A New Version Of The Portable Forced Oscillation Technique

A New Version Of The Portable Forced Oscillation Technique
Specific Aim1: Develop a new version of the portable FOT to track changes in hourly temporal variation in respiratory system impedance (Zrs) and
phase.
Hypothesis: The newly developed portable Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) measures the respiratory impedance as accurately as existing market
devices. This aim is designed to validate the lab developed devices.
Rationale: Current methods to evaluate the respiratory system are limited to Spirometry and Forced Oscillation Technique. Spirometry is the gold
standard test to evaluate the respiratory system[1]. Although it has been used for decades, it has several limitations which makes it difficult to be used
in early detection for any pulmonary diseases including asthma. One major ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In specific aim 1 we will build and validate the portable version of the FOT. It will be small in size and low in cost, to be used in patient's home to
measure impedance and phase throughout the day. The lab–developed FOT will be validated versus the FOT devices on the market to ensure data
accuracy and precision. The validation process starts by recruiting a group of healthy subjects. Then, respiratory system impedance data will be
collected using the lab–develop FOT and market device FOT for statistic comparison.
Experimental Strategy:
1.Design Overview:
The main goal of this specific aim is to design a portable Forced Oscillation Technique device that is small in size and low in cost. The device to be
used in the patient's home to evaluate the respiratory system impedance. The device uses an Intel Galileo2 microprocessor that generates the excitation
sound wave signal to the loudspeaker. The low amplitude pressure sound wave travels through a penumotachograph that connects to two differentiation
pressure transducers (SDXL005D4) then to the patient respiratory system. To avoid CO2 rebreathing there is a bias resistance that connects at the
penumotachograph as shown in fig (1) to allow spontaneous breathing. All calculation will be done within the microprocessor and data will be
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Does Oscillation Is Basic Thing For Generate Various...
Chapter 3 : Literature Review Oscillation is basic thing for generate various signal which is required in Function generator. 3.1 Oscillation : 3.1.1 Type
of Oscillators Based on Nature Sinusoidal – RC phase shift oscillator, Wien Bridge,Hartley,Colpitts and clap . Non Sinusoidal– Multivibrators and UJT
relaxation oscillators . 3.1.2Type of Oscillators Based on Component RC Oscillators – Phase shift Oscillator , Wien Bridge Oscillator , UJT relaxation
Oscillator . LC Oscillators – Hartley Oscillator , Colpitts Oscillator , Clapp Oscillator . 3.1.3Type of Oscillators Based on Frequency Low Frequency –
RC phase shift oscillator, Wien Bridge . High Frequency –Hartley Oscillator , Colpitts Oscillator , Clapp OscillatorCrystal Oscillator , Tuned Oscillator
. 3.2 Basic circuits useful in Function generator Various Basic circuits like multi vibrator, integrator,differentiator,comparator are useful in simple
function generator . Fig 6 Basic Block Diagram for Function Generator 3.2.1. Astable Multivibrator The astable multivibrator produces a rectangular
waveform at the output and requires no input signal. So this circuit use in square wave generation . Fig 7 Astable Multivibrator Firstly lets assume that
the capacitor is fully discharged and the output of the op–amp is saturated at the positive supply rail. The capacitor, C starts to charge up from the
output voltage, Vout through resistor, R at a rate

Hurricanes And Climate Change : The Effects Of Climate Change
According to CNN, in late August 2017, hurricane Harvey hit land causing $75 billion dollars' worth of damage and causing the deaths of 82
people as it tore through Texas with winds exceeding 130 mph and pouring 27 trillion gallons in less than a week. A week later hurricane Irma hit
the Caribbean as a category 5 storm devastating the islands with 125 mph winds and claiming the lives of 61 people before weakening over the Florida
coast. 10 days later hurricane Maria hits Dominica and Puerto Rico, also a category 5 storm. 70,000 people were evacuated as dams are feared to burst
and power was lost to the entire island of Puerto Rico. 60 people died ("2017 Atlantic Hurricane", 2017). Hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons play a
major role in coastal disasters and could prove even more disastrous with the effects of climate change. Hurricanes form as warm moist air begins to
rise over the sea surface and leaves a gap of low pressure underneath. High pressure air then fills this gap, heats up, and then rises again. This creates
the cyclonic action ("How Hurricanes Form", 2017). These types of events require a minimum sea surface temperature of 26.5 degrees Celsius, or
roughly 80 degrees Fahrenheit and a depth of at least 60m (Michener et al, 1997) and as the temperature increases globally as does the possible effect
on hurricanes. The Emergency Events Database (EED) shows that the frequency of hydrological natural disasters has more than quadrupled since 1970
(Figure 1) and

Evolution Of Nanoscale Science And Technology
In the last twenty years Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies have become more significant and have found a lot of applications in many aspects; the
synthesis making nanostructured materials with helpful and tunable properties is central to the evolution of nanoscale science and technology.
Nanometre scale metal particles exhibit optical, electronic, magnetic and chemical properties which have wonderful technological and scholar value.
Among them silver, copper, and gold nanoparticles (NP) offer powerful adsorption bands (Localised Surface Plasmon Resonance, LSPR) in the visual
spectrum. The frequency of the LSPR is mightily dependent on various properties of the NP. The optical properties of metal NP are mightily affected
by their composition, shape, size, and concerning climate, like the closeness of other particles. These nano–particles, in a collective surround the core,
will do a shell. Metal nanoshells have shown formidable troth for systematic engineering of SPR. These are composite nanoparticles that make of a
dielectric core covered with a few nanometers to a little tens of nanometers of a metal, ordinarily gold or silver. The SPR of these nanoparticles may be
alteration over hundreds of nanometers in wavelength, across the visible and into the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum by the relative
dimensions of the core and the shell.
Firstly, the fabricated unclosed nanoshell composite SiO2@ Au–Cu was made by chemical methods for different cases.

Feature Tracking And Visualization Of The Madden -julian...
1. Feature Tracking and visualization of the Madden –Julian oscillation in climate simulation Teng–Yok Lee et. al. [1] and his colleagues present an
integrated analysis and also visualization framework for scientists to better understand the (MJO) Madden Julian Oscillation phenomenon from very
large scale spatio temporal climate simulation data. In this the authors bring forward how the tight integration of MJO domain knowledge, data analysis
techniques such as feature tracking and also visualization methods such as virtual globe can lead to powerful system for climate research. 2.
Customizing Computational methods for Visual Analytics with Big Data Jaegul Choo et. al. [2] In this, Jaegul Choo and Haesum Park discuss the play
between convergence and the precision where these two aspects haven't yet received exact consideration in analysis (visual). Here the authors propose
various customizing computational methods which include low precision computational and also iteration level visualization to ensure real time visual
analytics for big data. 3. Visualization Large, heterogeneous data in Hybrid Reality Environment Khairi Reda et. al. [3] and his colleagues manifest
how a new kind of visualization space called hybrid reality environments can archieve scalable visualization of various heterogeneous datasets. These
environments synerize the capabilities of VR and high resolution tiled LCD walls, letting users unite 2D and 3D information spaces. Authors also
introduced two

