Running head: PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS 1 PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS 11 Sharron Chambers Psychiatric Diagnosis Psychopathology PSY 645 Dr. Jennifer Weniger October 23, 2017 Psychiatric Diagnosis Explain psychological concepts in the patient’s presentation using professional terminology. Brain and behavior are the psychological concepts used by the patient. The concept of the brain is related to the ability of the brain function to affect the sleeping routine and norms of a person (Kennedy, 2013). When it comes to the behaviors, it is apparent that the symptoms have changed the behaviors of the person in one way or another. Identify symptoms and behaviors exhibited by the patient in the chosen case study. a) Lack of sleep b) Weakness c) Daytime fatigue d) Neck weakness Match the identified symptoms to potential disorders in a diagnostic manual. a) Lack of sleep control Lack of sleep is one of the symptoms depicted by the patient. Lack of sleep is directly related to sleeping disorder regardless of the cause. b) Weakness Weakness is one of the symptoms that the patient talks about. When the body is not given enough rest, it becomes weak. The body needs time to convert what it has to energy (Kennedy, 2013). The activities that human beings engage in usually exhaust the body and it is therefore important to give the body a rest. Lack of sleep hinders one from giving the body a rest thus affecting the conversion of energy which leads to a weak body. c) Neck weakness The neck of a human being plays a pivotal role. When the body is not given enough rest, the neck becomes weak (Kennedy, 2013). Therefore, looking at the symptoms, it is apparent that they are connected to a sleeping disorder. d) Daytime fatigue A human being should sleep at night for him or her to be productive at during the day. When he or she does not do so, it is apparent that the body will not be in a good position to be effective. Propose a diagnosis based on the patient’s symptoms and the criteria listed for the disorder(s) in the diagnostic manual. Before conducting a diagnosis, it is important to know what the patient is suffering from. The reason why there is a conversation as well a session between the patient and the doctor is for the patient to explain the symptoms of his or her condition (Kennedy, 2013). Explaining the conditions helps the doctor to relate the symptoms to a potential illness or condition. By looking at the symptoms provided by the patient, in this case, it is apparent that the patient is suffering from a sleeping disorder. Therefore, the diagnosis that will take place, in this case, will be in line with the sleeping disorder. The following diagnosis will be the most effective for a sleeping disorder. a) Polysomnography Polysomnography is a test that is one of the most effective diagnosis strategies when it comes to sleeping disorders. The test is effective because of three different reasons. The first reason is that the test tri ...

1. Running head: PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS
1
PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS
11
Sharron Chambers
Psychiatric Diagnosis
Psychopathology PSY 645
Dr. Jennifer Weniger
October 23, 2017
Psychiatric Diagnosis
Explain psychological concepts in the patient’s presentation
using professional terminology.
Brain and behavior are the psychological concepts used by the
patient. The concept of the brain is related to the ability of the
brain function to affect the sleeping routine and norms of a
person (Kennedy, 2013). When it comes to the behaviors, it is
apparent that the symptoms have changed the behaviors of the
person in one way or another.
Identify symptoms and behaviors exhibited by the patient in the
chosen case study.
a) Lack of sleep
b) Weakness
c) Daytime fatigue

2. d) Neck weakness
Match the identified symptoms to potential disorders in a
diagnostic manual.
a) Lack of sleep control
Lack of sleep is one of the symptoms depicted by the patient.
Lack of sleep is directly related to sleeping disorder regardless
of the cause.
b) Weakness
Weakness is one of the symptoms that the patient talks about.
When the body is not given enough rest, it becomes weak. The
body needs time to convert what it has to energy (Kennedy,
2013). The activities that human beings engage in usually
exhaust the body and it is therefore important to give the body a
rest. Lack of sleep hinders one from giving the body a rest thus
affecting the conversion of energy which leads to a weak body.
c) Neck weakness
The neck of a human being plays a pivotal role. When the body
is not given enough rest, the neck becomes weak (Kennedy,
2013). Therefore, looking at the symptoms, it is apparent that
they are connected to a sleeping disorder.
d) Daytime fatigue
A human being should sleep at night for him or her to be
productive at during the day. When he or she does not do so, it
is apparent that the body will not be in a good position to be
effective.

3. Propose a diagnosis based on the patient’s symptoms and the
criteria listed for the disorder(s) in the diagnostic manual.
Before conducting a diagnosis, it is important to know what the
patient is suffering from. The reason why there is a
conversation as well a session between the patient and the
doctor is for the patient to explain the symptoms of his or her
condition (Kennedy, 2013). Explaining the conditions helps the
doctor to relate the symptoms to a potential illness or condition.
By looking at the symptoms provided by the patient, in this
case, it is apparent that the patient is suffering from a sleeping
disorder. Therefore, the diagnosis that will take place, in this
case, will be in line with the sleeping disorder. The following
diagnosis will be the most effective for a sleeping disorder.
a) Polysomnography
Polysomnography is a test that is one of the most effective
diagnosis strategies when it comes to sleeping disorders. The
test is effective because of three different reasons. The first
reason is that the test tries to look at body oxygen levels. The
body of a human being must get enough oxygen for it to be fully
functional. Failure to that, the person undergoes difficulties in
his or her day to day activities.
The second reason; the test looks at the body movements of the
person. The body movements affect the functions of the patient.
When the functions of the body are affected by the body
movement, it is easy for the person to experience a sleeping
disorder. Thirdly, the test also looks at the brain waves (Nathan
& Gorman, 2015). The activities of the human brain affect the
sleeping order of a human being and therefore, in the case of
any problem in the brain, then that might be one of the causes
of the condition. One of the most outstanding characteristics of
the diagnosis is that it relates the three different tests to the
problem of the patient. With this in mind, it is apparent that it

