familiar with. Extreme chauvinism or nationalism
marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy is the definition of Jingoism (Merriam–
webster.com). Chauvinism is extremely close to jingoism when it comes to their definitions; the
main difference between the two words is that Jingoism is used to describe violent acts of patriotism
or nationalism. Violent acts of patriotism have become for widespread in recent years; for example,
ever since the events of 9/11 the United States has been waging a war on terror. There seems to be
no end to radical Islamist groups based in the Middle East who hope to destroy the United States,
from more recent groups such as ISIS, to older enemies such as al–Qaeda, ... Show more content on
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One solution to jingoism is to spread awareness of jingoism; furthermore, if the general population
knew the meaning of the word, it would be more recognizable. In America, once larger amounts of
people learn when to spot jingoism, slowly over time jingoism would stop completely due to the
fear of voter backlash. The people will see and understand what the government is trying to achieve,
and the people will check when the government becomes too warlike or when they use excessive
force, such as the threat India made towards Amazon. While constituents may not be able to stop
what the government is doing, they can make sure that come next election year that member of the
government will not be elected again. No professional or scientist has developed a solution for
jingoism to date; furthermore, jingoism is not a large enough problem in the world today to focus
time on

Nationalism And Imperialism
Nationalism and Imperialism are two important yet distinct ideologies that have shaped the
geopolitical world. Both have led to the annexation of lands and the formation of national borders.
Nationalism and Imperialism can be viewed as two ends of a spectrum of patriotism, with
nationalism on the weak end and imperialism on the strong end. In terms of global significance,
imperialism, as a force of domination, subjugation, and exploitation, is more important than
nationalism.
Nationalism can be understood as pride in one's country. It is a spirit in which members of a country
can be seen to care about their national identity. For example, many Americans exude national pride
on the Fourth of July, the day of their country's emancipation ... Show more content on
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Like the westward continental expansion of manifest destiny during the 1820s–1840s, the expansion
of the United States into the Pacific in 1898 was widely regarded as inevitable and altruistic. For this
reason, territorial expansion can be seen as a symptom of nationalism. In modern times, nationalism
has provided justification for foreign military involvement. For example, following the terrorist
attacks of September 11, 2001, many Americans were in favor of "humanitarian" intervention in the
Middle East and approved of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan that began in 2003.
Imperialism is nationalism taken to the extreme. Imperialism is a form of nationalism that includes
the belief that one's own countryand culture is superior to all other countries and cultures.
Imperialism leads to the formation of empires through conquest and brutality. There are many
examples throughout history of violent subjugation and exploitation of conquered peoples, carried
out in the name of imperialism. For most of the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain was the world's great
imperial power. The Spanish colonized lands and conquered people throughout North and South
America. The Spanish conquistadors were interested in generating as much wealth as possible for
the Spanish Crown, and agricultural production was the most important source of revenue. To work
the land, the

The Indonesian National Awakening
Kebangkitan Nasional Indonesia, or the "Indonesian National Awakening" began in the early
Twentieth Century. The success of Indonesia's budding nationalism belongs to the ability to use
existing the institutions, urbanization and transportation around Java and Sumatra, and the
"otherness" of colonization. Initially groups such as Sarekat Islam were founded to fulfill
community needs, but shortly morphed into a way for the "natives" of the Dutch East Indies to unite
and organize. Later, students at STOVIA (School for the Training of Indonesian Doctors) began to
form political and philosophical organizations such as Boedi Oetomo, which advocated for
independence of the East Indies. Leo Suryadinata, as well as countless other Indonesian scholars,
asserted that these were essential for the formation of Nationalism in modern Indonesia. Such
groups emphasized a united Indonesia, rather than focusing on the numerous ethnicities that belong
to the archipelago. This sense of budding nationalism was encouraged during Japanese occupation.
Thus, following the end of the World War II and the return of the East Indies to the Dutch, Indonesia
began a violent, five–year long war for independence. The hardships of war echoed the shared sense
of identity and community amongst Indonesians and continues to be a crucial component of
Indonesian nationalism today. Although the history of early Indonesian nationalism is generally
agreed upon, there are varying approaches following the nations

China's Global Political Crisis
As China starts to become an growing superpower on the world stage, it now face itself in
challenging situations in the global political stage. China's economy and power grows in a rapid
rate, the nation faces itself in serious political tensions that can affect its standing in the region and
its standing in the world stage. The nation continues to expand its foreign influences around the
world through its growing military and economic power, the world watches and waits for the
Chinese government's next big move.
This next move begun in the form of China's build up in contested islands around the South China
Sea and its growing tensions with Japan over the contested island in the East China Sea. China's
maritime disputes, between the nations of Japan, Brunei, Taiwan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and
Vietnam, is the new political hotspot that is becoming an important topic in the global political
stage, with even the United States getting involved. These six countries lay overlapping claims to
the East and South China Sea, because the area is rich in hydrocarbons and natural gas and also
because the area is important as a commercial shipping route. China seeks to use the islands to
expand its maritime presence and has been growing its assertiveness from regional claimants like
Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The increasingly frequent standoffs range from, the
Diaoyo/Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea against Japan, and the long stretch of archipelagos in
the South

Stereotypes Of Nationalism And Racism
Introduction Nationalism is, according to AP World History textbook The Earth and Its Peoples, "a
political ideology that stresses people's membership in a nation" (Bulliet). This term, often
connected to patriotism and unity, is also seen as a synonym for racism and bigotry (Stevens).
Though nationalism has had a positive effect on many nations – some would even claim it to be the
most influential idea in unification during the 1800s – it has also been detrimental to world cultures
(Bulliet). Though nationalism may not be the same as racism, there is a fine line between innocent
passion for one's country and ethnic superiority (Ezzat). Extreme nationalism is shown in acts
against foreign cultures such as genocide, assimilation, media hate ... Show more content on
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Instead of trying to stop nationalism itself, the solution should be to stop some of its effects. One
way to counteract extreme nationalism is to support acts that bring awareness to and try to end
genocide; there are organizations that fight for genocide awareness, such as the United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum ("Jewish Population of Europe in 1945"). Some countries already put
in place measures to protect minorities, such as the countries who ban holocaust denial. There is no
way to stop hate, but people can be aware of their own nationalism, and how it can be detrimental.
Nationalism has its benefits but it also has its damaging aspects, like genocide, racism, assimilation
and hate speech. Because of these negative effects, nationalism is a driving force in dehumanization
of world