The Complex And Interesting Optical Properties Essay
The complex and interesting optical properties can be shown clearly on Nanostructured metals the collective oscillations of the conduction electrons
termed plasmons lead to most striking phenomenon encountered in these structures are resonances . Plasmon modes exist in a number of geometries
and in various metals – most importantly in noble metals such as gold, copper and silver. Under certain circumstances plasmons are excited by
light, which leads to strong light scattering and absorption and an enhancement of the local electromagnetic field. In 1989, based upon calculations,
Neeves and Birnboim proposed that a composite spherical particle with a dielectric core and a metallic shell could produce SPR modes with a much
larger range of wavelengths. The first nanoshells were made by Zhou et al. In the 1990's. They used a Au2S core surrounded by a gold shell.
Variations of these shells made it possible to shift the standard gold colloidplasmon resonance peak from ~520 nm up to ~900 nm. There was a limit
however, of less than 40 nm on the size of nanoshell that they could achieve due to the chemistry of their synthesis reactions. The process also
produced large amounts of gold colloid as a secondary product which gave an additional absorption peak at ~520 nm. Halas and coworkers
synthesized a new type of gold nanoshell that overcame many of the limitations of the Au2S core type nanoshell. The new method replaced the Au2S
core with a silica core and made it possible to exert

Climate Change And Global Warming
Marietta Johnson
Environmental Science, 201
Spring Term 2
Professor Barry Vroeginday
Climate Change / Global Warming, How Mankind Contributes There are so many issues going on in the world today that experts state it is due to
climate change. Climate change is a global issue that effects the entire world and everyone should be interested in knowing more about it. Some
common issues attributed to climate change are temperature records being broken, storms being stronger, more frequent or happening in places where it
never happened before, flooding, and droughts etc..... The largest contribution to climate change is from human beings performing activities that make
life easier or more comfortable in the world we live in. Past and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Approximately 70% of Connecticut's energy is derived from fossil fuels. The combustion of fossil fuels releases air pollutants and greenhouse gases,
which both endanger public health and the environment as well as contribute to global climate change (CT Department of Energy & Environmental
Protection, 2015).
Below is a graph of energy consumption distributed by fuel in Connecticut (CT Department of Energy & Environmental Protection, 2015).
One recent example of global warming on the East coast is the record breaking amount of snow recorded this last winter. Also the unusual or rapid
change in temperature when changing from one season to another. There doesn't seem to be a gradual increase or decrease anymore, well not like it
was about 7–10 years ago. Yulsman (2015) points out that this is called El Nino–Southern Oscillation which is also called ENSO (Yulsman, 2015, para.
4)
During an El Nino, heat stored in the tropical Pacific Ocean is released into the atmosphere, which tends to give a boost to global average
temperatures. NOAA's latest forecast is for a 70 percent chance of El Nino continuing through summer and a 60 percent chance that it will persist
through fall. Below is a graph that shows this effect for the entire world. Anyone that takes notice should be aware of the change in air quality as a
result of pollution. Currently there are so many people

The El Nino Southern Oscillation
Abstract The El–NiГ±o Southern Oscillation is a complex sequence of natural climate variations that take place in the tropics of the Pacific Ocean, yet
affect the climate of the entire globe. The climate phenomenon, known as ENSO, has three main phases that each differ markedly in their atmospheric
and oceanic conditions. El NiГ±o, also known as "the warm phase", is the first cycle that begins when warm water in the eastern Pacific Ocean shifts to
the west toward South America. During El NiГ±o, the east–to–west trade winds halt and sometimes reverse directions, causing significant disturbances
in the biological life of the Pacific Ocean. Conversely, La NiГ±a is the complete opposite of El NiГ±o. La NiГ±a, also called "the cold phase" brings
unusually strong east–to–west winds and colder temperatures along the equatorial Pacific. Both phases have consequences that affect the regular
atmospheric conditions of the world; El NiГ±o is linked to both droughts and floods, La NiГ±a is linked to extreme tropical cyclones and monsoon
rains. The climatic events also have relationships to forest fires, economic changes, famine, plagues and widespread crop failure. The study of ENSO
is necessary in order to attempt to reveal patterns and key factors that can affect the intensity and severity of this phenomenon that occurs globally on
average every two to seven years.
Introduction
The El NiГ±o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important natural climatic phenomena on

The Madden Julian Oscillation And Its Effects On Eastern...
The Madden–Julian Oscillation and Its Effects on Eastern United States Climate
While a great deal of focus is placed on more longer–term variabilities of the earth's climate system such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) among others, several smaller oscillations do exist that exert greater short–term impacts on weather and climate
versus the aforementioned climatic phenomena. One of these is called the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), and its variability plays a significant role
in the climate of the Eastern United States.
1. Introduction
The discovery of the MJO itself can be traced back to the late 1960s and early 1970s. Roland Madden and Paul Julian discovered a regular pattern of
variance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is variability itself in the strength of MJO events and the weather and climatic effects it may produce. Strong MJO events seem to occur
frequently before the onset of a warm ENSO event by about 6–12 months, but then become considerably weaker once the warm ENSO event is in
progress (Kutsuwada and McPhaden 2002, McPhaden 2004). Other climate effects may depend on its phase. Some events are more likely to be linked
to certain phases than others, while other effects may lag in time versus an immediate effect (Zhang 2013).
2. Phases of the MJO
Before discussing the actual effects of the MJO on the climate of the eastern United States, it is first important to understand how the phases of the
oscillation are described.
The most commonly used method is a eight–phase system developed by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Matthew Wheeler and Harry Hendon
(2004) called the real–time multivariate MJO (RMM) index. It is derived from an analysis of the anomalies in upper and lower–level zonal winds and
outgoing longwave radiation. In charted form (Fig. 1, right), the RMM shows the relative strength of the MJO at any given point as well as its location.
In Phase 1, the center of the MJO (or where the center of the majority of the largest positive anomalies in the rainfall) starts in the western Indian
Ocean, as shown in Figure 2

What Are Arctic Oscillations?
1– What is an Arctic Oscillations? It is an atmospheric circulation pattern of pressure between the Arctic and the Northern middle latitudes. Basically, if
the atmospheric pressure is high in Arctic, it tends to be low in the Northern middle latitudes and vice versa. The north atlantic oscillation and arctic
oscillation are just a different ways of describing the same phenomenon. 2– Properties/brief differences As I mentioned earlier, those three terms are the
same. There are basically two properties of AO : it considers as the largest mode of variability in Northern middle and high latitudes, and it happens
all year, and we tend to notice it more in winter and spring seasons. For those of you who are confused the difference between Elnino... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Northern American Temperature As snow and ice melt, ocean surfaces absorb Sun's energy, increasing warming. Ice normally would reflect light.
Greater fraction of the extra energy received increases concentrations of greenhouse gases Depth of the atmospheric layer that has to warm in order to
cause warming of near– surface air is much shallower in the Arctic Over most of the past century, the Arctic Oscillation alternated between its positive
and negative phase. For a period during the 1970s to mid–1990s, the Arctic Oscillation tended to stay in its positive phase. However, since then it has
again alternated between positive and negative, with a record negative phase in the winter of 2009–2010. There are lots of variability including very
large changes from one winter to the next. Winter of 1979 was the coldest in the US record, and most winters after that since 1985 have been warm.
We see that since 1895, contiguous US winter temperatures have warmed around 2 degrees F. And we can see that our winder is getting warmer from
this graph. 5– current conditions of AO Currently, the AO is negative but is predicted in the short term to trend positive and turn positive for the rest of
the week of October. In this diagram, the gray lines

