This document discusses adjectival clauses, which are dependent clauses that modify nouns and pronouns. Adjectival clauses contain a subject and predicate but cannot stand alone as a sentence. Relative pronouns like which, that, who, whose, and whom or relative adverbs like after, before, when, or where are used to introduce the adjectival clause. Examples are provided to illustrate adjectival clauses introduced by relative pronouns and relative adverbs.