Unilateral Neglect Case Study

Unilateral Neglect Case Study
The case study my classmates and I studied was the case of Mrs. S who was suffering from
unilateral neglect. According to our textbook, Psychology of Brain Injury, unilateral neglect is a
more of a broad name for this disorder (p. 208). Neglect is also referred to as hemineglect,
visuospatial or hemispatial agnosia, and visuospatial or hemispaial in attention (Zillmer, Spiers, &
Culbertson, 2008, p. 208). There is no strict definition to unilateral neglect in our textbook, however,
it is characterized by a patient's inability to recognize or acknowledge the opposite, or contralateral,
side of the their body and their world. Unilateral neglect most commonly occurs after someone has
suffered a stroke, most commonly in the right parietal lobe, ... Show more content on
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S did show some of the standard symptoms, however, she did not show all common symptoms seen
in patients with unilateral neglect. Some other common symptoms are patients colliding with other
people and objects on their left side, having reading difficulties, trouble drawing pictures, and
trouble dressing their left side (Zillmer, Spiers, & Culbertson, 2008, p. 210). In some cases the
patient does not recognize their left side as their own body. The patient my act as if their left arm
and leg non existent. This is the reason that many thought there was, originally, damage to the motor
or sensory systems (Zillmer, Spiers, & Culbertson, 2008). However, through testing, researchers
have found that the patient, in fact, does still have feeling in his or her arm and leg (Zillmer, Spiers,
& Culbertson, 2008). The patient is still capable of moving her limbs and feeling pain, but due to
her disorder cannot process the stimuli at the level of awareness (Zillmer, Spiers, & Culbertson,
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Hemineglect
Hemineglect also known as unilateral spatial neglect, hemispatial neglect, hemi–inattention,
hemisensory, parietal neglect or spatial neglect (Kerkhoff, 2000), is a condition in which patients are
unable to attend and respond to the contralesional side of space (Dijkerman, Webling, ter Wal,
Groet, & van Zandvoort, 2003). Hemineglect is characterized by the lack of spatial awareness, most
commonly on the left hemispace (Parton & Malhotra & Husain, 2004). The most common form of
hemineglect, is that of patients who have right hemisphere lesions commonly found to damage the
'where' pathway, most commonly after a stroke. These kinds of patients tend to neglect the left hand
side of space (Driver & Mattingley, 1998). Although it is not ... Show more content on
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PA is considered to be a restitutional treatment approach as it facilitates the mechanisms of recovery.
In theory its main aim is to attempt to alter the damaged function within the brain, that allow for
visual attention. Prism Adaptation is a treatment introduced under the theoretical account of a
representational model of hemineglect. A representational model of hemineglect is a model in which
suggests that there certain brain functions that control both visual imaging and perception (Ogden,
2005). A representational model takes into account that the spatial representation of the patients'
contralesional side of space is damaged or distorted (Pouget, Sejnowski, 2001). There is damage to
the way in which the patient internalizes a map of space in relation to where they are and what is
around them (Tilikete, et al., 2001). The method of prism adaptation is relatively simple. Although
you cannot control all the confounding variables, that underlie each individual patient, there is a
standard framework of how prism adaptation occurs. A procedure for a PA treatment begins with a
pre–test, to establish a baseline performance; then an active exposure to prismatic goggles to
produce an adaptation in vision; and then lastly a post–test to see if there is any after adaptation
persistent after using the goggles (Redding et al, 2005). An example of a PA treatment is through the
works of Rossetti et al. (1998). Rossetti and his team began with a series

Schizophrenia Stigmas, Causes and Brain Activity...
Schizophrenia Stigmas, Causes and Brain Activity Differences
Contrary to popular belief, Schizophrenia is not a mental health disorder but a psychotic based
disorder, in which those affected often experience psychosis. Those experiencing psychosis are
known to lose touch with reality; this loss often results in delusions and/or hallucinations. This leads
one to ask: what are the social stigmas, plausible causes and brain activity differences related to
schizophrenia?
Background
Schizophrenia is broken down into 4 subtypes: Paranoid–type, Disorganized–type,
Undifferentiated–type, and Residual–type (Goldberg, 2013). Paranoid–type Schizophrenia is the
most well known type, and is often seen as the stereotypical view of Schizophrenia. ... Show more
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Psychiatrist D. Fuller Torrey, M.D., states Schizophrenia is the "modern–day equivalent of leprosy"
(qtd: in Tartakovsky, 2014). There are harsh stereotypes surrounding those affected such as a higher
level of danger, universal symptoms, predetermined traits, a need for hospitalization, and even, put
simply by Demian Rose, M.D., Ph. D., a belief Schizophrenics are either psychotics or not.
(Tartakovsky, 2014). These stigmas lead to extremely detrimental effects such as, more homeless
sufferers, less job opportunities, a lower quality of life, lower self esteem, higher stress levels, and
more symptoms (Corrigan, 1998). Like most problems, these stigmas could be corrected with a
fairly basic understanding of Schizophrenia and how it affects its sufferers.
The most common of these stigmas is the higher level of danger. According to professor Dawn I.
Velligan, many people believe those affected by Schizophrenia are more dangerous than the general
public because of their disorder; however, schizophrenics usually tend to be the victims of violence
rather than the "perpetrators" (Tartakovsky, 2014). In addition, when treated or medicated,
schizophrenics are no more dangerous than the general population. Along these same lines, many
believe schizophrenics experience the same symptoms (Tartakovsky, 2014). There are

Parietal Lobe Research Paper
The cerebral cortex is the largest outer most part of the brain. It consist of tissue known as gray
matter which is made of neuronal bodies. The optimal function of the cerebral cortex is vitally
important. All information necessary to sustain life is stored and processed in the cerebral cortex.
The tissue are divided into the left and right sides which are joined together by the corpus callosum.
The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes, the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe. Each
area carrying its own set of functions and responsibilities. These four lobes together make up the
primary somatosensory area of the brain which controls the five sensory systems in the brain taste,
olfaction, touch, hearing and vision. These systems receive sensory information from the thalamic
nerve projections. The primary motor area of the brain consist of a much smaller area located within
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Dopamine limits and selects sensory information from the thalmus. The parietal lobe also deals with
movement, along with orientation, recognition, and perception of stimuli. This cortical region is the
main sensory area for the sense of touch, major inputs from the skin relay from the thalmus to the
parietal lobe. All visual processes are carried out in the occipital lobe (true to its name), and the
temporal lobe is associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory and speech.
The temporal lobe is responsible for deriving meanings for the appropriate retention of visual
memories, language comprehension, and emotional association. Together these areas of the brain
control the body through the CNS (central nervous system). Every bodily function needed to sustain
life is initiated first through these primary sensory areas, making the brain of course the most
important muscle in the

Informative Speech On Thoreacotomy
Introduction Thoracotomy is surgery to open the chest to get access to the organs and tissue inside.
This type of surgery is often used to repair or treat the lungs, heart, or arteries, or to remove tissue.
Tell a health care provider about: Any allergies you have. All medicines you are taking, including
vitamins, herbs, eye drops, creams, and over–the–counter medicines. Any problems you or family
members have had with anesthetic medicines. Any blood disorders you have. Any surgeries you
have had. Any medical conditions you have. Whether you are pregnant or may be pregnant. What
are the risks? Generally, this is a safe procedure. However, problems may occur, including:
Infection. Severe bleeding (hemorrhage). Allergic reaction to medicines. ... Show more content on
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You will be given pain medicine as needed. You will continue to have a chest tube draining fluid
from your lungs for 24–48 hours. You will be monitored closely for signs of fluid buildup in your
lungs. You may continue: To have a breathing tube. To receive fluids and medicines through an IV
tube. To have a catheter draining your urine. You may have to wear compression stockings. These
stockings help to prevent blood clots and reduce swelling in your legs. You may be shown how to do
breathing exercises and how to use a tool that measures how well you are filling your lungs with
each breath (incentive spirometer). These can help prevent pneumonia. Summary Thoracotomy is
surgery to open the chest to get access to the organs and tissue inside. This type of surgery is often
used to repair or treat the lungs, heart, or arteries, or to remove tissue. During the procedure, a 5–
10–inch incision will be made in your chest. The size and exact location of the incision varies
depending on the purpose of the procedure. After this procedure, you will continue to have a chest
tube draining fluid from your lungs for 24–48 hours. You will be monitored closely for signs of fluid
buildup in your

My Ideal Life
Life is a beautiful, inconsistent gift given to each of us. Through the course of our lives, we grow
and shape our ideal life, but often life completely alters the course which you yearn for it to follow.
Often, life is filled with unexpected surprises, both resulting in either negative or positive outcomes.
But, it is not simply these instances that shape us, but our response to them and the choices we
make. Throughout my life, I have been face to face with critical circumstances regarding my health,
five of which left me in the hospital. These were some of the most challenging times of my life, not
only in the injuries and illnesses I faced, but in the following adjustments which followed. When I
was two, I suffered a very chronic case of RSV, which later caused me to contract asthma. This kept
me indoors, surrounded by my nebulizers, and my books. I was a very bright and curious child. I
had a very inquisitive outlook on the world; I wanted to understand everything. I was instructed to
wash my hands one afternoon, and being the obedient, independent child I was, I did just that. I
climbed atop my white footstool, reached for the soap, dispensed a drop and washed my hands. I
noticed that the soap was at its initial position, the spring was outstretched once more, and the soap
was no longer coming from the mouth of the dispensing tube. I had to know why! I turned the water
off and inspected the soap more closely, repeating the dispensing action until I could wrap my head

The Anatomy Of The Cerebral Cortex
The cerebral cortex is a vital component of the brain, and is responsible for bodily functions that
would be difficult to live without. To have a more suitable expertise of the cerebral cortex scientist
divided the brain into for lobes contingent to the purpose of what each lobe is responsible for. Each
lobe of the cerebral cortex plays an essential role in humans every day life. If one of the lobes were
absent being successful at the University of Oklahoma would be difficult if not unviable. The
cerebral cortex has numerous functions, each being unique to how it affects the human body.
Scientist categorized the cerebral cortex into four different lobes depending on their purpose to
improve our understanding and assist our research of the cerebral cortex. The four lobes of the
cerebral cortex are the Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. The frontal lobe, located at
the front of the brain close to our foreheads, is in charge of more intricate and complex work of the
brain. It manages jobs such as contemplating, making decisions, and planning, but the frontal lobe is
also in charge of emotions and communication proficiency. The frontal lobe is an important
component of the cerebral cortex and is associated in most every day life experiences. Whether it be
deciding on an outfit for the day, or having a conversation with a friend. The parietal lobe transfers
our senses like contact, temperature, and aroma into things the body can feel and comprehend. If

Mack Nervous System Essay
Mack
Nervous System Open note test Answer the questions and submit on turnitin.com
Test is due on Friday December 22, 2017 by 9:00 am. No exceptions!!
Describe the four lobes of the brain. Include the following information in your essay. (250 words)
Describe their location within the skull
Explain the main functions of each lobe
List any neurological diseases that affect each lobe
Discuss at least two activities that each lobe assist you with The four major lobes of the brain are all
part of the cerebral cortex. It is the largest part of the brain and associated with most of the major
functions. The four major lobes are the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.
The frontal lobe is located at the front of the

The Multi Layered Nature Of Synesthesia
"The taste of beef, such as a steak, produces a rich blue," and "Mango sherbet appears as a wall of
lime green with thin wavy strips of cherry red. Steamed gingered squid produces a large glob of
bright orange foam, about four feet away, directly in front of me." this sublime description by Day, a
professor at National Central University in Taiwan describes his neurological condition called
synesthesia.1 Synesthesia is a neurological condition in which the stimulation of one sense is
automatically accompanied by a second sense. There are many different types of synesthesia
ranging from grapheme–color synesthesia, associating letter and numbers with colors, to spatial
sequence synesthesia, associating numerical sequences to points in space. ... Show more content on
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(Simner). Next came the first mention of synesthesia in scientific literature, Sir Francis Galton
published a paper about synesthesia in the journal Nature in 1880.( Guillochon, May,). Soon after
this publication a Swiss medical student named Eugen Bleuler and Karl Lehmann collected data on
76 synesthesia patients and compiled a book that now is considered a milestone in the history of
synesthesia. (Simner). As a whole the scientific community delved into the study of synesthesia in
the late 19th century and the early 20th century, but in the mid–20th century research subsided until
the 1970s when the study of synesthesia was revived. (Carpenter). Synesthesia history was one of
self–discovery and new studies and data about the condition.
The exact cause of synesthesia although not discovered; at the moment the cause can best be
explained by the hypothesis of serotonergic factors. Scientists do in fact though classify three
categories of how one acquired synesthesia. (Brogaard ). The three categories as follows are
developmental synesthesia, acquired synesthesia, and drug–induced synesthesia. (Brogaard).
Developmental synesthesia is the most common type; it is the form of the condition that has
continued since birth or early childhood and is most common in people with autism–spectrum
disorders. (Brogaard, Safran, ). Acquired synesthesia is a form of the condition which synesthesia
appears after a brain injury of

