Running head: BARRIER TO ECONOMIC STABILITY 1 Taiyuan Mei Caitlin Kirkley English 1A November 19，2018 Inequality as Barrier to U.S Economic Stability Inequality has become a pressing concern since many people including economists feel that it causes economic harm. It affects economic stability and growth by undermining education opportunities to those from poor backgrounds, hindering skills development and lowering social mobility. It obstructs productive investment and limits an economy’s productive and consumptive capacity. The poor people tend to spend more of their income to meet their basic needs. Lower income means lower consumption resulting to a weaker economy. Also, too much spending means there is little left to be saved by such persons yet we know savings are the base for economic growth in the long term. Too much spending among low-income earners obstructs investments that play a significant role in economic growth. Economic growth is hindered by inequality that causes gaps between the poor and the rich. In fact, inequality plays a crucial role in economic growth and stability. Inequality is the biggest barrier to economic stability in the U.S because it leads to higher spending hampering investment. Inequality, in particular, income inequality seems to have worsened significantly in the U.S since 1980s. It has led to “secular stagnation” meaning that the economy is decreasing in value that it may not easily recover from (Hiltzik). The U.S economic growth and projected future growth seems to be getting worse over time. In fact, the U.S economic growth averaged 2% only since 2013. The situation worsened because there was meager growth in the pre-recession period. Secular stagnation exists though people have different perspectives on its causes and remedies. Some argue that it is caused by an increase in income inequality, slowdown of technological advances that facilitate productivity and lack of investment in infrastructure. Others feel that slow rates of innovation and invention essential for facilitating human productivity contribute to the stagnation being witnessed for centuries. Some recommendations to improve the situation include the government increasing public investment and reducing structural barrier to private investment. This will show its commitment to maintain spending power and reducing inequality thus redistribute income to lower and middle income households (Hiltzik). The rising income inequality continues to exist both in good and bad times in the U.S. It is considered a historical norm since it has been experienced from the past and is likely to continue in the future. The U.S government fails to take adequate measures such as increase incomes for the poor and middle class to alter inequality like it has done in making childbirth safe for women. The incomes and assets of the rich continue to rise rapidly compared to those of the middle and low class. The rich spend some of their incomes and focus on more .

1. Running head: BARRIER TO ECONOMIC STABILITY 1
Taiyuan Mei
Caitlin Kirkley
English 1A
November 19，2018
Inequality as Barrier to U.S Economic Stability
Inequality has become a pressing concern since many people
including economists feel that it causes economic harm. It
affects economic stability and growth by undermining education
opportunities to those from poor backgrounds, hindering skills
development and lowering social mobility. It obstructs
productive investment and limits an economy’s productive and
consumptive capacity. The poor people tend to spend more of
their income to meet their basic needs. Lower income means
lower consumption resulting to a weaker economy. Also, too
much spending means there is little left to be saved by such
persons yet we know savings are the base for economic growth
in the long term. Too much spending among low-income earners
obstructs investments that play a significant role in economic
growth. Economic growth is hindered by inequality that causes
gaps between the poor and the rich. In fact, inequality plays a
crucial role in economic growth and stability. Inequality is the
biggest barrier to economic stability in the U.S because it leads
to higher spending hampering investment.
Inequality, in particular, income inequality seems to have
worsened significantly in the U.S since 1980s. It has led to
“secular stagnation” meaning that the economy is decreasing in
value that it may not easily recover from (Hiltzik). The U.S
economic growth and projected future growth seems to be
getting worse over time. In fact, the U.S economic growth
averaged 2% only since 2013. The situation worsened because