China's Next Big Move
As China becomes a rising superpower on the geopolitical stage, it now faces itself in challenging
situations that can undermine its foreign policies. To say the least, even if China's economy and
power is growing in a rapid rate, the nation now faces itself in a series of political tensions that can
affect its standing in the region and in the world. Though as China continues to expand its foreign
influences around the globe through its growing military and economic power, the world is current
watching and waiting for the Chinese government's next big move.
This next move begun in the form of China's build up in contested islands around the South China
Sea and its growing tensions with Japan over the contested island in the East China Sea. China's
maritime disputes, between the nations of Japan, Brunei, Taiwan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and
Vietnam, is the new political hotspot that is becoming an important topic in the global political
stage, with even the United States getting involved. These six countries lay overlapping claims to
the East and South China Sea, because the area is rich in hydrocarbons and natural gas and also
because the area is important as a commercial shipping route. China seeks to use the islands to
expand its maritime presence and has been growing its assertiveness from regional claimants like
Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The increasingly frequent standoffs range from, the
Diaoyo/Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea against Japan, and the

Consciousness Among African Americans Women Essay
Consciousness Among African Americans Women
Samantha Venturina
Middlesex County College
Abstract
Race and ethnicity play a crucial role in one's life. Communities worldwide were developed around
diverse racial and ethnic identities whom proffer internal sources of resilience to others in the
community. However, these aspects can consist of adverse social consequences that influence an
individual's chances of receiving quality medical care, getting a job offer or loan, and/or being
falsely accused by authoritative figures. In addition to these hostile effects, one would ponder if it
has a detrimental effect a person's own self–esteem. Recall the racial, class, and social inequality in
the United States of America in the 1960s (Eaton, Livingston, & McAdoo, 2008). Those who were
considered minorities, such as the Chinese, Japanese, Indian, and various other races, dealt with the
earliest form of discrimination back in the days. For an elongated time, African Americans were
especially susceptible to the harsh and cruel discrimination in America as described in history
classes.
Given the prolonged exposure to such negativity, numerous social scientists were puzzled on
whether the psychological health of African Americans was possible. While there were several
studies that found race–related attitudes to be positively related to healthier psychological outcomes
in African Americans; there were only an insufficient amount of reports that endeavored to assess
what factors precede

20th Century Imperialism
In the 19th through 20th century, in order to build up already existing nations, new territories had to
be acquired, often overseas. This policy of "extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition
or by establishing economic and political hegemony over other nations" is referred to as
imperialism. Countries are dominated by the political, economic, or cultural life of another. With its
first appearance in the middle of the 19th century, modern imperialism began with Europe, the
United States, and Japan exerting their control over other people and places as a means of gaining
the upper hand in trade and resources. As major corporations aligned with the government, new
methods of imperialism emerged, using trade, investment and business. Physical force and the
sending of colonists to new lands were no longer the ways to get what was wanted from some
situation, rather, manipulative means were put into use. Nations with empires around the world had
considerable power, but little influence on the lives of the peoples they conquered, but that soon
changed. Encouraged by the military and economic strength gained from the Industrial Revolution,
Europe set out with on a path of aggressive expansion with strong motives and an urge for
development, manifesting imperialism throughout Africa and Asia during the 19th and 20th
centuries.
As nations continued to expand, there was a race for control of resources, and labor for those
resources. At the time, there was no inland

Nationalism And Its Impact On National Identity
Nationalism can be defined in two dimensions. First, the feeling of having a sense of national
identity. This "national identity" is often confronted with a dilemma as to how to draw the
boundaries of what creates a nation. This pre–requisite often comes in the form of either similarities
in origin, ethnicity, culture and willingness to partake in the membership of a "nation". This is
contrasted with the concept of "states" as states such as the Native American Iroqouis, whom
although are a "nation" have no presiding political autonomy over themselves.
Second, nationalism is defined as active conscious decisions made by members of a "nation" when
aiming to maintain their national sovereignty and independence. The key focus in this definition is
sovereignty, and its prerequisites (needing absolute control over internal and external decisions,
otherwise known as full statehood or quasi–statehood) is sufficient. Hence, geographic dominance
over a nation's territorial parameters has been seen as a necessary feature to achieving "full
statehood", which inevitably results in nationalistic prerequisites being fulfilled for sovereignty &
nationalism. This is contrasted with the first definition of nationalism, based on the notion of culture
and values versus geography. History has itself shown many examples of socially cohesive nations
as well as socially conflicting nations. This leads to the formation of the debate as to whether
nationalism is a source of social cohesion or of

The Right Influence
Film is a powerful medium to communicate through. Film can also be easily exploited. In the
beginning, the first inventors were not interested in film being a largely entertainment and cultural
phenomena but as a scientific breakthrough. Due to the introduction of film in the nineteenth
century, nationalism recently has been intensified by the increasing globalization of international
film and consequently resulting in totalitarian cinema which later directly reflects international
cultures and societies film.
During the Enlightenment era in eighteenth century Europe, experimentation in optics and physics
led to the developments of technological and mechanical concepts which the foundation of 19th
century motion visuals were derived from. Because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As film was introduced to China in the 1920s, China wanted to "transform film into an indigenous
art form in the hope of finding a sense of cultural security" (Hu 35). China constantly was being
bombarded with foreign intervention and China wanted to cling to their traditional values and ideas.
Further analysis in the various Chinese styles of nationalism demonstrates how political parties
affected filmmaking in the 1930s. The Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang Part, also
called the Nationalist Party, initiated the Left Wing Film Movement and the Nationalist Film
Movement presented two competing discourses of nationalism. The CCP rendered the class struggle
with its advocacy of nationalism through films while the KMT endorsed the idea of national survival
by advocating Confucian values to maintain Chinese tradition. In both situations, each party claimed
"that they represented the interests of the entire nation through filmmaking" (Hu 26). With these two
parties competing, film was only allowed limited