4. would be difficult to miss the cause of the disorder.
Analyze and explain how the patient meets criteria for the
disorder(s) according to the patient’s symptoms and the criteria
outlined in the diagnostic manual.
In the medical field, a diagnosis is supposed to lead the doctor
to the specific illness or disorder that the patient is struggling
with. However, it is paramount to know that some symptoms are
common in many diseases (Nathan & Gorman, 2015). For
example, a person experiencing body weaknesses might be
suffering from fatigue, stress and so forth. Therefore, the need
to look at more than just one symptom comes in handy. In the
case of the patient, there was more than one symptom which
indicated that the patient might be suffering from the disorder.
The patient experienced irregular sleeping patterns, weakness,
and fatigue. By looking at the symptoms, it is apparent that
their unison in the same patient showed that the patient was
possibly suffering from a sleeping disorder.
Justify the use of the chosen diagnostic manual (i.e., Why was
this manual chosen over others?).
The manual has been used by the others for one good reason,
and that is its inclusion of different and effective test methods
(Nathan & Gorman, 2015). Other methods are effective but not
as diverse as the chosen one. When a diagnosis method involves
different tests, it is apparent that its possibilities of failing are
slim. With this in mind, it is wise to use is if one is interested in
acquiring results which cannot be questioned.
Summarize general views of the diagnosis from multiple
theoretical orientations and historical perspectives. Include a
discussion on comorbidity if the diagnosis includes more than
one disorder.

5. The diagnosis looks includes the tests of three different
functions of the body. A sleeping disorder can sometimes be
caused by another disorder. It is therefore important to utilize
more than one test. Looking at the diagnosis, it is apparent that
it is not only able to detect the sleeping disorder, but through
the simultaneous tests, it can detect any other condition that a
patient may be suffering from (Nathan & Gorman, 2015). For
example, by using the oxygen level tests in the body, one can
identify any other condition that may be related to the blood
circulation system or the functions of the heart. Therefore, the
diagnosis selected can deal with more than one disorder.
Evaluate symptoms within the context of an appropriate
theoretical orientation for this diagnosis
The symptoms depicted and explained by the patient were
influenced by behaviors and beliefs to a certain extent. Looking
at the way the patient presented the case to the doctor, it is
apparent that he believed that he was going through a more
serious problem (Nathan & Gorman, 2015). The symptoms led
to the patient opening up, and it is therefore clear that the
patient believed that he needed some help.
Use at least two peer-reviewed articles to assess the validity of
this diagnosis, and describe who is most likely to have the
diagnosis
Overnight Polysomnography versus Respiratory Polygraphy in
the Diagnosis of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea
The validity of the diagnosis seems to be unquestionable. The
diagnosis can be used on any given patient (Tan et al. 2014).
However, it is only used when the case of the patient proves to
be getting serious, and other diagnosis strategies are not
effective in identifying a disorder. When it comes to sex or
social class, it is apparent that the diagnosis is effective and not

6. selective. There are some public hospitals which use the
diagnosis, and some of them do not charge a lot, and that
eliminates the financial barrier.
Polysomnography in Australia—Trends in Provision
When a nation utilizes a specific method of treatment, it is
apparent that the method is valid. The diagnosis is one of the
most effective diagnoses when it comes to the issue of mental
problems (Marshall et al. 2007). The diagnosis is not selective
as well because it can be used to determine the case of any
person with the symptoms that might be depicting a mental
disorder.
Provide a brief evaluation of the scientific merit of these peer-
reviewed sources in the validity assessment.
The two articles have different scientific merits. When it comes
to the first article, it has not only talked about the diagnosis,
but it has compared the diagnosis with another method. In
science, a comparison is one of the aspects that help the
researchers to identify the most effective results. It is apparent
that the results of comparison try to show the best method that
should be used and knowing the best helps in eliminating a
clinical threat. The healthcare practitioners rely on the findings
made by the researchers.
The first article highlights the merits of using the diagnosis.
Therefore, the article has a scientific merit of being more
informative and helpful to the healthcare practitioners. When it
comes to the second article, there are numerous scientific merits
(Mindell & Owens, 2015). One of the merits is related to the
trend of the diagnosis. The authors have stated the trends of the
diagnosis in Australia. By so doing, one can know how
regularly the diagnosis is utilized.

