This document provides a timeline of key developments in neuroimaging and brain imaging technologies from 1900 to 2020. Some of the earliest developments include Wilhelm Röntgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895, the first use of radiotracers by B. Cassen in 1949-1951, and Hans Berger's invention of electroencephalography (EEG) in 1929. Important later developments include the proposal and first use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by Paul Lauterbur in 1973, the discovery of the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) effect by Seiji Ogawa in 1990, which enabled functional MRI (fMRI), and the first functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)

1. A History of
Neuro/Brain imaging
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
↓初の脳機能計測(局所脳血流の画像化） L Sokoloff(1961)
(CT)/SPECT/PET
MRI/fMRI
NIRS/fNIRS
EEG
MEG
↓ジョセフソン効果 Josephson, B.D(1962)
↓X線写真 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen(1896)
↓直線走査の放射性核種スキャナ B.Cassen(1949,1951)
↓X線の発見 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen(1895)
↓BOLD効果の発見 小川誠二(1990)
BOLD効果を用いたヒト一次視覚野の計測(fMRI)
↓小川誠二(1992)
↓放射能の発見 Antoine Henri Becquerel(1896)
↓心磁計測(初の生体磁気計測) G.Bauleら(1963)
↓初の脳磁計測 Cohen, Davidら(1968)
↓SQUIDによる心磁計測 Cohen, Davidら(1970)
↓ヒト用SPECTの開発(MarkII~) Kuhl and Edwards(1959~)
↓EEG計測 Berger, H(1929)
↓SQUIDによる脳磁場計測 Cohen, Davidら(1972)
↓ X線CT特許、発売 G.N.Hounsfield(1968,72)
↓ヒト用PET(PET III)の開発
Ter-Pogossian MM. Phelps ME, Hoffman EJら(1975)
↓MRIの提案 Paul Lauterbur(1973)
NMR信号の発見Felix Bloch,
Edward Mills Purcell(1940年代)
↓
↓近赤外光による脳計測提案 JÖbsis, F.F.(1977)
↓商用NIRS 浜松フォトニクス(1989)
↓超電導センサ研究所 日本(1990～)
↓First fNIRS study
Chance, Kato, Hoshi(1991,1992)
↓10-20法 Jasper, Herbert H(1958)
↓超電導の発見 Kamerlingh Onnes, H(1911)
神経活動
・神経細胞の代謝（特に糖代謝）
・神経細胞の酸化/還元ヘモグロビン反応（酸素）
・神経細胞の活動電位に起因する電気活動
大脳新皮質における感覚・運動野の局在
Penfield, Wilder, and Edwin Boldrey(1937)↓
Related topic
↓SQUID Jaklevicら(1964,65)
↓SQUIDの作成 Silver and Zimmerman (1965)

2. 参考文献
• Berger, Hans. "Über das elektrenkephalogramm des menschen." European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical
Neuroscience 87.1 (1929): 527-570.
• Jasper, Herbert H. "The ten twenty electrode system of the international federation." Electroencephalography and
Clinical Neuroph siology 10 (1958): 371-375.
• Hari, Riitta, and Riitta Salmelin. "Magnetoencephalography: from SQUIDs to neuroscience: Neuroimage 20th
anniversary special edition." Neuroimage 61.2 (2012): 386-396.
• Phelps, Michael E., et al. "Application of annihilation coincidence detection to transaxial reconstruction tomography."
Journal of Nuclear Medicine 16.3 (1975): 210-224.
• Abraham, Tony, and Janine Feng. "Evolution of brain imaging instrumentation." Seminars in nuclear medicine. Vol. 41.
No. 3. WB Saunders, 2011.
• 中田力. "ニューロイメージングの最前線." 日本内科学会雑誌 94.6 (2005): 1172-1182.
– 1961 Sokoloffによる脳機能イメージングについて記載
• Lauterbur, P. C. "Image formation by induced local interactions: examples employing nuclear magnetic resonance."
(1973): 190-191.
• Ogawa, Seiji, et al. "Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation." Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences 87.24 (1990): 9868-9872.
• Ferrari, Marco, and Valentina Quaresima. "A brief review on the history of human functional near-infrared
spectroscopy (fNIRS) development and fields of application." Neuroimage 63.2 (2012): 921-935.
• Jobsis, Frans F. "Noninvasive, infrared monitoring of cerebral and myocardial oxygen sufficiency and circulatory
parameters." Science 198.4323 (1977): 1264-1267.
• Penfield, Wilder, and Edwin Boldrey. "Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as
studied by electrical stimulation." Brain: A journal of neurology (1937).
• Superconductivity : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivity
• SQUID : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQUID