The document discusses the history of conflict between the United States and Iran over the past four decades. It provides background information on Iran such as its government structure and religion. It also summarizes the negotiations that led to the Iran Nuclear Deal in 2015, under which Iran agreed to restrictions and inspections on its nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief. The document further outlines the military tensions between the two countries over control of the Strait of Hormuz, including various incidents where they have clashed over Gulf shipping lanes.