How Did Nationalism Cause Ww2
People would do anything in order to ensure that their country would be the greatest in the world.
They do this because of nationalism, a very extreme form of belief and loyalty towards ones
country. This lead to many people believing their country was perfect; unequaled in economic,
military, and political power. Nationalism was very popular in the late 18th and 19th centuries;
countries were promoting nationalism in order to keep their citizens loyal. It played an important
role in generating conflict and revolutions during the World Wars and the Interwar years. WW1's
direct cause was the assassination of Archduke Franz–Ferdinand, an event that was caused
specifically because of nationalism, but many other events that were also rooted by ... Show more
Germany lost more than 13% of its land due to the limitations set by the treaty of Versailles, and the
people were outraged. It was soon said by Adolf Hitler, "the restoration of the frontiers of 1914
could be achieved only by blood"; showing that he knew that he must wage war if he wanted to
regain the lost land (Hitler, Mein Kampf). Once he came to power, Hitler was able to rally the
people using the idea of Lebensraum, or living space for the German people. The people were
excited for Hitler because they truly believed he would be the one to restore their losses. People
soon began to follow him more willingly, joining his Nazi party and increasing it substantially. He
then invaded Poland, the first step in his plan to conquer all of Germany's former lands. Japan
waged war against China for the same reason. More land was needed for the growing population,
and the resources in Manchuria were needed as well. Japan staged the Mukden incident to legitimize
their reason for invasion, and this depicts the effect that nationalism had on Japan's leader. They
went as far as to stage an explosion on their own train tracks to give them a reason for invading
another country. These two ideas, the Mukden incident and Lebensraum, show that nationalism led
to the leaders of Japan and Germany to go to the extreme in order to make their country a better
place for themselves and for the people living

Patrick Henry And Malcom X Speech Analysis
Patrick Henry and Malcom X faced different issues in different time frames however, the core
concept to their arguments in Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death and The Ballot or the Bullet were
similar. Patrick Henry felt that the United States needed to take a stand against the British Empire
through force, rather than a political standpoint. Change was not going to happen if the Colonists did
not take arms against their adversary, slavery by the British would continue and the Colonists would
forever be dependent on the British. Similarly, Malcom X felt that the Afro–American people would
continuously be oppressed by the white man if they continued their peaceful acts of persuasion.
Protests and sit–ins were not sufficient and Malcom X, like Patrick ... Show more content on
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For example, they differ in the language that they present and the diction that they use. Both X and
Henry use powerful diction throughout their speeches however, X's diction is meant to be more
emotion provoking. Henry does attempt to provoke thought as well as emotion from the delegates,
the difference is that the delegates have a job that mandates them to look at things objectively. On
the other side of the coin, X uses diction that is focused towards a large black audience. The choice
of words do not have to be as carefully selected as Henry's, he has already won over the crowd on
past events and is using this speech to further influence them, which is not the case in Henry's
speech. X continually uses words like "Afro–American", "Uncle Sam", "cracker", "Uncle–Tom–
handkerchief–heads", in order to relate to the audience. The words that X uses have purpose to
them; these words are important to the audience because each word has a meaning to it. When X
talks about "Afro–Americans" the black community feel that they have been labeled in a good way
and are different. During this speech, X uses the name "Uncle Sam" three times when referring to
the government and the white man that runs it. Using "Uncle Sam" lets the black community know
that this is their enemy and the one that continuously oppresses them. Ultimately, each one of these
profound speakers use diction to persuade the crowd in their own way

Analysis Of Michael Billig 's Theory On Banal Nationalism...
The Hmong are known to have tightly knitted communities that are created through ties of kinship
in a clan based society. This sense of kinship is essential as a catalyst for the Hmong in developing
and producing a strong sense of nationalism despite the fact that they do not have a recognized
political state or homeland. This is especially important as the Hmong population has been dispersed
to all parts of the world following their involvement in a multitude of geopolitical struggles. Despite
having a scattered global population, the Hmong are continuously finding ways to remain distinct
and as a unified people, especially here in the United States. The Hmong create and reproduce a
sense of nationalism despite facing cultural decline and having relatively separated communities
built around different urban centers across the United States. Additionally, this research will discuss
how the sense of nationalism can be a way for the Hmong to move forward despite facing cultural
decline. In this research, these elements will be explained and explored through Michael Billig's
theory on banal nationalism (Billig, 1995). Nationalism is most often seen as a sudden spark of
patriotism or strong feelings of loyalty and appreciation to a nation state after some sort of triggering
event. Some of the most recognizable moments in United States history that have sparked
widespread nationalism in its citizens include the Sandy Hook shooting, the bombing of the World
Trade center, and the

Similarities Between Patriotism And Nationalism
The terminology patriotism and nationalism are two similar terms; both referring to the love towards
one country, however, patriotism is a subtopic under the concept of nationalism, because nationalism
is not solely the love of a country or the hate of all other country, suggesting there are different
forms of nationalism. Patriotism and nationalism are often mistaken as synonyms. Patriotism is the
unconditional love towards a country. It is individual connection between an individual and a
country. It could be caused by many factors of nationalism. Nationalism is the connection
individuals felt between one another regarding one or more notion of the many aspects of
nationalism – geographical, social, cultural, political, religious, and economically related.
Connections link directly to collective identity, and it can be formed by religious beliefs, for
instance, Indonesia is a Muslim country, and majority of Indonesians are Muslims, this connects
people in Indonesia religiously to one another, in other words, citizens forms a collective cultural
identity, where everyone valued the same belief, leaving no one in isolation. Cultures and traditions
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hitler rises in power in the 1930s – he became the chancellor of Germany and the leader of Nazis
Party. Hitler led the Nazis Party and started a Second World War. By the end of the war, the German
Nazis was responsible for the slaughtering of six million innocent Jews, later known as Holocaust.
Jews was a minority living on the Germany soil, they were assimilated, but eventually became
consequences under extreme actions taken by the Nazis to illustrate their patriotism towards
Germany. During World War Two, Japan slaughtered millions and millions of Chinese citizens with
the interest of colonizing more land – specifically from China, as they have shown interest of during
the Paris Peace