2. there was meager growth in the pre-recession period. Secular
stagnation exists though people have different perspectives on
its causes and remedies. Some argue that it is caused by an
increase in income inequality, slowdown of technological
advances that facilitate productivity and lack of investment in
infrastructure. Others feel that slow rates of innovation and
invention essential for facilitating human productivity
contribute to the stagnation being witnessed for centuries. Some
recommendations to improve the situation include the
government increasing public investment and reducing
structural barrier to private investment. This will show its
commitment to maintain spending power and reducing
inequality thus redistribute income to lower and middle income
households (Hiltzik).
The rising income inequality continues to exist both in good and
bad times in the U.S. It is considered a historical norm since it
has been experienced from the past and is likely to continue in
the future. The U.S government fails to take adequate measures
such as increase incomes for the poor and middle class to alter
inequality like it has done in making childbirth safe for women.
The incomes and assets of the rich continue to rise rapidly
compared to those of the middle and low class. The rich spend
some of their incomes and focus on more investment while the
poor have little to spend and lack investments. For instance,
larger farmers will make more money than small farmers. They
will earn more profit and buy more capital that in return bring
them more profits. On the hand, the small farmer might find it
difficult to expand his farm because of small profits some of
which he could be using to pay debts (Leonhardt 544). This will
hinder him from investing slowing down economic growth.
The rich earn enough allowing them to save and make
investments. Investments whether small are associated with
positive return. This positive return facilitates economic
growth. This trend continues over years with the few rich
persons contributing to economic development. There could be
faster economic development if the low and middle income

3. earners had something to save and invest. If the current
economic development is facilitated by the few rich, what could
it be at if the middle and low income earners were also at a
position to contribute to it? Unfortunately, they continue to
struggle with the income inequality that exists. They continue to
spend most if not all they earn to meet their basic needs. This
hinders them from investing and enjoying the positive returns
from their investments. This hinders them from facilitating
economic development through investments. This trend can be
stopped by emulating policies that have helped other counties
have their middle-class earners earn better incomes in the recent
years. The U.S can attack inequality by looking at tax wealth,
taxation of the poor and middle income earners, financing of
schools and infrastructure such as roads and transit systems
(Leonhardt 546). This should help improve on economic growth.
Rising inequality tends to reduce income growth and in return
slow economic growth. Crises too like the Great Recession also
contributed to the slow economic growth. The historic recession
in the late 2007 significantly affected the U.S economy. It led
to increased household debt-income ratio that led to collapse of
household spending. The rise in inequality seems to have
dragged expenditure growth since the Great Recession holding
back recovery (Cynamon & Fazzari). Since expenditure is
among the major drivers of economic growth, dragging
expenditure growth means dragging economic growth.
Economic growth is influenced by income inequality.
Investigating the relationship between income inequality and
economic growth changes over time helps illustrate the impact
income inequality has on economic growth from the past. It
illustrates a negative effect on inequality on economic growth.
However, analysis and comparison of time periods 1970-1985
and 1985-1999 fails to illustrate a statistically significant
relationship between income inequality and economic growth.
There exists a negative association between income inequality
and growth though the effect is not adverse (Binatli).
By the mid-nineties, empirical research suggested that there

4. existed a negative effect of income inequality on economic
growth. Some researchers like MacDonald and Majeed
illustrated that there existed a robust association between
income inequality and economic growth on their analysis on
GDP from 1970 to 2008. They argued that the poor lack the
opportunity to exploit returns on growth that is essential for
continued economic growth. However, a quality test performed
on available data investigating growth income inequality failed
to illustrate a significant relationship on income inequality and
economic growth (Binatli). This does not mean that inequality
does not affect economic growth, only that their research
findings suggest that the association is weak.
According to (Samimi & Jenatabadi) income level of a country
could be affecting growth of the country. The authors identify
economic globalization as a factor significantly impacting
economic growth of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
countries. High and middle-income countries benefit from
globalization that directly promotes growth and through
complementary reforms. Globalization affects growth through
diffusion of technology, effective allocation of resources and
improvement in factor productivity. The U.S is one country with
good technology that facilitates production. It embraces
globalization that promotes economic growth. However, unequal
allocation of resources and income distribution are some factors
hindering it from economic stability and growth.
As much as inequality contributes significantly to economic
growth, it is not the biggest factor influencing economic
growth. Factors like education, infrastructure and innovation
contribute significantly to economic stability and growth
(Samimi & Jenatabadi). Lack of progress in these areas hinders
economic growth. For instance, lack of innovation could hinder
maximum productivity in companies negatively affecting
economic growth. Poor infrastructure in some areas could
hinder flow of goods and development hindering economic
growth. These are some factors that should be analyzed into
depth since they tend to influence economic growth. However,