Description Of My Best Birthday
When I have urges ,they're usually to eat a poptart or a bread roll! But when I fought my urges, I
thought that I deserved it... but I didn't. I was getting ready for my birthday. It was 11:50 on
December 18 2016. I was turning 10 and I was so excited! I was getting ready watch a special movie
but I was getting tired! If I went to bed now, I wouldn't be able to bask in the glory of my
(hopefully) best birthday ever! Becoming a double digit meant I was going to become an adolescent,
but I was drifting of so I was going to drink an espresso (decaf of course) and chew gum but I saw
no gum and no espresso! I'm screwed! Wait a minute wait don't wait a minute, It's 11:59 and 40
seconds! I was going on to the couch but then I was 12:00! And I was knocked out! I saw one
thing... me! I was in The Eiffel tower and I was staring at myself! We both said " Hi how–are–ya"!
Then we both said " Kill them all"! Then we both said " Pawniard, Charge order by the way for you
information Pawniard is a poket monster"! Then we both summoned swords into our hands that
were on fire, lightning, water, and earth, and started attacking! As metal clashed against metal, we
summoned armor and daggers as we fought and were both wounded when we were both teleported
into my room, but the way I wished it was with a flat screen T.V., a mini fridge full of lemonade, and
a a 24 pack of chocolate chip cookies! As we fought my consciousness was wavering. I was feeling
like I was falling asleep! I was going to hide but I knew he would follow me, so I use a power
outage move and expelled all of my power, and as I suspected, so did he. Then I woke up and was
on my couch. It was a dream... hopefully. Hey, its my birthday! Well, I love cake. Time to get my
cake on! Well, I'm going to chew some gum because I'm stuffed. Like a turkey right before
Thanksgiving because I'm tired. I just went shopping so I'm tired stuffed and bored! Well I hope I
don't have another horrid, creepy, and strangely similar dream. I went to bed while being in bed. It
happened again. I was in my crazy cool bedroom! But this time it was strangely different. In the
corner where I like darkness so I can watch youtube on my Kindle Fire, the darkness was
expanding. I saw him, alone,

The Brain Is The Most Important Components Of The Human Brain
The brain is the greatest, the most fascinating and the most complex organ of the human been.
According to Dr. Wolfe, the human brain weighs about three pound. Humans do not feel its weight
because it is full of fluids and it is floating. The human brain consumes ten times more oxygen of all
the humans' body parts and 25% of the total energy produced by the body. It is not the largest part of
the humans' body, but it is one of the most important parts. Through the years educators were like
doctors giving certain treatment to their patients without being sure what the disease was. If the first
treatment given did not work they gave another treatment and so on. Nowadays technology has help
to study how animals and humans brain works. It also has helped to discover how and where
information is manipulated within the brain during the learning process. To discover how the brain
works, the brain was divided in many parts. According to the book, the brain structures are
cerebellum, brain stem, temporal lobe, broca's area, frontal lobe, motor cortex, sensory cortex,
parietal lobe, wernicke's area, occipital lobe, hypothalamus and pituitary gland (Bohlin, Durwin, &
Reese–Weber, 2012). The major lobes of the brain are frontal, occipital, parental and temporal and
each of them has different functions during the learning process. Frontal lobe is responsible for
higher standard thinking. According to the book, during the learning process, frontal lobe controls
attention, creative