Era 8: The Rise Of Nationalism In World War I
Nationalism in Big Era 8 helped unite the people of a "common culture" into one political body;
moreover, nationalism enforced the idea of cultural superiority and created violence throughout this
period nationalism was a primary catalyst in WWI, the interwar revolutions, and in the rise of
German fascism. Nationalism helped lead to the assassination of Arch Duke Franz–Ferdinand,
which was the initial stimulant for WWI. Additionally, nationalism lead to many countries,
including India, to create reforms and unite under a common identity. Finally, nationalism sparked
WWII because it caused the rise of fascism and restored national pride to the Germans and
Japanese, which lead to the breakout of WWII. Nationalism was a powerful force that reshaped ...
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While the Nazi regime rose to power, they employed ultra–nationalist techniques in order to inspire
the German people to band together and rise above the depression and gain their support. Hitler and
the Nazis rose to power by "opposing democracy, individualism, and equality with ideas of national
or racial superiority" (Goff 238). Additionally, Hitler created an Anschluss, which united German
and Austrian people under a common government because they shared a common language. This
trend continued throughout the war from Germany, and they tried to unite people under one empire,
while the government discarded the "inferiors" from their realm. Nationalism in WWII was
similarly prevalent in Japan, where the Japanese were fueled by ultra–nationalism to invade other
countries and exert domination over neighboring areas. The Japanese felt a desire to expand their
territory and the Japanese people supported their aggressive tactics to increase their political and
economic growth. In Japan, the "ultranationalists saw their nation and people as superior to other
Asians" and this ideaology caused the people to believe "it was their mission to rule Asia" (Goff
241). This idea inspired the Japanese military to expand into China and dominate the Chinese, which
created destruction and genocide. Nationalism in WWII was more destructive than ever seen before,
because it drove people to oppress and exterminate entire cultures and religious

Working Toward Whiteness : Working Towards Whiteness
Working Towards Whiteness Working Towards Whiteness is about immigrants who are coming to
the United States during the twentieth century and struggling to become white. This is because
America has this identity of being white and the new immigrants are facing the problem of fitting in
based on their race and class. The states have applied restriction so that they can preserve the
population to be more white. In Roediger historical studies he brings these practices to light and his
goals to draw attention to the biased white supremacist policy of the government in the regulations
of immigration. Roediger most evident strength would be that he has the adaptation of the "in–
between" status of the new immigrants coming in, which they are neither accepted as white neither
can they be able to identify themselves as their pre–existing background. "But on other levels,
James's gaze at "new immigrants" a racially inflected term that categorized the numerous
newcomers from southern and eastern Europe as different both from the whiter and longer
established northern and western Europe migrants to the United States and from the nonwhite
Chinese and other "Asiatics" opened for him new possibilities and alien drama", stated by Roediger
(2005, 5 & 6). With white's being on top of everything and the new immigrants are not being
accepted very easy as to pass under the government's regulations, it makes them confused of what
they are really supposed to be and what identity they belong

Reflection Of The Imagined Community
This paper is a book report of Benedict Anderson's famous book Imagined community: Reflection
on the Origin and spread of Nationalism. It was published by Verso in 1983 and had revisions in
1991 and 2006 with some additional chapters and it became one of the most read books on
nationalism. Anderson explains that the concept of nationalism is a very new but a powerful
concept, which has been neglected by many important thinkers. Nationalism according to him is
connecting bound among the people of a nation, which creates an imagined community. People do
not know each other personally but they share a nation, which makes them tied to each other. When
it comes to the reason of why it is emerging in the modern times, he explains that the main
underlying reason behind the growth of the imagined communities is the rise of the movements
against the monarchs and the development of the capitalism, which mainly started in Europe with
the industrial revolution. I will expand ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nation is not a thing that can be changed or left away easily, he describes is as" it is felt to be
something fundamentally pure". İn addition, Anderson explains the emergence of the race concept
which was a natural phenomena accompanied by the rise of nationalism. However, he distinguishes
the idea that the concept of race that people started to understand and visualize in their mind is not
the racism as a discrimination concept but as more being bound to one's own race, what Anderson
calls it "attachment that peoples feel for the inventions of their imaginations". He explain that being
white or a female or being born in a specific era is not our choice, "such ties are not chosen, they
have about them a halo of disinterestedness."we are out of control on that sense yet it form an
important parts in our social

Latin American Imperialism Research Paper
The countries within the continents of Asia and Africa and Latin American countries were all trying
to overcome the struggles of European imperialism. Europeans had migrated to these areas to
establish an economic system that would benefit European countries. Their attempts toward
autonomy was a battle all in itself, but increased the level of nationalism among the people of these
countries. After World War I, India established organizations known as the Indian National Congress
and the Muslim League to lead their efforts toward independence. Wilson's Fourteen Points and the
Russian Revolution played a major role. Mahandes Gandhi, an Indian nationalist, led the movement
toward independence for India. He was raised as a Hindu and studied law in England. He was
opposed to the idea of the caste or class system especially the exclusion of the Untouchables. During
his leadership, the British allowed the Indians to "self–rule", but this lifestyle was rejected by the
Muslims because the wanted complete independence. As a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The Chinese were seeking the political structure of a republic. Through unequal treaties, foreign
states still remained in control of the Chinese economy. The Chinese expected the Paris Peace
Conference to end the treaty system. Instead, the conference permitted further expansion of
Japanese territory into China. The May Fourth movement publicly exposed that the Chinese were
opposed to imperialism. Through this movement, The Chinese Communist party and The Nationalist
Party was formed. The parties advocated things such as women's equality and democracy. Japan
emerged from the Great War as a world power. The Japanese economy was stimulated as a result of
the war. There was political conflict between the internationalists and the nationalists. The Japanese
had guaranteed the integrity of China to the Americans through the signing of a