5. the U.S is an innovative country with good infrastructure
meaning that these are some major but not the biggest factors
influencing economic growth. The U.S should focus on
strategies like income redistribution and establishing stricter
income-equalizing policies to promote growth.
Uneven distribution of resources in the U.S is a major challenge
to economic growth. In fact, inequality that exists in the country
seems to be the biggest barrier to economic stability because it
leads to higher spending hampering investment. The middle and
low income earners who have a significant percentage in the
country’s total population have little to save. Their low salaries
and wages are mostly used to satisfy needs leaving them with
nothing or little to save. They may lack money to investment
and earn profits like the rich persons. Since they constitute a
significant percentage of the U.S total population, lack on
investment from them is impactful on economic development of
the country. They spend much and invest too little if any.
Inequality can be addressed through policies to ensure that
people from all classes positively contribute to economic
development.
Works Cited
Binatli, Ayla Ogus. "Growth and Income Inequality: A
Comparative Analysis." Economics
Research International (2012): doi.org/10.1155/2012/569890.
Cynamon, Barry, Z., & Steven M. Fazzari. "Inequality, the
Great Recession and slow recovery."
Cambridge Journal of Economics (2015): 40(2): 373–399.
Hiltzik, Michael. "Is U.S. stuck in secular slump?" 05
November 2014. Los Angeles Times.
<https://search-proquest-
com.ezp.pasadena.edu/docview/1619820387?accountid=28371>.
Leonhardt, David. "Inequality Has Been Going On Forever ...
but That Doesn’t Mean It’s
Inevitable." They Say / I Say: the Moves That Matter in
Academic Writing with Readings. W. W. Norton & Company,

6. 2018..
Samimi, Parisa & Hashima Salarzadeh Jenatabadi.
"Globalization and Economic Growth:
Empirical Evidence on the Role of Complementarities." PLOS
ONE (2014): doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087824.
Topic: Yulu Public Relations
Link : https://yulupr.com/
Identify the organization (manufacturing, service, government,
import/export, etc)
Identify human relations theory, communication issues,
intercultural relationships, and ethics as they relate to your
organization.
Explain your role in the organization, if any.
The research report will determine 40 points towards the final
grade for the course.
The written integrative case analysis should be:
typed, double-spaced, a minimum of ten (10) pages and a
maximum of fifteen (15) pages.
use MLA format.
Do Not use Wikipedia as a resource.
Presentation paper will be accompanied by a 10- minute oral
presentation on a business topic to be agreed upon with
instructor.
1 page, typed, double-spaced DRAFT of Integrative Case

7. Analysis (see schedule)
Remember to use the RULE of 3. Three (3) theories or concepts
and three (3) examples of each theory or concept in the analysis
of the case. Clearly you cannot address all of the theories or
concepts identified in the text – suggest selecting 3 theories or
concepts which relate to your case and then provide 3 examples
of how the theory or concept applies to the case
Individual 10 minute oral PowerPoint presentation.
Written and oral report will determine 40% of a student’s final
grade for the course. (see individual presentation rating sheet)
Overview of paper
Cover Page
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
Human Relations Theory
Communication issues
Intercultural
Ethics
Conclusion
Works Cited
Written Analysis will include all of the information on the
Rating sheet. The structure of the written assignment is as
follows:
Cover Page … with the name of your topic, a list of the students
presenting the topic, the date and the course name
The Table of Contents which is a listing of the topics the
written paper will cover
The Executive Summary outlines the observations of the

8. organization. The Executive Summary is the first section of the
paper however it is the last section to be written.
The reason for writing this section last is that you need to have
written the entire document so that you are able to identify the
key ideas the reader expects in the paper.
REMEMBER the Executive Summary is for the EXECUTIVE.
This means it needs to attract the Executive to either read the
rest of the document or, more likely, refer the document to the
appropriate staff person to read e.g. marketing, production,
legal, etc.
This section can be as long as 1 pages and is clearly longer than
a paragraph.
The Body of the written analysis will feature those theories or
concepts attached to the case (see the Excel Worksheet for this
information).
Introduction Overview of organization
The Introduction section begins to describe the case study and
the issues that cause the analysis to begin.
Type of Organization – vertical, horizontal, etc.
Organizational Chart
THE HUMAN Relations Theory
Zaremba ch 2 Taylor/ Fayol /Hawthorne / McGregor /Maslow
Zaremba ch 3 Peters and Waterman / Systems / Critical/
Feminism
THE COMMUNICATIONS ISSUES