A Child's Brain Is Critical To Brain Development
Studies have shown that the first three years of an individual's life is critical to brain development.
These three years are the most important. The brain shapes the basis for what is to come later on in
an individual's life. The child's brain is very fascinating. It is fabricated of diverse parts that control
feelings, judgement, language, memory, behavior, and motor skills. The brain has different areas that
are intersected circuits. This bases the mind to develop stronger or weaker depending on the
experiences of a child.
To start off with a child's brain, you have to know all the parts to it. Starting with the brainstem,
located at the top of the spinal cord near the neck, is the most significant part of the brain to
cultivate at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cerebellum is very important because it is the reason for learning whether it is a language or a
skill.
It gets its name from its location, the temporal lobe, controls hearing, smell, and verbal
understanding. This is where learning, memorizing, and demonstrative reactions take place. Out of
all five senses, hearing is the first to completely cultivate in a baby. This is why a baby cries when
born because of everything going on around him or her. Smell also develops early in your infant 's
life. Newborns react to smells on their first day also. Shockingly, a lot of a baby's progress occurs
long before he or she is even born.
The occipital lobe, also located near the back of the head controls vision and gives the capability to
comprehend what an individual is seeing. This may come as a surprise, but a baby's vision is the
least developed out of the five senses. They can only see up to fifteen inches away. Everything is
kind of one big blur to them. The most they can make up is movements of shapes. This is because
the neural pathways that communicate graphic material to the brain aren't fully developed yet.
Thankfully the occipital lobe makes it possible for pathways to develop, making the baby see a
assortment of objects. This is where practice makes perfect comes in. With the baby being around
new things by 8 months it will be able to see as well as

Persuasive Speech Plan: Driving While Texting Essay
Persuasive Speech Plan
Topic: Texting while driving is dangerous to you and others.
General Purpose: To persuade
Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience not to drive and text. When I have finished my speech,
my audience will be able to see why driving and texting is dangerous to themselves as well as
others.
Central Idea: Persuade others not to text and drive because it is very dangerous.
Persuasive Proposition: (Statement of Fact, Value, or Policy) Statement of fact and policies
Organizational Strategy/Pattern: Cause and Effect
Attempting to Change: (attitude, belief, value, behavior) Behavior and attitude
Passive Agreement or Immediate Action? : Immediate action
Main Points: Today I will persuade you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
b. Memory requires a "selective attention" in order to store information while focusing on one task
at a time, like driving. c. One study showed a 37% reduction of the brain's activity in the parietal
lobe that processes cognitive, memory, information regarding the driving task, sense of direction and
"spatial sense" as well as the occipital lobe that processes the visual information (Aker, 2011). C.
The third way, texting affects driving is through our visual field. a. Our vision is one of the most
"important sense for safe driving," but when our visual field is distracted, our peripheral vision
decreases, causing tunnel vision or inattention blindness causing drivers not to process everything in
the roadway that must be observed and fully analyzed, such as road hazards and responding to
unexpected situations. (Brodie, 2008). b. This affects the visual processing reaction time causing the
driver to drive much slower, keeping a distance between vehicles and checking their mirrors and
blind spots (Aker, 2011). c. Visual distractions can also cause the driver to increase their cerebral
capacity by trying to concentrate on texting rather than thinking about driving, which affects the
visual cortex through the hemi retina, only getting half of the visual field. d. Sending or receiving a
text takes a driver's eyes from the road for an average of 4.6 seconds causing the

Analyzation of Descartes’Argument on Dualism for Mind and...
Dualism is a theory which says that mind and body are two distinct kinds of reality and the self is a
mind which has a close "association" with a body. In this essay I will analyze Descartes' argument
on dualism for mind/ and body. Moreover, I will argue that Descartes' argument on mind and body is
not successful.
First, I will analyze Descartes' argument for the dualism of the mind and body. Descartes argument
goes as follows that the mind and body must be two separate substances because body is divisible
but the mind is indivisible. He says that "when I consider the mind, that is, when I consider myself
in so far only as I am a thinking thing, I can distinguish in myself no parts" (Meditation VI, section
19). That's when Descartes adopted the method of doubt. So the question here is as follows "why
Descartes adopted method of doubt?" His main goal was to reconstruct his knowledge based on
clear and certain ideas. But on the other hand, he says, "quite the opposite holds in corporeal or
extended things; "for I cannot imagine any one of them [how small so ever it may be], which I
cannot easily sunder in thought, and which, therefore, I do not know to be divisible" (Ibid). In these
quotations, Descartes states that mind and body are thought of differently. This part is very
important because it shows that his argument for the mind and body actually being distinct
substances relies on the fact that mind and body must be thought of indifferent ways, as indivisible
and