The Pros And Cons Of Protectionism
Encyclopaedia Britannica (2014) defines protectionism as the "Policy of protecting domestic
industries against foreign competition by means of tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, or other
restrictions or handicaps placed on the imports of foreign competitors." Rising levels of
globalization in modern times has led to a growing interdependence of countries around the world
and increase in trade links between them (Johnson and Turner, 2010, p. 21). This in turn has created
popular discourse on the idea of a global economy arising out of free–trade instead of country
specific economies, and consideration of global costs of protectionism. However, the doctrine of
international free–exchange and free–trade has been questioned on two aspects ... Show more
Even though the "countervailing duty actions" did increase, they did not result in a wholesale rush
as they were temporary.
Nationalism and Protectionism Ahlerup and Hansson (2011, p. 432–433) quoting Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008 define nationalism as an ideology adhered to by members of a
nation; an ideology which draws on their duty of being loyal to the nation; additionally the ultimate
welfare of the nation is highly emphasized. It is also the attitude of members and how they perceive
themselves as a part of a nation. Although nationalism is determined by various factors, for the
purpose of this essay, nationalism refers to civic nationalism, which is defined in political or
territorial terms, where people are united by a common purpose. Mayda and Rodrik (2005, p. 1394)
state that nearly 60% people from strong nationalist countries garner negative points of views in
relation to imported goods and are usually less pro–trade. Further, Ahlerup and Hansson (2011, p.
435) postulate quoting Smith and Kim (2006) that strong national pride also leads to antagonism
against multilateralism and

Essay about International Relations
International Relations
As I look back on high school, I remember walking through the hallways and seeing people and
groups of all kinds. The hallways were lined, side to side, with different groups of different people
with different ideas and opinions. I, myself, was part of a clique also. However, my clique inter–
mingled with other cliques as we exchanged our ideas, opinions, and experiences. There were some
other cliques that did the same as they did not isolate themselves from the rest of high school life.
However, there were also the other kinds of groups which committed themselves to that group, and
they did isolate themselves from everyone else.
Now, let's take these cliques and turn them into full–scale nations. The high ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This isolation from the rest of the world instills a sense of security within the people and within the
government. They do not have to trust any other nations, nor do they have to rely on any other
nations for anything. Basically, they decide that it would be best for them to work out political
situations by themselves instead of looking to a foreign government as a model to deal with the
situation.
However, this also shows one of the weaknesses of localization. If a nation isolates itself politically
from the rest of the nation, then there is a good chance that they will fall behind with the times; thus,
they may lose face when it comes to their status on the world stage.
Economically, globalization supports the expansion of trade, production, and investments to markets
outside their own. This expansion is apparent when we look at the formation of such institutions as
the European single market, the North American free trade area, the newly emerging Asian
groupings, and the "long overdue" formation of the World Trade Organization. These institutions
have allowed nations (that accept globalization) to experiment with several different markets in
order to achieve economic gain.
Large corporations now participate in foreign markets instead of remaining within a domestic
market. They know that people are fascinated by the cultures of other races, and they implement
facilities into other nations. For instance, James Rosenau

Negative Impacts Of Nationalism
The Nationalist movement began during French Revolution when country men rallied together to go
to war against Communism. Nationalism was invented in Europe by intellectuals who were inspired
by Napoleons conquest. This ideology to changed people's perspective about what their country
meant to them. Unified States such as Italy, Germany were created during a great migration that
formed unified states. Instead of the smaller societies people once lived in became a nation of
individuals in certain countries that they could call their own. Nationalism has also helped in the
improvement of incomes and education by helping those citizens to come together for a common
good. The negative impacts of nationalism is the imposing of views on other ... Show more content
These countries sought the right to have their own established entity and through this imperialism
spread. Europeans felt a sense of entitlement over other nations. They chose to impose their views
whenever they conquered other societies. The 19th century Europe sent missionaries to use
Christianity as means to conquer African people. Missionaries used a conversion process to build
schools, hospitals, and teach english to the native people. Christianity was used to gain trust of the
people in order to impose Europe ideologies on local customs. Even today you can still see the
influences of western culture in many parts of the world. The most significant part of globalization
is the ability to introduce new cultural ideas into others.
Portugal was the first in its efforts to impose imperialism in modern day Brazil. It was used as a port
to Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe. The discovery of sugar lands and gold was given to the
Portugal King by his nobles. They enslaved not only the indigenous people of the land but
eventually imported Africans because the demand for sugar cane was so great. Once sugar became
too competitive of a market, they reverted to gold that was found in Menius Gerias, Brazil. This
created the first gold rush. Portugal and Britain soon found an uneven alliance in which Britain was
entitled to the same right as Portugal. Portugal imposed imperialism on Brazil by gaining useful
resources to advance their own society. The relationship of

Infantile Disease: To What Extent Should National Interest...
"Nationalism is an Infantile Disease": To What Extent Should National Interest Be Pursued? The
source presented depicts an army of men following a singular leader off the edge of a cliff, as well
as the quote from Einstein that compares the ideas of nationalism to the childish disease of measles.
The perspective clearly is that nationalism is the rooting cause of war and misfortunate events that
have occurred throughout history. From the source it can be inferred that nationalistic beliefs are
dangerous and promote blind obedience. The partial embracing of the source can benefit the reader
and open minds to certain ideas. However, the complete embracement of the source can lead to
extremely close minded and biased opinions; only one side of the source is revealed, inferably from
a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The source intends to provide a controversial opinion in order to prevent people from blindly
following leaders as well as to provide a statement warning of the acts of nationalism. While the
views from the source are beneficial and introduce different views on the subject of nationalism–
nationalism doesn't start wars nor does it lead to blind obedience; greedy and power hungry people
who decidedly hind behind the views of nationalism do. Nationalism is just a term that describes the
desire for the prosperity of one's country as well as patriotic feelings towards said country. Feelings
of pride for a country do not evoke malicious intent the people who twist those ideas and cross the
line into ultranationalism do. Leaders such as Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Hirohito, and Harry
Truman use the word nationalism to persuade others to follow them by glamorizing the term and
tricking people into agreeing with them. The Holocaust wasn't caused due to