7. When a method or diagnosis is rarely utilized, it is apparent that
it might be expensive or not effective like the others (American
Psychiatric Association, 2013). However, when the trend shows
that the diagnosis is regularly used, it is apparent that the
diagnosis is favorable as compared to others. With such
findings, one is helped to make the suitable choice when it
comes to utilizing the diagnosis. In healthcare, the information
about the performance of a specific method is significant. The
reason behind it is that the knowledge does not only guide the
healthcare practitioners, but it also guides the researchers on
how to make the diagnosis better or to identify a better
alternative.
Summarize the risk factors
Research shows that there are numerous and dangerous risks
associated with the diagnosis. The reason behind it is the way
the diagnosis is carried out (Mindell & Owens, 2015). The
diagnosis is painless. The only risk is associated with the
process of attaching the test sensors to the skin. The skin
becomes itchy though it is a condition that does not last a long
time.
Compare evidence-based and non-evidence-based treatment
options for the diagnosis.
Evidence-based treatment for the disorder involves activities
and medications which help in making the condition of the
patient better. Some of the methods of treatment are having
enough sleep, avoiding stressful chores as well as interactions,
having a continuous sleeping plan, and relaxing before sleeping
(American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Some of the non-
evidence treatment methods are sleeping with the lights off,

8. avoiding a noisy environment, not eating a lot before sleep and
avoiding frightening movies before sleep. Looking at the two
types of treatments, it is apparent that both offer a solution to
the problem.
Evaluate well-established treatments for the diagnosis, and
describe the likelihood of success or possible outcomes for each
treatment.
a) Programmed sleep
When one has fixed, and programmed time to sleep and wake
up, it becomes easy to get enough and uninterrupted sleep, and
that eliminates the problem (Sheldon et al. 2014). With this in
mind, it is apparent that the treatment is effective.
b) Avoiding stress
Stress is one of the causes of the sleeping disorder. Dealing
with the cause is the most appropriate way of eliminating a
problem.
Annotated Bibliography
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of mental disorders
(DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.
American Psychiatric Association emphasizes the need to first
diagnose a condition before authorizing or advice of any form
of treatment. The source is of help to the practitioners in the
healthcare sector because it gives them more insight on what to
do in the case of a person who approaches them with a mental
disorder. When it comes to the patients, the source has a
scientific importance of informing the patients more about the
effective diagnosis and the need to seek medical help before

9. taking any medication or choosing to use any form of treatment.
Kennedy, P. G. (2013). Clinical features, diagnosis, and
treatment of African human trypanosomiasis (sleeping
sickness). The Lancet Neurology, 12(2), 186-194.
The author does not only focus on the problem but also focuses
on how to identify the problem. As a result, it becomes easier
for the patients to observe and notice if they are suffering from
the problem or not thus having an impact on the population
health.
Mindell, J. A., & Owens, J. A. (2015). A clinical guide to
pediatric sleep: diagnosis and
management of sleep problems. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
The source has two significant and helpful scientific merits. The
first merit is associated with talking more about sleep disorders
where the authors try to explain what it is and the possible
causes. The second merit is related to dealing with the problem
where the authors try to explain to the patients how they can
deal with the problem and contain it at its earliest stage.
Nathan, P. E., & Gorman, J. M. (Eds.). (2015). A guide to
treatments that work. Oxford
University Press.
The scientific merit of the source is the way the author
highlights most of the treatments used in the disorders and
analyzes them one by one. By analyzing the treatments, it
becomes easier for the healthcare practitioners as well as the
patients to identify some of the most effective methods of
treatment. Therefore, it is apparent that the source helps in
awareness as well as enhanced ability to identify and choose the
most effective treatment methods.
Sheldon, S. H., Kryger, M. H., Ferber, R., & Gozal, D.

10. (2014). Principles and Practice of
Pediatric Sleep Medicine E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
The source is beneficial mostly to the healthcare practitioners.
The authors try to expound on the sleeping disorder from
different aspects. The source helps the healthcare practitioners
to have a better understanding on how the issue of a sleeping
disorder can be dealt with both at the hospital and in the lives
of the patients who might be affected.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of mental disorders
(DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.
Kennedy, P. G. (2013). Clinical features, diagnosis, and
treatment of African human
trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). The Lancet
Neurology, 12(2), 186-194.
Mindell, J. A., & Owens, J. A. (2015). A clinical guide to
pediatric sleep: diagnosis and
management of sleep problems. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Nathan, P. E., & Gorman, J. M. (Eds.). (2015). A guide to
treatments that work. Oxford
University Press.
Sheldon, S. H., Kryger, M. H., Ferber, R., & Gozal, D.
(2014). Principles and Practice of
Pediatric Sleep Medicine E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Tan, H., Gozal, D., Ramirez, H., Bandla, H., & Gozal, L.
(2014). Overnight Polysomnography
versus Respiratory Polygraphy in the Diagnosis of Pediatric
Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
NCBI. 37(2): 255-260.

11. Marshall, N., Wilsmore, B., McEvoy, R., Wheatley, J., Dodd,
M., & Grunstein, R. (2007).
Polysomnography in Australia—Trends in Provision. NCBI.
3(3): 281-284.