Measuring The Load Pattern Of Measuring A Minimum Of Two...
In some cases, lateral force shapes result to good approximation of demand displacements. Nevertheless, there has not been found any constant loading
for exact approximation of local mechanisms and plastic hinges. Earthquake codes have made it mandatory to use a minimum of two lateral load
patterns in nonlinear static procedure. These two load patterns are chosen to cover resulting forces in actual dynamic response of the structure. There
are two load patterns which are used mostly in usual studies: uniform and modal load pattern. When using uniform load pattern, called also constant
acceleration pattern, lateral forces applied to the structure are proportional to the mass of the building stories. This load pattern emphasizes on bottom
floors demands more than top floor demands. It also increases the importance of shear in stories against overturning moment while modal load pattern
emphasizes overturning moment and story demands. The FEMA356 code allows using comparative load pattern instead of constant load pattern. In
this method the load pattern varies by plastic hinges as the displacements in the structure increase. Obviously, none of these shapes of constant loading
can perform redistribution of inertia forces which occur with the first local mechanism and change of dynamic properties of the structure. Therefore, it
is interesting to find a load shape which is closer to the variation of inertia forces distribution and gives a better approximation of the behavior of

How Climate Change Is Affecting The Spread Of Infectious...
Currently, one of the major problems in the world is the rapid change of our climate. Years of research and studies have linked climate change to the
spreading and occurrence of many infectious diseases. Vectors and pathogens that were not able to spread to certain countries before because
temperatures were too low for them to survive in are now being able to habituate these parts of the world because of how much warmer our planet is
becoming. This is concerning to us because infectious diseases can increase death rates. Therefore, if our planet continues to get warmer, the more
infectious diseases will spread, and the more humans will die. This research paper attempts to provide a better understanding on how diseases are
spreading more... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the southwest of the United states, coccidioides immitis and C posadasii, fungal pathogens that cause valley fever in humans, have usually been
located in hot, dry states like California, Arizona, and Utah, but recently it has also moved to Washington State, which is considered a humid state. This
situation shows how climate change is having an effect on this state by making it dryer and allowing these pathogens to habituate and spread here.
Furthermore, in Arizona, the annual cases of valley fever increased from 33 to 43/100,000 people between 1998 and 2001 (Benjamin H., 2017). This
was due to longer dry seasons caused by climate change, and windier storms that spread fungal spores.
In addition, climate change can lead to droughts, causing crops and vegetation to dry out and eventually leaving humans with short amounts of food,
leading to starvation. Starvation causes the body to become very weak making the immune system unable to fight viruses and diseases as efficiently,
therefore humans become more susceptible to infectious diseases. A study conducted in the 1920s found thatmalaria was more prone to happen during
these times of drought and starvation (Hay et al., 2002). Climate can also lead to heavier rainfall and flooding, which causes for rodents to inhabit
houses searching for shelter and food. This can lead to transmission of hantavirus in humans, leading to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).

El Nino Essay
El NiГ±o and La NiГ±a Worksheet
After exploring the websites, you will have enough information to answer the following questions. There are 19 true/false questions and 1 short answer
question that need to be answered. Submit your work to your instructor and then complete the El NiГ±o and La NiГ±a Quiz.
The information below explains how to answer the questions.
* If the statement is True, answer True for full credit. * If the statement is False, answer False for half credit and then rewrite the sentence to make it a
True statement. To make it True, you will likely only need to swap no more than 2–4 words that describe the main concept to make it true.
Here are a couple of examples.
Example #1: True/False: Most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Answer:
7. Warm ENSO episodes result in abnormally wet conditions over northernAustralia, Indonesia, and the Philippines in both winter and summer seasons.
Answer:
8. During a warm ENSO episode, storms tend to be more vigorous in the Gulf of Mexico along the southeast coast of the U.S. resulting in wetter than
normal conditions in that region.
Answer:
9. During a La NiГ±a episode, higher than normal pressure is observed over Indonesia and northern Australia and lower than normal pressure is
observed over the eastern tropical Pacific.
Answer:
10. The southeastern U.S. becomes warmer and drier than normal during a cold La NiГ±a episode.

Answer:
11. El Nino is closely related to global atmospheric oscillation known as the Northern Oscillation. Answer:
12. La NiГ±a represents the warm phase of the ENSO cycle and El Nino represents the cold phase of the ENSO cycle.
Answer:
13. NOAA's Climate Prediction Center declares the onset of an El NiГ±o episode when the 6–month average sea–surface temperature departure
exceeds 2.5 deg Celsius in the east–central equatorial Pacific.
Answer:
14. El NiГ±o and La NiГ±a episodes typically occur every 2–7 years. However, in the historical record this interval has varied from 3–5 years.
Answer:
15. El NiГ±o and La NiГ±a are

El Nino, La Nina and Hurricanes Essay
El Nino, La Nina and Hurricanes
How does the change in climate affect the frequency and the path of those powerful hurricanes and tropical storms in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic
Oceans? Global warming has a profound vast impact on the Earth. Besides landmasses, ocean is warmed unevenly. Additionally, unexpected changes in
ocean current will aggregate the uneven distribution of water temperatures along the globe. Warmer or cooler than normal sea surface temperatures
occur along the Tropical Pacific will provide good indications of the future climatic change. These weather scenarios are also known as El Nino, and La
Nina. They are indicated by the Southern Oscillation Index, which shows the prevailing winds in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The opposite holds too also. Recent El Nino occurred in 1983–84, 1987, 1991–94, 1997–98, and 2004. Recent La Nina occurred in 1989–90,
1999–2001 (NOAA). From the Southern Oscillation Chart, we can see that El Nino and La Nina is occurring more frequently and having a greater
intensity. Theoretically, El Nino will suppress growth, while La Nina will promote the growth of hurricanes. We will examine whether the theory holds
too by looking at the archive hurricane paths.
In 1997 and 2004, there were 29–33 tropical systems in the Pacific Ocean. Most of them curve to the north and six of them hit Japan, while the
Philippines was being hit only once in 1997. This year, Japan was hit eight times while the Philippines were only hit once. There were less hurricanes,
and they tended to curve north in El Nino year. In Atlantic, there were 8 hurricanes formed in 1997. None moved west to hit Texas or Mexico. In
2004, there were 13 hurricanes and 3 hit Florida. All Hurricanes made the curve to the north during El Nino. None hit the West Gulf Coast (Unisys).
In 1999–2001, the La Nina years, there were 16–18 tropical systems formed in the Atlantic. Two to five tropical systems hit the Western Gulf Coast. In
the Pacific, there were more than 33 tropical systems formed each year, while 5–8 tropical storms hit the Philippines. There were less systems hitting
Japan during El Nino years (Unisys).
Closing