Nationalism In America
Hello, I am Susana Stripling and I am talking about the issues associated with rising neo–
nationalistic policies. Some background on the issue, nationalism is the strong belief in the interests
of a particular nation state being of a higher importance than other nation states. Nationalism is
associated with strong patriotic feelings, increases in armaments, a feeling of superiority over other
nations, political independence, as well as the severing of ties and communications with other
nations. Neo–nationalism is the re–emergence of nationalism except under different global and
transnational conditions. Globalism is the complete opposite of nationalism. Globalism is when you
put the entire world's policies and attitudes and values above that of your own particular nation. It's
working together as a group. Transnational organizations are groups that are involved in
international relations. It's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Trump's "Make America Great Again" ideals have caused severing of ties between other nations,
despite the fact that he is keeping communications and the nation is keeping communications and
ties and compromises up with other nations. They are starting to cut off different ones with other
ones which is signs of neo–nationalism.
Looking at neo–nationalism rising globally, some examples of different countries that have neo–
nationalistic policies, despite the fact that they may be small or they may be large, just starting or
they may have already been developed, is Japan's Shinzo Abe's "Society in Which All 100 Million
People Can Be Active", India's Narendra Modi's "Good Days are Coming", China's Xi Jingping's
"Chinese Dream", and Russia's Vladimir Putin, who is their president, inputting his nationalistic
policies, as well as Britain's recent Brexit

Why Did Nationalist Movements Fail to Achieve Much Before...
Nationalist movements have been present since the start of colonial rule and the eminent failure of
these nationalist movements before the onset of World War Two have not gone un–noticed by
historians. 'nationalism is linked with the idea of progress, a progress which man himself can induce
or control.' The firm control that the pre–WWII Western colonial powers imposed on the territories
that they governed ensure that the local people would not demand for the sovereignty of their state.
However a select few revolutionaries formed nationalist movements in order to regain the
independence of their states. Unfortunately, many of these nationalist movements failed to achieve
much before the start of World War Two and it is in this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was able to mobilize up to 3,000 peasant followers because of his ability to use religion to appeal
to these people. He was perceived to be a man of extraordinary powers, owing to his great
accumulation of merit. Similar rebellions, led by 'holy men' like Phaya (known as phi bun) broke out
in the northeast. By 1901, the number of phi bun movements rose to well over 100. By 1902, many
of these movements were able to take up arms against the state. However, these armed rebellions
were quickly suppressed by government forces. The rebellions were traditionally anti–monarchy and
were spontaneous and reactive, employing religious symbols and reacting against the monarchical
government. The peasant rebellions in Thailand did not achieve anything as they were quickly
suppressed, showing the intolerance of the colonial powers towards any traditional anti–colonial
nationalist movements. The radical anti–colonial nationalist movements, using violence, strikes and
demonstrations were more successful compared to their traditional counterparts, as its actions were
much more prominent and it rallied under the idea of the creation of a nation–state. However, the
success of the radical anti–colonial movement was limited as repression and suppression of any
anti–colonial movements by the pre–war colonial rulers in the respective countries was very swift.
An example of a case study would be Indochina and the respective radical

Nationalism in a Multicultural Society
Nationalism is exclusionary by definition. In a well–argued essay, compare the positive and negative
effects of nationalism within a multicultural or multiethnic society. In your answer, discuss the
problems that a multicultural society poses to the formation of national identity and why you do or
do not believe that nationalism is compatible with the liberal state's emphasis upon individual rights
and freedoms.
"The Age of liberal democracy is also the Age of nationalism" (Bernard Yack, 2003) . Throughout
history, the relationship between nationalism and the emergence and proliferation of the liberal
democratic state has been closely intertwined. Examples of democratic states that rose in tandem
with nationalism are the French ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He carried out genocide on the German Jews in order to create the perfect Aryan race. Hitler
successfully turned the Germans against each other based on anti–Semitic ideals. "From this point of
view, nationalism and the politics of ethnic cleansing represent the 'dark side of democracy'"
(Bernard Yack, 2003) . National identity becomes horribly wrong, especially in multinational
societies, when people sometimes rank identities hierarchically, leading to the rejection of another
nation as inferior.
The modernist theories imply that until the beginning of the 19th century, almost no one had more
than local loyalties. National identity and unity were originally imposed from above, by European
states, because they were necessary to modernize the economy and society. In this theory, nationalist
conflicts are an unintended side–effect. "For state theorists, pervasive loyalty or devotion to the
polity is purposefully encouraged through the allocation of services and privileges, with the state
adjudicating disputes to bolster unity" (Bernard Yack, 2003) . Ernest Gellner, a philosopher and
social anthropologist, argued that nations are a by–product of industrialization. Modernization
theorists regard the printing press and capitalism as necessary conditions for nationalism. The
greater the group nationalism, the greater the group homogeneity of attitudes, beliefs, language
spoken and ways of behaving, the greater is the group cohesiveness. Partly as a result of