9. Time & Distance/Business Etiquette (Guffy Ch11)
/communication culture (Ch 7 Zaremba)
/Teamwork/Crisis Management (Ch 10 Zaremba 3rd edition)
THE INTERCULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS
(Ch 11 Zaremba and Guffy Ch 1) High context or low context
culture/barriers/ overcoming barriers
ETHICS ISSUES
Zaremba Ch 4 Employing Ethical Yardsticks: Four Rulers for
Consideration and Strategic Ambiguity
The conclusion represents the 3 key ideas you want the audience
to remember as the result of your analysis.
Works Cited Page contains all of the resources you are using to
understand the case and the text(s) where you retrieved the
theories or concepts.
Remember to check the rating sheet:
To ensure you have included all of the Organizational
requirements
The content section rates how the paper is written with the
focus on the theories or concepts required for your topic and if
there were 3 case examples for each theory or concept.
Remember the information in the written analysis should be
presented in the PowerPoint or Prezi; that is bot documents
should mirror each other.
See Course Information for ICA support documents.

10. Grammar and style. Papers must be written in proper English.
Avoid colloquialisms, slang, contractions, sexist language, etc.
Good grammar and appropriate style are essential; papers using
poor grammar and style will lose points. Write in a narrative
style; third person probably will be best, but use "I" when you
refer to your thoughts, interpretations, observations, opinions,
etc.
GET WRITING HELP IF YOU NEED IT -- AS SOON AS YOU
CAN!!
Use appropriate transitions so that your narrative "flows"
smoothly from one idea to the next. Clear, short sentences are
always better than long, convoluted ones.
Proofreading. Proofread your paper before turning it in,
especially to catch typographical errors. Better yet, exchange
papers with someone in the class so that you can point out
confusing parts or problems with mechanics and style in each
other's paper.
Also, before you turn it in, make a photocopy of your paper.
This protects you against the inadvertent loss, theft, or
plagiarism of your paper.
Visual aids.
The visual portion of the collaborative assignment will include
all of the information on the Rating sheet.
Ten (10) slides is the rule of thumb which works out to about 1
minute oral for each slide. The visual presentation should
include the following information:
Slide 1: is a cover page should list the title of your case, the
team members, the course and the quarter & year you are taking

11. the course
Slide e2 is a Table of Contents or a list of information your
team plans to present in the following slides
Slides 3 is an overview of the case
Slides 4 through 9 features the theories or concepts and 3
examples of how each theory or concept applies to the case.
Slide 10 should list the conclusion --- the 3 KEY points you
want the audience to REMEMBER
Slide 11 should be your works cited page, a reference listing of
where you culled the information in your presentation
Unlike the written analysis the visuals should use key words to
showcase the theories or concepts required for your topic and
the 3 examples for each theory or concept.
Remember you also need a 1 to 2 minute YouTube video link
about your topic as part of your PowerPoint or Prezi
presentation.
Remember the information in the PowerPoint or Prezi should be
presented in the written analysis; that is both documents should
mirror each other.
Oral Presentation
Your presentation should include these elements:
An Cover Page of what you will be discussing include:
Your name
Company analyzed

12. Date and name of course
Table of Contents = a list of topics you will be discussing
Introduction = brief background of company
Body of Presentation.
Human Relations Theory
Communication issues
Intercultural
Ethics
Include similar "real world' situations from your personal
experiences, as applicable.
Focus on the relative theories per frame
Remember to use the rule of 3 (3 examples per theory/concept)
A Conclusion should include:
Restate an overview of three (3) of your key findings.
Your opinion regarding success of company and/or
recommendations for improvement
Details
The time limit is 10 minutes. (Option in person OR Video)
You should rehearse the presentation with the clock running, at
least 2-3 times.
Remember the main part of your presentation is the how the
company fits into the various theories.
Spend a little time on the background (who/what/where is the