Physics Of Oscillations In Physics
This report investigates resonance phenomena of driven damped simple harmonic oscillations by measuring accelerations and frequencies of an
oscillator. Since it turned out that oscillations with low damping have smaller errors than those with high damping, small damping cases are employed
to examine the resonance phenomena. Based on the Newton's 2nd Law cite{book}, the motion of oscillations can be modeled by the following
differential equation and its solution.
begin{equation} label{eq1}
ddot x+2gamma dot x+omega_{0}^{2} x=left(frac{F_{0}}{m}right)e^{iomega t}
end{equation}
begin{equation} label{eq2} x(omega)=frac{F_{0}/m}{omega_{0}^{2}–omega^{2}+2igammaomega}=A(omega)cos(omega t–phi)
end{equation}
Acceleration ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In total, 16 experimental data points have been taken after settling to each steady–state for various driven frequencies. The voltage data obtained in Lab
View is then converted to the acceleration data by multiplying its amplitudes by the slope of the two calibration points. Here, the voltage data is
calibrated with gravity only and with no acceleration. The slope is called calibration factor. Errors for accelerations are the calibration factor times the
error of the cursor measurements of Lab View, and that is the minimum difference Lab View can measure. Errors for the phase shifts are obtained by
equation ref{eq5} where (Delta fВҐ) is an error for the driven frequency derived from the variation in frequency displayed on the oscilloscope
cite{oscilloscope}, (t) is a time shift between the peak of the acceleration of the oscillator and the driven force, (Delta t) is an error for the time
derived from the grid square size in the Lab View waveform graph.
begin{equation} label{eq5}
Delta phi = phi sqrt{(frac{Delta f}{f})^{2}+(frac{Delta t}{t})^{2}}
end{equation}
At the beginning of the experiment, the natural frequency of the oscillator with neither the eddy currents nor driving force is observed as
(omega_{0} = 75.7 pm 0.1 ) rad/s or equivalently (f_{0} = 12.05 pm 0.01 ) Hz.
The result of the experiment is summarized in Figure ~ref{fg:A} and ~ref{fg:AandPhi}. The overall

Pendulum Lab
UNIVERSITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Point Lisas Campus, Esperanza Road, Brechin Castle, Couva, Trinidad, W.I.
Program: National Engineering Technician Diploma Course code: ENSC 110D Class: Petroleum Lab Title: Pendulum with a yielding support
Instructor: Mrs. Sharon Mohammed Full time Name: Kirn Johnson Student ID: 58605 Date: 28/10/2012 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This could be prevented if the person who is counting the oscillations also times them themselves.
Objectives 1. To conduct a lab experiment for the oscillations of a pendulum with a yielding support 2. investigate the simple pendulum 3. To prove that
the distance (m) is directly proportional to period.
Theory
Theory states that T and d are related by the equation: T2 = kd3+ (4ПЂ2 l)/g where g is the acceleration of free fall and k is a constant.
Apparatus and Material:
1.Stop clock
2.Hacksaw blade
3.String
4.Pendulum
5.Clamps holding blade
6.Table
Procedure/Method 1. The length of the string holding the bob was recorded
2. The time taken for the pendulum to complete 20 oscillations was found and recorded. 3. The position of the plate was adjusted and the previous
step was repeated 3 times for 6 different distances. 4. An average was found based on these 3 values. 5. Values for T2 and d3 were calculated.
Results/data

Analysis/ Discussion
The average was taken to increase accuracy = (31.50+31.47+31.44)3 = 94.413 = 31.47s
The time for one oscillation was found by dividing the amount of oscillations (20) done by the time taken for them= 31.4720 = 1.57s
The taking 2 points from the graph, (11.8 x 10–3, 2.45), (7 x 10–3, 2.36)
Gradient= y2– y1x2– x1

Hooke 's Law And Simple Harmonic Oscillations
College physics II Laboratory
Experiment 2
"Hooke 's law and simple harmonic oscillations" by Mohamed Omer
Lab Partners
Youssef Farlos
Roman Martinaz
Jhon Fanque
Date performed January 18, 2015
Introduction/ Abstract:
Simple harmonic motion is the study of oscillation. An object undergoes oscillation when it experiences a restoring force which restores this object to
equilibrium positon. The Simple harmonic oscillation occurs when the net force on an object along the direction of motion is proportional to the
object's displacement and in the opposite direction by this equation F = –kx. In addition, an object whose position–time graph makes a sine or cosine
function is in simple harmonic motion. This type of relation is called Hooke's law. The purpose of this experiment is to prove Hooke's law and study
Simple harmonic motion and to show that this equation T = 2 is valid during Simple harmonic motion.
Theory:
The relevant theoretical concepts and equations used in this experiment are:

T = 2
| E1 в€’ E2 |
E1 + E2
2
K=
Percent difference =
Experimental Procedure:
The Computer and sensor calibration along with equipment such as DIN plug, force sensor, rod, clamp, spring, sensor's hook, and hanger were all set
up already in the laboratory before we started doing the experiment.
Hooke's law
a)We used a meter stick to measure the position of the

Global Warming As Causes Of El Nino Southern Oscillation...
ESSAY PLAN
Global Warming As Causes Of El Nino–Southern Oscillation Phenomena
The advancements in various sectors in the life of human beings, which often exploit natural resources without control, directly or indirectly lead to
changes in the environment sustained effect unconsciously towards the emergence of a disaster. The other thing is the changes of natural phenomena
that occur periodically turned into irregular and even a negative effect on habitat and human life.
People unrealized that the way of our lives and conduct of our business lead into vulnerability. In this case into global warming, which potentially
create many problems more clearly. But the issue becomes complicated since the cause of global warming itself derived from industrial and
agricultural activities that give people prosperity and welfare standards of living (Philander, 2004).
One of the phenomena that direct and directly affect people's habitat and life is El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Based on Syamsuddin
(Syamsuddin, et al., 2013), El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can be defined as climate fluctuation in a large–scale pattern of the globe that
influence powerfully. While McPhaden (Meyers, et al., 2007) stated that ENSO is one of climate variability with a strong connection between the
atmosphere and the ocean in the Pacific equatorial. In a simple way ENSO can be concluded as a natural phenomenon caused by ocean–atmosphere
interactions. Furthermore, the ENSO cycle divided

The Effect Of Stimulating Brain Oscillations On Memory...
In recent years, a growing number of research has looked at the effects of stimulating brain oscillations on memory performance. Brain oscillations are
fluctuations in local field potentials, caused by the input of neurons in to a specific cell assembly (Hanslmayr, Staudigl, & Fellner, 2012). In response
to a stimulus, alpha (~10 Hz) and beta (~15–30 Hz) oscillation power decrease in activity, while theta (~4–7 Hz) and gamma (~40–100 Hz) oscillations
increase (Hanslmayr & Staudigl, 2014). The changes in oscillatory power evoked by a stimulus modulate synaptic plasticity, the basis of memory
formation (DГјzel, Penny, & Burgess, 2010).
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non–invasive brain stimulation technique used in the entrainment of cortical oscillations (Ali,
Sellers, & FrГ¶hlich, 2013). tACS induces extracellular voltage fluctuations that arise from neural activity via electrodes placed on the scalp (Jutras &
Buffalo, 2014). It allows the frequency and amplitude of oscillations to be alternated during stimulation, in a way that is less likely to entrain
oscillations other than the intended frequency, making it a more specific technique to use (Herrmann, Rach, Neuling, & StrГјber, 2013). The basic
assumption is that if oscillations are essential to a specific cognitive function, then using tACS to stimulate these oscillations should elicit that particular
function (Sejnowski & Paulsen, 2006). The current study will use tACS in order to monitor