Persuasive Essay On Nationalism
Kate, Guo
Mr. Berdahl
Social 20–2
Oct. 28th, 2017.
It is a truism to say that nationalism plays a significant role in life. Yet, it is not an easy concept to
define directly. Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau depicted that "a Canadian not by a skin
color or a language or a background, but by a shared set of values, aspirations, hopes and dreams."
Meanwhile, Adolf Hitler protested against that " nationalism was based upon bloodlines and race",
and therefore he carried out "racial purity", which repressed the Jewish. On the specific issue of
whether to embrace nationalism or not, I am full of the opinion that we should adopt nationalism,
but not to be radical. Nation and identity are always related. Canadians firmly believed that the
victory of the Vimy Ridge battle in April, 1917 formed the nation, as it was the first time that all
four Canadians army divisions fought together as a single unit. In fact, Canada was not a nation until
the Constitution Act officially proclaimed Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867. From then on,
Canadian government started to set up a series of politics; they began to spread their official
language and reveal Canadian style; they also advocated their spirituality to inspire the citizens etc.
Is the national(collective) identity consistently comes first? Since studying abroad, this doubt kept
twining in my mind. Staring at the Canadian national flag, when "O, Canada" plays on every
Monday morning, I feel the Chinese

The United States And America
Who we are
The United States has various relationships with the world, some more complicated than others. One
thing this nation has that is better than most countries is the fact that we are a very culturally diverse
society, which can be beneficial. In relation to others, the U.S. is different from other nations by our
diverse cultures, religions and just like many others, we have issues we come face to every day.
Americans deal with diversity as they work closely with other cultures by putting their differences
aside to achieve something. We have a society that is based more along a judeo christian mentality
and structure versus more of other predominent religious beliefs.
When it comes down to it, people don't really care what your ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
a union of people of different cultures. We have problems, but regardless of everything else, we are
still one nation, a combined group of people with different beliefs. In the article, "Patriotism and
Cosmopolitanism", Martha C. Nussbaum states, "emphasis on patriotic pride is both morally
dangerous and, ultimately, subversive of some of the worthy goals patriotism sets out to serve."
Nussbaum agrees with Rabindranath Tagores novel, "The Home and the World," being patriotic can
be dangerous and even may go against the goals of patriotism of national unity and moral ideals. A
lot of countries like the United States are very patriotic and it may interfere with the relationship
they have with the rest of the world. Americans that are having a hard time with the diverse cultures
that surrounds them should lean more towards a cosmopolitan ideal whose devotion is on as
association of human beings in the whole world.
Some may argue that being patriotic and having certain beliefs is what creates the problems between
nations and between different cultures. We still have these puritan beliefs, especially the
conservative side, now we are trying to change that in order to tend to everyone 's feelings and
needs. That's the reason a lot of people who are extremely conservative feel like their religious
rights is being put aside. For those who are over patriotic it can be dangerous when it comes to the
point of starting to take

The Causes Of World War I
A Historical Analysis of the Causes of World War I
(187)The initial causes of World War I can be defined through the problematic issues of late British
Imperialism during the Boxer rebellion in 1900. Many Chinese citizens had become rebellious to
German imperialism, which allowed Kaiser Wilhelm II to send the German East Asia Squadron to
quell the uprising. This action forced the Great Powers, such as Great Britain and Russia, to also
send troops to stop the rebellion. Due to the rising power of the German navy and military, it
became evident that a European arms race had laid the foundation for conflict between Germany
and England: "An official visit to the German shipyards at Kiel and Wilhelmshaven convinced the
Admiralty that Kaiser's naval preparations were aimed at England, and England alone" (Herman
481). More so, the Kaiser promoted a strict form of German nationalism that galvanized the military
industrial complex to build an army that would dominate Europe. This blend of German
imperialism, nationalism, and militarism were the major underlying causes of World War I.
Certainly, Britain and the rest of Europe competed with Germany to dominate Europe and colonial
outposts throughout the world. The rise of German nationalism was a major contributor to World
War I by creating a sense of pride and unique regional identity for the government and the military.
One aspect of German nationalism was based on the racial superiority of Germans in comparison to
other

Nationalism's Role In World War I
Nationalism is the strong belief that the interests of a particular nation–state is of primary
importance. It also is the belief that a people who share a common language, history, and culture
should have an independent nation. Nationalism is shown in many ways throughout World War I,
the Interwar Years, and World War II. It is shown in nationalists groups such as the KMT, through
new ideas such as Nazism or Fascism, and during events that happen during wars and revolutions,
such as the Salt March. Nationalism's role is important in all of these wars and revolutions because
without Nationalism, history would be very different. Nationalism has a big impact on World War 1,
and its impact is shown in many ways throughout the war. At the beginning ... Show more content
During the Interwar years, nationalism effected revolutions and the decisions that governments or
political groups make. The Russians show nationalism by eliminating anyone who doesn't follow
communism. "Stalin waged war ... on those designated as "kulaks" (Goff 151)because he wanted to
unify the people who agreed with his ideas of communism. This affects the communists rise to
power during the Russian revolution because the communists are trying to unite the Russians under
one government. The Kuomintang, also known as the KMT, were a nationalist party in China during
the interwar years who opposed the CCP, the Chinese Communist Party. The reason that this group
was nationalist is because Sun–Yat sen, the leader of the KMT, wanted to unite the people of China
under a republic. Nationalism played a big role in forming the revolution in China. Nationalism is
also shown by the Indian people during the Salt March. The Indian people decided to have this
march to show their independence. This is an example of nationalism because the Indian people are
uniting to show their independence and get rid of the British. Nationalism effected the situations in
different nations during the interwar years, whether they were to end or start a