13. business/ nonprofit/government)
Remind the class of the three (3) important concepts as
discussed in class; NO NEED TO RESTATE THEORY … give
examples of how the theory/concept applies to your
company/organization
Submit your ICA presentation PowerPoint or Prezi to the
Discussions Forum.
Email the written analysis to [email protected].
If you are using Google Docs or YouTube, etc. …. Remember to
give me permission to open the documents or video.
Course Link : /course information/overview of Course/overview
of course/ ICA overview.
SAMPLE Executive Summary
The organization selected is Cool Sonic International, Inc.,
which operates its headquarters in California and a subsidiary in
Australia. The company produces automotive audio amplifiers
designed to be placed in the door compartments and the rear
deck thereby providing space in the dash for other components
i.e. GPS, cell phone, computer, DVD, etc.
The human relations model is based on a combination of
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs and McGregor’s Y Theory.
Although each department has specific tasks, the overall
approach focuses on the goals of the organization and the
variety of methods to reach each of the goals. The engineering
and marketing departments have the greatest flexibility in
determining the approach to completing their projects. The
Controller is required to follow certain federal, state, local, and
business requirements, which limits their flexibility and yet the
team appears to enjoy their jobs.

14. Communication is a major issue as the time zones are not the
same. California is half way through its work day before
Australia begins working, and it is the next day for Australia.
The “tyranny-of-distance” is overcome with frequent emails and
teleconferences, with occasional in-country visits.
There are intercultural issues. Culturally there is a clash
between the marketing department in the USA and engineering
department in Australia. The USA pace is faster than the
Australians which tends to be “NO WORRIES MATE!”
Ethically the company has some trust concerns. The
headquarter company is structured separately from the
subsidiary, which is located in Australia, with each company
complying with separate federal, state, and local regulations.
Although the Chair and the President are represented on each
Board of Directors, there is uneasiness with the relationship.
All of the departments recognize the objective of the company
is to produce an audio amplifier which supports the next
generation sound system. Cool Sonic International, Inc.
continues to strive to build a Class D audio amplifier for the
automotive industry.
IntegrativeCase Analysis
SAMPLE Executive Summary
The organization selected is Cool Sonic International, Inc.,
which operates its headquarters in California and a subsidiary in
Australia. The company produces automotive audio amplifiers
designed to be placed in the door compartments and the rear
deck thereby providing space in the dash for other components
i.e. GPS, cell phone, computer, DVD, etc.

15. Introduction
The human relations model is based on a combination of
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs and McGregor’s Y Theory.
Although each department has specific tasks the overall
approach focuses on the goals of the organization and the
variety of methods to reach each of the goals. The engineering
and marketing departments have the greatest flexibility in
determining the approach to completing their projects. The
Controller is required to follow certain federal, state, local, and
business requirements which requires limits their flexibility and
yet the team appears to enjoy their jobs.
Human Relations Theory
Communication is a major issue as the time zones are not the
same. California is half way through its work day before
Australia begins working and it is the next day for Australia.
The “tyranny-of-distance” is overcome with frequent emails and
teleconferences, with occasional in-country visits.
Communication issues
There are intercultural issues. Culturally there is a clash
between the marketing department in the USA and engineering
department in Australia. The USA pace is faster than the
Australians which tends to be “NO WORRIES MATE!”
Intercultural
Ethically the company has some trust concerns. The
headquarter company is structured separately from the
subsidiary, which is located in Australia, with each company
complying with separate federal, state, and local regulations.
Although the Chair and the President are represented on each
Board of Directors, there is uneasiness with the relationship.

16. Ethics
All of the departments recognize the objective of the company
is to produce an audio amplifier which supports the next
generation sound system. Cool Sonic International, Inc.
continues to strive to build a Class D audio amplifier for the
automotive industry.
Summary
EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR MGMT- CASE REPORT
(Dr. Jeanne King Developed Most of the Evaluative Criteria
Listed Below)
CATEGORY
INADEQUATE
POOR
FAIR
GOOD
Overall Organization of the Integrative Case Report
The paper is disorganized; information is presented in an
arbitrary or almost random order; paragraphs contain unrelated
ideas; subheadings are missing or too brief to describe the
issues discussed in the subsections.
The paper is not consistently organized; some information is out
of place and interferes with the logical flow of ideas;
paragraphs tend to contain unrelated topics or too long;
subheadings are missing or too brief to describe the related
subsection.
Information is organized overall; most paragraphs are well-
constructed with only a few deviations from the man point;
subheadings are appropriate overall, although a few may be too
brief to describe all issues related to the subsection...
The paper is very well organized overall; paragraphs have topic
sentences and are well-constructed; sentences address only
issues relevant to each paragraph; subheadings are appropriately