The El Nino Southern Oscillation
Introduction
The El Nino Southern Oscillation is a large scale circulation of atmospheric and oceanic interactions. It is a natural climate phenomenon where the
tropical Pacific Ocean experiences higher than normal ocean temperature. The opposite, La Nina, refers to the unusual cooler than normal sea surface
temperatures. It gained its name "the Christ child" in Spanish ("the girl" for La Nina) because the characteristic is most obvious around Christmas
alone the western coast of South America where it was first discovered.
Originally, there is a thermocline where warmer water is transported to the central Pacific Ocean and deeper cold water upwells to the surface at eastern
Pacific Ocean. During El Nino years, the strength of the ocean and wind transport that causes the thermocline becomes weaker, causing the warmer
water to move backwards closer to the eastern Pacific Ocean. The warmer water can hold more nutrients which are better conditions for fishes that led
the fishermen to recognize this climate pattern. The tropical Pacific Ocean is divided into different regions for detail observation and forecasts. The
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) defines ENSO for five consecutive 3–month temperature average at El Nino region–3.4 to
warm at least 0.5 degrees Celsius (Cool at least 0.5 degree Celsius for La Nina) (Figure 1). ENSO not only changes the location of fishes, but also
affects local weather at various locations in the northern hemisphere;

The Complex And Interesting Optical Properties
1. Introduction
The complex and interesting optical properties can be shown clearly on Nanostructured metals the collective oscillations of the conduction electrons
termed plasmons lead to most striking phenomenon encountered in these structures are resonances . Plasmon modes exist in a number of geometries
and in various metals – most importantly in noble metals such as gold, copper and silver. Under certain circumstances plasmons are excited by light,
which leads to strong light scattering and absorption and an enhancement of the local electromagnetic field. In 1989, based upon calculations, Neeves
and Birnboim proposed that a composite spherical particle with a dielectric core and a metallic shell could produce SPR modes with a much ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The interest in plasmon modes dates back to the beginning of the 20th century, but recent advances in structuring, manipulating and observing on the
nanometer scale have revitalized this field even though these technological advances were at first driven by the increasing demand for a semiconductor
based integrated electronic components, optical applications are now receiving increasing attention. Guiding light in an integrated optical system and
interfacing with electronic components remain important challenges for research and development today. Nanostructures metals are believed to be one
of the key ingredients of such future optoelectronic devices.
1.1 Plasma
Plasma is a distinct phase of matter, separate from the traditional solids, liquids, and gases. It is a collection of charged particles that respond strongly
and collectively to electromagnetic fields, taking the form of gas–like clouds or ion beams. Since the particles in plasma are electrically charged
(generally by being stripped of electrons), it is frequently described as an "ionized gas."[1] so that the electrons and ions are separately free. When does
this ionization occur? When the temperature is hot enough.

What Makes El Nino?
El Nino is a phenomena that occurs when the ocean and the atmosphere collide. The warm atmosphere mixes with the water and creates a moisture
in the air creating a low pressure system. A high pressure system is created when the cold water reduces the air above it. During a low pressure
system the air becomes moist and can create severe tropical storms, on the other hand when there is a high pressure system the cold dry air goes back
down and takes away all of the moisture. When combined this can create a high and low pressure forcing the wind in the atmosphere to blow low and
the higher air blows higher, causing the ocean to react. The ocean is home to many things including an invisible boundary called the thermocline
which divides the warm mixed water on top and the cold calm water on the bottom. When there is a shallow thermocline this creates a small trace
of warm water, and a deep thermocline hints there 's a large amount of warm water. Because warm water takes up more space than cold water, the
sea level is higher when the thermocline is deep and lower when the thermocline is shallow. We are now aware of a phenomenon similar to El NiГ±o
called La NiГ±a, in which conditions are opposite to those of El NiГ±o. El Nino is a phenomena in which warm atmosphere mixes with the water and
creates a moisture in the air creating a low pressure system. The ocean is home to many things including an invisible boundary called the thermocline
which divides the warm mixed water on top and

High Frequency Traders : The Impact On Low Oscillation...
High Frequency Traders: The Impact on Low Frequency Traders and the Market
Until the Flash Crash in 2010, only few people were bothered by high frequency traders (HFT). As it has caught our attention, the damage HFT firms
could do to our market, people such as Michael Lewis have started questioning if HFT should be allowed to exist in the market in the first place.
Prospects of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) passing new regulations limiting these firms have become increasingly appealing to a
diverse group of brokers, investors and alike. In Present Shock Rushkoff criticizes that these firms (or algorithms) do not care about the businesses they
invest in and are more concerned in turning time into money. But HFT isn't a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using big data, these algorithms are designed to find patterns in stock data and information scattered over the internet in order to predict what stock
to buy or sell. An example is when a "Russian computer programmer who had worked for Goldman Sachs . . . was arrested by the FBI and charged
by the United States government with stealing Goldman Sachs's computer code" which could be used to "manipulate markets in unfair ways." (Lewis
1). This is probably because in the wrong hands, foreign countries or terrorists could find new way of assaulting the US. This already happened,
although perhaps not the result of stealing code, by a person named Navinder Singh Saroa, which resulted in the Flash Crash of 2010. By selling
E–Mini S&P futures a "few ticks higher than the best offer" by constantly updating his price to keep up with the market through an algorithm he
wrote, he managed to drive down the price (Levine) so that "'investors saw nearly $1 trillion of value erased from U.S. stocks in just minutes'" (qtd.
in Levine). The market returned relatively quickly back to normal, but the SEC failed to regulate or intervene with these type of exchanges in a
timely manner. That said, even legitimate HFT firms utilize illegal practices like quote stuffers (repeatedly creating and canceling orders so to slow
down opponents of all kinds), because at the speed they operate they can do it without the SEC from ever

Persuasive Speech About Autism
I cannot tell you the exact date, while I'm sure many parents are able to in this circumstance. I can only tell you it was in Spring and my now
10–year–old son, Nino, was 6 years old at the time. I sat in a room after my son's autism evaluation and heard the words, "Your son has autism. We
are diagnosing him at level 2." I would be lying if I said a tear didn't fall after those words, but not so much about getting "bad news", yet, certainly
one of those tears fell for that, but the others than came down my cheeks were tears of relief. We now knew what we were dealing with, it had a
name. My husband was more in disbelief, but accepted it, and admitted he wondered if there was a genetic link, looking back as his life with his
older brother. As we absorbed the news, we knew, how we communicated the diagnosis to our son would play a part in whether he could celebrate
who he was, and know how special he was, or if communicated incorrectly, he would feel as if there was something wrong with him. It would mean,
he would look at himself as flawed, and awkward, and of little value to society. In this paper, I will do my best to persuade you to embrace, and
celebrate such a moment like this in life. While Nino's eyes did not meet mine, a common occurrence with autistic individuals, he still heard my words,
and the words went something like this, "Hey Buddy, I've got something to tell you. We learned that you're autistic." Nino came back with a statement,
"That doesn't