Gender Inequality Within Developing Countries And Provide...
Furthermore, the IOC and bodies belonging to the movement reserves about 20% of its decision
making positions for women and it funds women especially from developing countries and offer
assistance programs for athletes, managers and coaches (IOC Factsheet, 2014). The IOC has
developed both educational and training programs targeted at women in Sports to empower them to
take up leadership positions within the administrative structures in the NOCs and National Sports
Federations (IOCs Factsheet, 2014). Despite all these interventions and modifications, organised
sports still remains the institution that perpetuates gender inequality (McDonagh and Pappano
2008:247) and a platform where inequality prospers (Zoonen 1994:150). Messner (1989) ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Wacquant's (2004:16) view, one needs to acquire a set of ''bodily and mental schemata'' and also
to construct the ''theory of practice'' to effectively participate in sports (Bourdieu, 1997). Borrowing
from this approach, I will seek to understand and describe my lived experience through active
participation in sports. In this regard, my research will follow the dictates of Mauss, (1979) that, to
attain a disposition to do sports as in the case of any other technique of the body, the work done by
the individual will be for practical collective reason (that underlines accepted theories of social
action). In societies where athletes excel, the benefit is not for only the athlete but also the
community as Brownell (1995:15) explains in ''training the body for China''. Developing his ideas
further, Mauss (1979) posited that there are instances where a ''physio–psycho–sociological''
congregation of series of action may be habitual or ancient in the life of the individual and also in
the history of the society. The idea of a habitual "physio–psycho–sociological" comportment might
help account for why women do not participate in sports to the same degree as men – the larger
social habitus does not include a prominent role for women in sports participation. Nationalisation
Foucault (1977, 1978) theorized that understanding the global landscape of

Understanding The Modern World
ICC UNDERGRADUATE FOUNDATION PROGRAMME
________________________________________ ICC 2014–15 ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET
Student name: Anne Tan Shi Yu ICC No: 614346 Term (1,2 or 3): Term 2 Course Title:
Understanding the Modern World (UMW) Title of assignment: What is nationalism, and can it
survive in a globalizing world? Lecturer's name: Kevin Manton Word Count: 1502 words
Nationalism is a very broad concept that only emerged in the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Before the idea of nationalism, people were loyal to their own religious spheres. There is therefore a
general consensus that nationalism is a modern invention. (Kidd 1999) In Europe, people were
attached to their religion, mainly Christianity. The concept of a national identity was inexistent.
However, ever since the nineteenth century, people have started to see themselves as nationals of a
particular nation. (Kedourie 1960) The shared characteristics of people within countries have created
the concept of nationalism, where people feel bonded within their own nation. The main notion of
nationalism stems from the fact that people share something in common and thus they have a
national identity. (Spencer, Wollman 2002) This common bond can come in many forms – political,
cultural and territorial. Given the ever–changing nature of social relations, powers and political
systems around the world due to globalization, the idea of a nation and people's national identity
may be threatened. It can be

Compare And Contrast Haiti And Reiti
From the 1750s to the 1900s, nationalism raged like a wildfire and extended in flaming tendrils
across the world. Nationalism was born in Europe under the fledgling ideas of enlightenment
intellectuals and chafing rule of Napoleon; however, people most felt nationalism outside Europe.
Two such nations rocked by nationalistic ideas were China and Haiti. Both countries underwent
massive political reforms in the time between 1750 and 1900, but each nation's policies differed in
foreign relations, economics, and racial issues. China and Haiti both had to battle with foreign,
specifically western, powers; however, Haiti utilized nationalism to gain independence, and China
had to fight nationalism to stay sovereign. In the mid–1700s, China was a strong, ... Show more
In China, the Qing dynasty ruled. The Qing, however, were not Chinese–they were Manchurian.
This greatly irritated Chinese citizens, who demanded an ousting of 'foreign' rule. After the failure of
the Opium War, Chinese were angry with their government–angry with the spreading famine, angry
with high taxes, angry with English economic rule. This lead to the massively bloody Taiping
Rebellion of 1850 to 1864. Between 20 million and 30 million died from battle, disease, and
starvation. This rebellion greatly weakened Qing rule, but the Qing were able to hold onto their rule.
Similarly, in Haiti black slaves and gens de couleur grew tired of mistreatment by white settlers.
Racial tensions were high. Black and people of mixed heritage banded together under enlightened
sentiments of liberty and national identity and revolted against white French rule. Under these
nationalistic sentiments, the Haitians politically reformed Saint–Domingue. In both China and Haiti,
political reforms and revolutions contained racial

Is A Nation Is An Abstruse Procedure?
Born and bred in Malaysia, I am proud to call myself a Malaysian national. My parents are
Malaysians as well. However, my paternal grandparents identify themselves as Indian, while my
maternal grandparents prefer to be referred to as Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) . Going back further, my
ancestors would have identified themselves as Portuguese. We originate from the same bloodline,
with similar heritage, almost identical ethnicity, and to a certain extent, common values, traditions
and culture; yet, we identify ourselves as individuals from different nations. A simple anecdote
regarding a student's heritage can show you that defining an individual's nationality is more complex
than we perceive it to be. You cannot come to a conclusion regarding an individual's nationality by
simply looking at his/her passport details. It is difficult to identify one's nationality because
understanding the concept of a nation is an abstruse procedure. Given that defining a nation is
perplexing, and the characterization of a nation is imperative to define nationalism, it becomes a
convoluted process to determine the meaning of nationalism. Furthermore, nationalism is a human
construct, which makes it inconsistent across the world. Different individuals would have different
views on the definition of nationalism. When the concept of nationalism is indefinite and obscure, it
would inevitably lead to conflict amongst individuals within a nation and foreign to the nation due
to a difference in opinion

Primordial and Modernist Schooling
Primordial school Primordial school and modernist school are two very important main streams in
identity study. Especially, in the national identity study, both of them have involved the study of
nationalism and have a very unlike view of it. And they are often highly debated of the origins of
nations and their identity. The root of primordial school is originally based on the German
romanticism and it mainly argues how those fixed factors influence in identity shape process. Those
factors are constantly stable throughout the history and hardly changed. The factors have been
passed on to generations and constructing the identity of people who lives in nowadays. For
example, language is one of these elements. Language is unique and distinct from other ones. People
who speak this language will have their own identity and formed a special group which makes them
different from other language speaking groups. And in primordial school idea, same language
speaking group will result in similar thought. Because of people learn language from the community
where they live and each community will has its thought or behavior. These will transmit to people
who learn that language. Therefore, for primordial school language is one of the key elements in
identity shaping. Another pivotal and principle factor for shaping identity is the kinship. Primordial
school argues that people joining into groups by their blood or genetic relationship with each other.
Family members will gather and

An Extreme Sense Of Nationalism In The United States

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