Brain The Most Complex Three Pound Organ In The Human Brain
The brain the most complex, three–pound organ in the human body. When I think of the brain it
reminds me of a committee of professions working together to achieve one goal each with
individual tasks to get the job done. The brain can be divided into the basic parts and two
hemispheres: The forebrain, the midbrain and the hindbrain, the right hemisphere and the left
hemisphere. The two hemispheres are then connected by the corpus callosum. the cerebrum is
covered by a thin layer of gray tissue called the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is in turn
divided into four lobes: frontal lobes, parietal lobes, temporal lobes, and occipital lobes. The
cerebrum or telencephalon.
The four different lobes located within the cerebral cortex have individual

Summary Of ' : Left Neglected Book ' Reflection '
Wendy Nguyen
Psy–B 201
Book Reflection
11/17/15
Left Neglected Book Reflection
At the beginning of this novel, we were introduced to Sarah Nickerson, a Harvard graduate, with a
good paying job as the vice president of Human Resource at Berkeley Consulting, three kids, and a
sweet husband. However, she was career–driven and dedicated to her job to afford to live in
Welmont and to be able to take care of the family as her husband is trying to survive the second
round of lay off at his work. However I noticed that this job put a lot of stress and strain on her and
her family, as she didn't get to spend a lot of times with her kids or husband. In the morning on
Friday, she would get her kids ready for school but her and her husband would rock, paper, scissor
on who would take the kid to school and when she didn't have to, she was pretty happy. The day of
the accident was when she didn't have to take her kids. As she was trying to make a phone call, she
crashed and ended up in the hospital for eight days. I like how this book go into details of her life
before the accident and then illustrates her life afterward.
When she woke up, the doctor told her that she had "depressed skull fracture and some bleeding in
her brain" so they did neurosurgery right away to drain it. However, when he said she lost some
"real estate", I got confused. I assumed he meant her brain part but is that what he meant? He said
that it was on the right side and that's when I guessed why the

Parietal Lobe Research Paper
The brain is the boss in your body. It controls the way we do everyday functions. We do so many
functions in one day, the cerebral cortex has to divide those function between its four lobes. The four
lobes are called the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe. The frontal lobe
gets its name by its location. The frontal lobe is located in frontal area of the cortex. The frontal lobe
is responsible for mental processes such as thinking, decision making and planning. The frontal lobe
is the most important in my opinion because everything we do requires us to think, even if it's just a
little. You would survive being death and blind but, I hate not being able to think. The temporal lobe
also gets its name by its location.

The Behavioural Inattention Test ( Conventional ; Bitc )
The Behavioural Inattention Test (Conventional; BITC) is a battery of six tests which include the
following: line crossing (also known as Albert's Test), letter cancellation, star cancellation, copying,
line bisection, and representational drawing (i.e. clock drawing task; Wilson, Cockburn, & Halligan,
1987). Each test and any subtests within the battery will be tabulated in greater detail below. It is
important to note that many ADHOC versions of these tests are available online and can also be
freely drawn by a clinician; however, the tests shown here are the originals. It is always advisable to
administer the original tests if they are available at the time as it will mean more reliable and valid
scoring. Cancellation Tests The main purpose of cancellation tasks are to assess for deficits in visual
scanning and visual neglect (such as unilateral spatial neglect [USN]; Wilson et al., 1987). The table
below will outline the different types of cancellation (Cx) tasks and what they assess. These tests in
particular are not used to formally diagnose deficits in visual neglect or scanning, but they do act as
an initial screening tool and can help in identifying difficulties surrounding certain aspects of the
patient's visuospatial abilities. By using these screening tools, it provides the clinician with an
indication of what needs to be further investigated by more formal tests and/or neuroimaging
(Halligan, Cockburn, & Wilson, 1991). Star Cx Letter Cx: Line

Looking Glass Syndrome
The suddenly stop in blood flow to the brain from strokes can result in varying degrees of damage to
the brain as seen a patient Ellen. Post stroke, Ellen ate only from the right side of her plate and will
only dress and put makeup her right side. She completely neglects her left side of her body and
external world. This condition is a common neurological syndrome called hemi–neglect seen in post
right brain stroke patients like Ellen, especially affecting the right parietal lobe. These patients often
manifest sets of odd behaviors. They report not seeing anything on their left side, but are not blind
and can receive visual input from both eyes. Sometimes they even notice things in their neglected
side when their attention is drawn to it. What is peculiar about a neglect patient is that he was
unconsciously recognizing differences in the images, yet verbalized the images were the same. He
was given 2 pictures of the houses: one on fire in the left side and the other was intact. He said they
were identical, but when forced to choose, he picked the intact house over the one on fire. Another
patient would roll her wheel chair in huge circles to the right to see the neglected side rather than
simply turning left. These patients somehow can not register in their brain that the left side of the
world indeed exists. Doctors realized this and figured out if they somehow allow the patients to see
the reflected left side from the right eye; perhaps this problem can be corrected.