An Analytical Expression For Electromechanical Oscillation...
пЂ
An Analytical Expression for Electromechanical Oscillation Frequency
Yongli Zhu, Student Member, IEEE, Kai Sun, Senior Member, IEEE
Abstract–In this letter, a mathematic proof and improvement of a classic result for multi–machine systems modal analysis is given considering
non–uniform damping and line resistance. An analytical formula is derived for the estimation of electromechanical oscillation frequency.Matrix theory
based proof is conducted via determinant simplification and matrix triangularization. A half size shrunken system matrix is obtained, which brings an
extra benefit of faster eigenvalue solving. The accuracy of the formula is validated against public available toolbox on two large power systems. the
results highlight the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1. With only the generator internal buses left, the system model is (under common system MVA base): Fig. 1. Reduced network of n
–machine system
where:
Mi=2Hi and D = diag (D1, D2, ..., Dn). Pei is expressed by: where, Gij+jBij=|Yij|пѓђпЃЎij is the element of the reduced nodal admittance matrix.
Then, linearizing the above equations around the equilibrium point gives: where, the n–by–n Jacobian matrix J is: Оґij0= Оґi0в€’О
ґj0, is the steady
state rotor angle difference between the ith and jth generator.
B. Analytic Eigenvalue Solution
Step–1: Determinant simplification From above section, the 2n–by–2n system matrix A is: the eigenvalues О» are the roots of the determinant
equation: where, I is the identity matrix and the property det(XT) = det(X) for any square matrix X is utilized.
Then the following matrix lemma will be utilized to obtain the analytic eigenvalue solution [3]: Lemma: For matrix , if , then: Obviously, the condition
holds for the bottom two block matrices in (6). (6) becomes (use det(XT) = det(X) again): Step–2: Approximate Matrix Triangularization
Theorem (Simultaneous Triangularization): A matrix set {A1, A2, ...An} can be simultaneously (upper) triangularized by a nonsingular matrix P if and
only if each commutator of the form AiAjв€’AjAi is nilpotent, i.e. п
Ђ¤ kпѓЋZ+, such that (AiAjв€’AjAi)k =O [4].
For set {I, M–1D, M–1J}, the above condition holds as long as T=(M–1D)(M–1J) в€’ (M
–1J)(M–1D)=[tij]

Determining The Gravity ( G ) On The Period ( T ) Of...
–Abstract:
The aim of the experiment was to determine the gravity (g) on the period (T) of oscillation pendulum has a simple harmonic motion (SHM). A
stopwatch was used to measure the time taken for 10 complete cycles, which called oscillations. The length of the pendulum was varied for fixed mass
and recorded in table 1. The output result for this experiment was agreed with the theory. The graph plotted and got R2=0.99, which was close to the
linearity 1.
–Introduction:
The motion repeats itself at regular intervals is called periodic, oscillation, or simple harmonic motion (SHM). The time taken of an object to moves
from the starting position and back to the original positions it's known as period (T). The frequency (f) related to the period (T) as F=1/T, which is
defined how many oscillation occurs in one second.
The acceleration is the distance and direction from the equilibrium position for any oscillation object.
The acceleration in any simple harmonic motion is opposite to the direction of the displacement, and it's proportional to the displacement from the
equilibrium. Breithaupt, J. (2010).
In this experiment the pendulum was oscillate until it's comes to the equilibrium position, this happened according to the gravity force, this force
always acts in a direction towards the equilibrium position, which is known as the restoring force.
The aim of this experiment is to determine a value for the gravitation (g) of a pendulum has an oscillation motion. By

Naadh Lab Report
A. )
The glycolytic enzyme produces NADH+ and carbon dioxide from pyruvate. The allosteric control of the glycolytic enzyme is controlled by the
amount of NADH produced.The NADH+ and carbon dioxide tricarboxylic acid cycle and become NADH+ and FAH2 The higher concentration of
NADH, will lead to more electrons being contributed to the electron transport cycle, increasing the hydrogen ion gradient across the inner
mitochondrial membrane, which would lead to an increased production of ATP. The increased production of ATP will cause the allosteric control
enzyme of both anaerobic glycolysis and the allosteric control of the tricarboxylic cycle. The slowing of ATP production will cause an increase in
ADP. This will allow allosteric control enzymes... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The higher concentration of NADH, will lead to more electrons being contributed to the mitochondrial electron transport cycle, increasing the
hydrogen ion gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which leads to a increase production of ATP synthesis by ATP synthetase. The
increased production of ATP will cause the allosteric control enzyme of both anaerobic glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, this will slow
down the production and cause ADP to increase. This will allow allosteric control enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle to be activated. This will
lead to oscillation due to the lag in the cycle. This large feedback loop is controlled by the ATP. This loop will cycle twice in order to create an
oscillation, one NADH reaches a maximum, the other NADH reaches a minimum. This causes the cell to create a negative feedback control to
decrease the enzyme, making more NADH, which lowers the production of ATP. Thus a higher the ADP, causing the cell to want to make more

Hurricanes And Climate Change : The Effects Of Climate Change
Hurricanes
According to CNN, in late August 2017, hurricane Harvey hit land causing $75 billion dollars' worth of damage and causing the deaths of 82
people as it tore through Texas with winds exceeding 130 mph and pouring 27 trillion gallons in less than a week. A week later hurricane Irma hit
the Caribbean as a category 5 storm devastating the islands with 125 mph winds and claiming the lives of 61 people before weakening over the Florida
coast. 10 days later hurricane Maria hits Dominica and Puerto Rico, also a category 5 storm. 70,000 people were evacuated as dams are feared to burst
and power was lost to the entire island of Puerto Rico. 60 people died ("2017 Atlantic Hurricane", 2017). Hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons play a
major role in coastal disasters and could prove even more disastrous with the effects of climate change. Hurricanes form as warm moist air begins to
rise over the sea surface and leaves a gap of low pressure underneath. High pressure air then fills this gap, heats up, and then rises again. This creates
the cyclonic action ("How Hurricanes Form", 2017). These types of events require a minimum sea surface temperature of 26.5 degrees Celsius, or
roughly 80 degrees Fahrenheit and a depth of at least 60m (Michener et al, 1997) and as the temperature increases globally as does the possible
effect on hurricanes. The Emergency Events Database (EED) shows that the frequency of hydrological natural disasters has more than quadrupled
since 1970 (Figure 1) and category 5 storm likelihood is said to double for every degree Celsius increase in global temperature (Lopez et al, 2015).
However, Figure 1 Global Frequency of Natural Disasters by Type (1970–2014) From: (Lopez et al. 2015)
due to the advent of satellite observation, data prior to 1981 was technologically limited (Walsh et al, 2012). Studies suggest that storm intensity could
increase from 2–11% by the end of the century as a result of greenhouse gas emissions but that the total number of cyclones is projected to drop by
6–34% (Knutson et al, 2010). It is suggested that the reason for this is that the requirements for cyclone formation will have an increased minimum in
sea surface temperature by model projection (Walsh et al,

Reaction Paper On Hooke's Law
"Take a simple idea and take it seriously"
–Charlie Munger, Vice–Chairman of Berkshire Hathaway
This quote taken from Charlie Munger, best describes the invention of the retractable pen. The mechanism behind the retraction and the extension of
a pen may appear straightforward but the impact it has made in people's lives is larger. As a student, I have to use a pen in my everyday work and
without it I cannot get any of my assignments done. In the process of using it, I always wonder how a simple spring within a pen, plays a major role
in the functioning of the pen. This led to my interest in finding out that the concept of Hooke's Law is responsible for this. The force created when the
end of a pen is pushed leads to the extension of the spring ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shows that which is inline with the definition of simple harmonic motion.
, where is a constant.
refers to angular frequency that is defined as and equates to .
The periodic time for simple harmonic motion is . Therefore the period of a mass–spring system is given by . In order to obtain a linear graph and
determine the spring constant from the gradient, the equation is squared. Hence,
The value in the above equation needs to take into account the mass of the spring as well. This mass would be taken be the effective load of the
spring. However, this value does not consider the whole spring mass but instead a smaller part of it. This is because the entire spring does not vibrate
with the same amplitude as the load. Hence, .
From this equation, the graph of against would be plotted. The gradient, , will be used to determine the spring constant and the y–intercept, to
determine the .
Experimental Design
Determining Displacement of