17. descriptive of the related subsection.
Paper Requirements
The paper is too brief to cover the topics assigned; the content
does not reflect the scope of assignment or some topics are
missing entirely.
The paper should be longer; it includes too few concepts/issues;
there is insufficient discussion of concepts, problems and
solution; some topics are missing.
The paper satisfies or exceeds length requirements but lacks
thorough discussion of relevant concepts, problem and solution.
The paper satisfies or exceeds length requirements and satisfies
or exceeds requirements for the content of the paper.
Introduction
There is no clear introduction alerting the reader to the overall
structure of the paper or issues to be addressed
The introduction presents a few main issues but it is too brief to
adequately preview the entire paper; it lacks originality and is
highly similar to the text of the course readings.
The introduction states the most of the main issues to be
discussed throughout the paper; its length is acceptable; intro is
in the author’s own words.
The introduction states the main issues, previews all topics
discussed throughout the paper in sufficient detail, and is
clearly written in the author’s words.
Organizational Context
The organizational background is brief and incomplete, or
longer than two pages.
The organizational background is descriptive and satisfactory
but could include some fundamental concepts to help the reader
understand the analysis to come.
The organizational background contains most details and
concepts needed to understand the organization and the analysis
that follows.
The organizational background is complete, informative, and
prepares the reader for the analysis to come.
Reframing Problem/ Issue

18. Discussion of issue or problem for reframing analysis is not
included or unclear.
The problem presented could be developed in a way more
suitable for a reframing analysis.
The problem used in the reframing analysis could be more
detailed with respect to the person(s) involved (including the
author) as well as the place, time, and situation.
The problem is clearly suitable for a reframing analysis and is
highly detailed with respect to the person(s) involved (including
the author) as well as the place, time, and situation.
Description of Problem
The problem is reported with no or only a few facts or details
and/or is dominated by strong personal speculations about why
it occurred.
Problem report needs to include more facts or details to be
complete; statements of personal feelings or thoughts about why
it occurred need to be removed.
Problem description is reported factually in terms of what
anyone might have observed but needs more development.
Problem report and the facts and details leading to it are clear;
objective, and complete.
Transitions
Logical transitions between ideas/topics/paragraphs are unclear
or nonexistent; paragraphs lack topic sentences, or opening
sentences use conversational language or slang
A few transitions work well, few use only brief, incomplete
subheadings not followed by a related topic sentence starting
the next paragraph. Connections between
ideas/topics/paragraphs are unclear, informal or use slang.
Most transitions show how ideas/topics/paragraphs are
connected, but a few use only brief, incomplete sub headings
not followed by a related topic sentence starting the next
paragraph. A few transitions are unclear, too informal or use
slang.
A variety of thoughtful transitions are used in the form of topic
sentences for each paragraph. They introduce and expand on

19. the content of the subheading; transitions clearly show how
ideas/topics/paragraphs are connected throughout the paper.
Conclusions
There is no obvious conclusion; the paper just ends.
There is a concluding paragraph but it merely repeats the
introduction without tying together topics discussed throughout
the paper; again the writing is highly similar to phrasing in the
readings
There is concluding paragraphs which summarizes or tie
together all topics addressed throughout the paper.
The conclusion is strong, summarizes or ties together most or
all topics, and leaves the reader feeling he/she understands the
most important points of the paper.
Accuracy and Application
None of the course concepts/principles/theories are identified
by name in the paper; the ideas are used without being defined
or applied accurately or completely
A few of the course concepts/principles/theories are identified
by name in the paper; but most are used without being defined
or applied accurately or completely.
Many of the course concepts/principles/theories are identified
by name in the paper; but some are used without being defined
or applied accurately or completely.
All/almost all of the course concepts/principles/theories are
identified by name in the paper, and all/almost all are defined
and applied accurately.
Reference Sources Cited
No reference citations are integrated in the text of the paper or
listed in a reference page.
A few citations are used and listed; citation styles are
inconsistent.
Most citations are integrated in the text and listed in a reference
page; citation style is generally acceptable
All/almost all citations are used and listed; citation style is
consistent and generally acceptable.
Grammar & Syntax