EcuadorвЂ™s Economy: Oil and Agriculture, Overdependence Essay
Ecuador's Economy: Oil and Agriculture, Overdependence
One of the main features of Ecuador 's economy is its dependence on only a few key export commodities, most importantly oil and bananas. Oil
accounts for approximately 40% of the export economy, while bananas are responsible for about 17%, and Ecuador is the largest producer of bananas
in the world. The rest of the economy is mostly based on less important agricultural exports, such as shrimp and flowers, which account for 6% and
4% of exports respectively. Ecuador is almost completely reliant on the success of these few industries, particularly oil, and so has suffered through a
cycle of boom and bust economies over the past several decades, since oil was discovered in the 1970s. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
El Nino and Recession
The El Nino Southern Oscillation, or simply El Nino, has hit Ecuador with devastating effect a number of times over the past t we nty–five years. The
1982–83 El Nino cause over $650 million in damage, and was the cause of 600 deaths, wreaking havoc on Ecuador 's agricultural industries especially.
Most recently, the El Nino of 1997–98 battered Ecuador, causing $2.65 billion worth of damage. This El Nino is considered to be one of the biggest
ever, and the floods and torrential downpours that struck Ecuador again crippled the agricultural industries, including the important banana industry. In
addition, parts of the SOTE pipeline we re damaged, and along with a global depression in oil prices Ecuador 's economy was thrown into a tailspin.
During 1999 and the first years of the new millennium, Ecuador experienced its worst economic downturn since the depression era of the 1930s.
Ecuador 's GDP fell by 30% in 1999 alone, and per capita income fell by 30% as we ll, leaving over 70% of Ecuador 's 12.4 million people living in
poverty. This recession caused a monetary crisis which saw the value of the sucre, Ecuador 's currency, fall by 70% in 1999 and 2000. In order to
stop the free fall of the sucre, and curb the attendant rampant inflation, the government was forced to dollarize their currency, or peg it to the American
dollar. All of this economic instability led to the first military coup in Latin America in ten years, as President

Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are of the most extreme and dangerous weather phenomena on Earth. In the United States, landfalling TCs account for an
average of $10 billion damages annually (Pielke et al. 2008). Hurricane Katrina (2005) alone caused $81 billion of damages and took more than 1,800
lives away. In developing countries, TC landfalls can be extremely detrimental. For example, Cyclone Nargis (2008) took more than 130,000 lives in
Myanmer (Burma) . Due to the catastrophic nature of TCs, substantial efforts have been devoted to short–term predictions of TC track and intensity in
an effort to minimize the damages and casualties. In recent years, the relationship between TC activity and climate change has attracted strong attentions
in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At intraseasonal (30–90 day) scale, the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO, Madden and Julian 1972) has substantial impacts upon retional TC activities
in multiple basins; Indian Oceans (Hall et al. 2001, Bessafi and Wheeler 2006), western North Pacific (e.g., Liebmann et al. 1994), eastern North
Pacific (e.g., Maloney and Hartmann 2000a), and Gulf of Mexico (Maloney and Hartmann 2000b). Association of these modes of variabilities to TC
activity has contributed to substantial increase of understanding in long–term variation of TC activities in different regions. It is also true that the
modulations of seasonal to interannual variations of TC activities by these modes of variability complicate the separation of natural variabilities and
climate change signal. Recent studies have identified some emerging trends in regional TC activities. Using observed TC track data, Webster et al.
(2005) reported increasing trends in intense (Category 4+ in the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale) TCs in all TC basins. North Atlantic TC activity over
the past 30–years has particularly attracted strong interest in part due to the availability of more reliable observed TC track data (discussed later in the
chapter) and the noted increasing trends both in frequency and intensity. Increase of North Atlantic intense storms is reflected to the increasing trend of
the overall destructiveness of hurricanes, as measured by the

Physiology Lab 3 Activity 2 Essay
1) Make a graph of resting heart rates from Activity 1. Provide a physiological explanation for fluctuations in resting heart rate over time. Discuss a
couple of extrinsic factors that influence the autonomic nervous regulation of resting heart rate.
The resting heart rate fluctuates over time because it is under control of the autonomic nervous system and the fluctuations are a result of the
sympathetic and parasympathetic systems trying to balance each other out.
There are many reasons on why the resting heart rate can fluctuate over time. Factors can include things like the temperature of the room we were in,
or what we ate/ drank for breakfast. Also volume of liquid or chemicals in the cell can impact the heart rate.
2) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Homeostatic is all about balance so when you begin to exercise, you need more oxygen. The harder you breathe the more energy it takes to replace it.
Your body temperature while exercising also increases; typically it creates too much heat so your body has to figure out a way to release the heat so it
doesn't become dangerous. This is done by sweating
4) Compare and contrast oscillations in heart rate observed at rest (Activity 1), during exercise and recovery exercise (Activity 2). Is the relative
magnitude of the oscillations the same? Provide a physiological explanation in your answer.
In the first experiment I was subject 2. For the most part my heart rate did not oscillate too much. My heart rate was a little slower than the other
subjects as well. Compared to Activity 2, his oscillations while exercising were a little more dramatic. The reason for this could be that your heart is
trying to adjust to the new physically taxing activity that you are enduring. Your body is trying to balance, but if it is thrown into a demanding activity
it will take a little bit more adjusting than if you are just resting.
5) Describe how the normal range for any given measurement is obtained. Explain why published values for normal ranges may differ and why these
values must be continually checked and updated.
There really is no "ideal" reading for any measurement, it really just varies depending on your diet

Short-period Oscillations in Super-Soft Novae
The Super Soft Source (SSS) phase of novae is the last major evolutionary phase during which the hottest layers closest to the surface of the white
dwarf can be observed until the hydrogen content of the accreted material is consumed or ejected. The X–ray and UV evolution of novae during their
outbursts has been determined using
Swift monitoring observations. Deeper, continuous XMM–Newton and
Chandra observations have been taken, guided by the long–term evolution determined by Swift. The time when bright SSS emission becomes visible,
the turn–on time of the SSS phase, depends on the evolution of the nova ejecta. Accurate predictions are currently not possible from evolutionary
models, but empirical scaling relations have recently been derived from population studies (Henze et al. 2013;
Schwarz et al. 2011). Their predictive power is not yet well established, and Swift is still needed to study the X–ray evolution of individual novae and
to guide deeper X–ray observations.
The first Swift monitoring campaign of a nova was performed during the 2006 outburst of the recurrent nova RSOph, and Osborne et al. (2006) found
short–period oscillations around
35 s in some but not all X–ray observations taken during the SSS phase. This transient signal in RSOph has been studied in more detail by Osborne et
al. (2011). The period was first seen on day 32.9 after outburst and last detected on day 58.8, consistent with the onset into the decline. Independent
evidence for this period was

Examples Of A Forced Oscillator
The steam engine is a perfect example of a forced oscillator as the piston oscillates back and forth. The steam engine is a forced oscillator as it is a
heavily dampened system that has a force to counter the resistance and keep the piston moving at a constant oscillation until the force is removed from
the system.
Due to the steam engine being quite heavily damped this oscillator will just simply stop without a force to compensate for the resistance within this
system. But this force also has to be applied at the perfect time as it will have no or little affect if it is applied at the wrong time so timing has to be
taken into account and the size of the force also has to be just enough to overcome the resistance to either accelerate the piston or to keep it a constant
velocity. The force though has to be equal to resistance to keep the piston moving at a constant velocity and to increase the velocity of the piston the
force will have to be greater than the resistance in the system, but to decrease the velocity of the piston the force will have to be less than the resistance
in the system. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So if there is no resistance this system could act like simple harmonic motion, but there is resistance in the system which means without the force it
is a damped system and because of this force it has to be classified as a forced oscillator. So all of these forces act have to act in perfect harmony to
keep the oscillating motion going or else this oscillator will no act like a forced oscillator and will act like a damped oscillator or a simple harmonic

The Problem Of Climate Change
There are millions of planets that has the possibility to sustain life on a planet, but not a single one we know of like earth. fermi paradox says there
are things called life barriers and there are certain barriers that have "filters". filters only let the smartest lifeforms through them if they are real. They
state electricity and earth or ourselves evolution are huge barriers that was destroyed. If an asteroid hit the earth or nuclear warfare happens it is a
huge reason we have lost. According to the fermi paradox we either pass this wall (barrier) or not. I have my conclusion of why we will fail, it is
because humans are selfish, hard headed, fool mined incompetent beings. Climate change is the barrier that we don 't really have any research on. El
ninos and la ninas are the cause. To know El NiГ±o, you need to know the intercoarse between the ocean and the atmosphere. Warm ocean surface
water currents heats and adds moistness to the air above it, forming a low pressure system. Cool surface water cools the air above it, forming a high
pressure system . In a Low, the warm, moist air produces tropical thunderstorms. In a High, cool, parched air sinks back to the surface and there is no
precipitation. Together, the High and Low create a circulation pattern in which surface winds blow toward the Low and higher–level winds rushes
toward the High. An El nino come from the spanish word little boy. It was found by fisherman by the coast of south america in the 1600s

Investigating The Investigation Minerals Show Raman Bands...
3. Results The investigated minerals show Raman bands between 375 and 50 cm–1 (Figs. 1–4, Table 1), where the cut–off value of the employed
Raman notch and edge filters determine the low–energy limit. The Raman bands in the boulangerite spectra occur in the vibrational region between
375 and 50 cm–1 (Fig. 1, Table 1), with no additional bands in higher or lower wavenumber regions. Boulangerite spectra are characterized by a very
strong band at 335 cm–1 and reveal thirteen strong, medium, weak to very weak bands (Fig. 1). For jamesonite spectra (Figs. 2, Table 1), the bands
occur in the spectral region between 375 and 50 cm–1 with no additional bands at higher wavenumber regions. Jamesonite Raman spectra are
characterized by a very intense band at 326 cm–1 and strong bands at 277, 236 and 173 cm–1 (Fig. 2). Band fitting of the jamesonite spectra reveals
eighteen very strong to very weak bands and shoulders (Fig. 2). In robinsonite, the bands occur between 350 and 50 cm–1 with no additional bands in
lower or higher vibrational regions (Figs. 3, Table 1). The robinsonite spectra are characterized by a very strong band at 209 cm–1. Two wavenumber
regions can be easily distinguished in the robinsonite spectra. In the first region (350 – 275 cm–1), five sharp distinct strong to weak bands are readily
observed (Fig. 3). In the region below 275 cm–1, eleven very strong to weak bands occur (Fig. 3). A band fitting reveals all together 16 bands (Table
1). Figure 4 shows the Raman

Descriptives Of El Nino
El nino is a temporary change in climate in the pacific ocean,in the region around the equator.You can see Typically,the ocean surface warms up by a
few degrees celsius.
El NiГ±o is a climate cycle in the Pacific Ocean with a global impact on weather patterns. The cycle begins when warm water in the western tropical
Pacific Ocean shifts eastward along the equator toward the coast of South America
Normally, this warm water pools near Indonesia and the Philippines. During an El NiГ±o, the Pacific's warmest surface waters sit offshore of
northwestern South America.
Forecasters declare an official El NiГ±o when they see both ocean temperatures and rainfall from storms veer to the east. Experts also look for
prevailing trade winds to weaken and even reverse direction during the El NiГ±o climate phenomenon. These changes set up a feedback loop between
the atmosphere and the ocean that boosts El NiГ±o conditions. The El NiГ±o forecast for 2015 is expected to be one of the strongest on record,
according to Mike Halpert, the deputy director of the Climate Prediction Center, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
"We don't want to see just the warming in the ocean. We want to see the atmosphere above the ocean respond to the changes," said Michelle
L'Heureux, a climate scientist and lead for the El NiГ±o forecasting team at the Climate Prediction Center.
The location of tropical storms shifts eastward during an El NiГ±o because atmospheric moisture is

Environmental Effects On Marine Iguana
Abstract The El Nino is a major factor of the climatic change and disturbance that has a global effect. El Nino Impacts the dynamic of ecosystem
worldwide, Recent studies predicts that human generated rises in greenhouse gas levels will have a huge impact on the strength and the frequency
of El Nino warming events. These studies are a main aspect that sparked up many scientists to focus on the ecological implication of El Nino on
different organisms and how El Nino is effecting these organisms. This was a reason why many studies were done to have a full understanding of
what really El Nino is? Also, few of these studies were focused on how to measure the impact of these processes on genetic diversity in an ecosystem.
there was one study that mainly focused on the genetic impacts of El Nino on the marine Iguana in the Galapagos islands. Here in this review, the first
portion was to have a full understanding of El Nino and how its actual happen and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then the second part was to know the history, major facts, and a background about Marine Iguanas. The last and the main part was the impacts of
El Nino on the marine Iguanas in the Galapagos Islands. Marine Iguanas are ectothermic animals that means they depend mainly on outside
temperature to regulate their body temperature. Since Marine Iguana are Ectothermic made it a very special species to test on how El Nino effect
other organisms. Marine Iguanas are dramatically effected by El Nino due to the severity of the event. The body size of the marine Iguana was a
main factor because the bigger the body the better the survival rate. The body size is effected by the change of temperature, the higher the
temperature the bigger the body size and it can increase Marine Iguanas Population, and this was another prove that El Nino effects Marine Iguana
genetically. After all is that El Nino events have a big impact of other organisms and it was proven by the marine Iguanas because their bodies are very
sensitive to

Factors Affecting The Cell And Anaerobic Glycolysis
A. NADH is an electron transporter that shuttles electrons from substrates to the mitochondrial electron transport chain. how might allosteric
control of glycolytic enzymes be used as a mechanism that could create oscillations in NADH? (5 pts) The glycolytic enzyme produces two
molecules of ATP and NADH from pyruvate. The allosteric control of the glycolytic enzyme are controlled by the amount of NADH produced. The
higher concentration of NADH, will lead to more electrons being contributed to the electron transport cycle, increasing the hydrogen ion gradient,
which leads to a increase production of ATP. The increased production of ATP will cause the allosteric control enzyme to slow down the production
and cause ADP to increase. This will allow allosteric control enzymes to oscillate due to the lag in the cycle. This large feedback loop is controlled
by the ATP. This loop will cycle twice in order to create an oscillation, one NADAH reaches a maximum, the other NADH reaches a minimum. B. Why
might this control mechanism involve both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis? Cytoplasmic NADH and. mitochondrial NADH: Which would show
greater swings in oxidation–reduction state and why? Propose a way in which you could experimentally observe this. (5 pts) This control mechanism
may involve both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis because they were in in parallel and in the same way. They both involve the same product of ATP,
which then can be controlled by

A New Version Of The Portable Forced Oscillation Technique

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