20. The paper contains too many grammatical, spelling, and/or
punctuation errors to count (or correct); thus the content of the
paper is very difficult to understand. Campus writing assistance
and proofreading is strongly encouraged.
The paper contains numerous grammatical, spelling, and/or
punctuation errors and cannot all be individually corrected; this
makes the content of the paper more difficult to understand.
Campus writing assistance and proofreading is strongly
encouraged
The paper contains only a few grammatical, spelling, and/or
punctuation errors – some examples have been corrected – but
still needs improvement. Proofreading and a mechanics check
by a friend or tutor will improve your skills further.
The paper contains virtually no grammatical/spelling/ and/or
punctuation errors; it demonstrates excellent command of
English writing fundamentals.
Clarity and Integration
All/most all sentences sound unnatural when read aloud because
they may be awkwardly constructed, repetitive, use too much
jargon or slang, are too long or fragmented or cannot be
understood. This paper should be read orally to someone before
submitting it.
Most sentences sound rather unnatural when read aloud because
they may be awkwardly constructed, repetitive, use too much
jargon or slang, are too long or fragmented, or cannot be
understood. This paper should be read orally to someone before
submitting it.
Most sentences sound natural when read aloud, are
understandable, and the paper’s style flows reasonably well.
The paper should be read to someone to catch the small number
of awkward or difficult to understand sentences.
All/almost all sentences are like natural speech when read aloud
and virtually all are clearly understandable. The paper flows
smoothly and is easy to grasp its ideas and enjoyable to read
and evaluate.
Formatting

21. The paper is not formatted according to standards and the paper
also may have an unprofessional appearance.
Several formatting problems are present; the paper could also
have a more professional appearance.
Only a few formatting problems exist; on the whole, the paper
is also professionally presented
Virtually no formatting problems exist, and the paper is
professionally presented.
Mgmt 350 Individual Presentation Rating
Form_________________
Part 1. Written content and organization of the presentation.
(22 points)
Content (8
points)
Meets guidelines:
1/3 covers background information &
2/3 covers case decision/conclusions/ implications
Majority of case focuses on case decision.
Reviews only important points needed to make decisions;
assumes audience is familiar with reading.
Makes clear the most important points/concepts.
Presentation is clear, concise, and precise
Quality of visual aids (8
points)

22. Visual aids enhance the presentation. (GRAPHICS and
Organization chart)
Video (1-2 minutes)
Material highlights main points; uses outline format.
Avoid long, complicated, complete sentences; text is not copied
verbatim (3 examples per concept/theory)
Presentation was distinctive and different from the other class
presentations
Logo on each page
Conclusion (3 key concepts)
Your opinion and/or recommendations
Works Cited
Organization of written material (6
points)
Presentation is clear, consistent and well organized.
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction (Org chart/type org)
Body
Conclusion (3 key concepts)

23. Your Opinion and/or recommendations
Works Cited
Complete written summary of information submitted
Written report
PowerPoint
Part II. Delivery of the presentation and visual aids. (18
points)
Preparation and timing (4 points)
Presentation flows smoothly; evidence of sufficient rehearsal.
Presentation is not so brief as to omit important material;
presenter does not run out of time or rush to finish on time.
Delivery (6 points)
Speaks loudly and clearly.
Avoids speaking in monotone; varies inflection.
Demonstrates enthusiasm and interest in topic.
Does not read directly from material on screen or notes.
Dressed for SUCCESS and posture.

24. Eye Contact (6 points)
Presenter maintains good eye contact with all members of the
audience
Presenter speaks with little or no notes or screen during most of
the presentation
Presenter speaks to entire audience not the screen or one place
or person in room.
Other (2 point)
Engage Audience
Audience is able to refer to slides while focusing attention on
speakers.
Audience is politely listening. (NO CELL PHONES ETC.)
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
TOTAL POINTS _______
Human Relations
Communication
Intercultural
Ethics

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