The Importance Of Neglect
The prevalence of strokes in our country and our world are high. Globally, a stroke claims a life
about every ten seconds. If an individual has a stroke and survives, it is also the leading cause of
disability (Campaign, n.d.). Strokes vary in their severity and recovery, but one somewhat common
occurrence is experiencing hemispatial neglect following a stroke. Hemispatial neglect, or neglect,
is claimed to occur in about a third of all stroke patients (Klinke et al., 2015). Neglect is a disorder
of attention that typically follows brain damage that is unilateral. It has been reported as a strong
predictor of stroke recovery, in terms of general functioning (Gallagher et al., 2013). In neglect, the
patient is unable to notice, or have any ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pursuing the left and generating stability was used to describe when the "attention to the left was
enhanced by emotionally salient stimuli". This concept was demonstrated in an interview where a
woman would unceasingly drop items from her left hand, but succeeded in holding her infant child
on her left side. When the woman in the study was asked about this she said, "I know that my left
hand is clumsy and that I sometimes have slopped coffee and such things–but holding my baby
cannot be compared to holding a cup of coffee" (Klinke et al.,

Why Does Free Will Exist
Traditionally defined as man's ability to voluntarily and consciously choose for themselves, free will
is often a central characteristic of man that separates him from nature. Philosophers and theologians
have touted this ability to choose as a foundation on which society's conception of morals, guilt, and
justice rest, and, consequently, have debated whether it truly exists or whether it is simply an
illusion of a predetermined outcome. Recently, with the advent of science, the discussions of free
will now include the field of biology. Modern studies on the human brain have provided convincing
evidence for biological determinism, the notion that the biology of each person predetermines how
he or she will act. For example, the 1999 tests of Benjamin Libet and his subsequent papers on free
will challenge its conventional definition, suggesting that actions begin with an unconscious
initiation, that they have the ability to be consciously vetoed, and ... Show more content on
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tested the effects of stimulating different sites in the brain and whether actions and could be
separated from will. Consisting of subjects undergoing brain surgery while awake, "Movement
Intention after Parietal Cortex Stimulation in Humans" illustrates how electrical signals regarding
movements arise in one part of the brain; whereas, those signals pertaining to intent or will, i.e. the
conscious desire to act arise in another. Desmurget et al. activated the parietal cortex, creating in the
subject the perception of movement. However, no action was performed in actuality (Desmurget et
al., 2009). Similarly, Desmurget et al. then stimulated the premotor cortex, causing the subjects to
act, yet the subjects were unaware of these actions, thinking they had not moved (Desmurget et al.,
2009). This ability to separate perception or intent of movement and actual motion underlines a
disconnect between will and

Parietal Lobe Function
There are four different lobes of the brain Frontal Lobe,Parietal Lobe, Temporal Lobe and Occipital
lobe. The frontal lobe is performing the executive function that coordinates other brain areas and the
parietal lobe processes auditory information and integrates vision and touch. In addition the
temporal lobe process auditory information language and autobiographical memory whereas the
occipital lobe process the visual information. Lobes differ from hemispheres because lobes smaller
parts of the brain and the hemisphere are referring to the two half of the brain ( hemispheres ). And
both hemispheres differ from one another the left hemisphere is what you use when doing math and
things of that nature and the right hemisphere being the more

Summary Of Oliver SacksThe Man Who Mistoook His Wife For A...
Tying Neurological Research to Readings
Jose Massana
Florida International University Tying Neurological Research to Readings
In Oliver Sacks' The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, he denotes a "deficit is an impairment
or incapacity of neurological function; such as loss of speech, loss of language, loss of memory, loss
of vision loss of dexterity, or loss of identity" (Sacks, 1985). The specific neurological disorder that
is highlighted in chapter one is Visual Agnosia, which is a deficit associated with poor primary
visual processing that affects shape perception, figures, object, face and letter recognition (Serino, et
al., 2014). Other subtypes of visual agnosia that also seemed to fit the descriptions that Sacks shared
is prosopagnosia, which is the inability to recognize human faces (Shah, 2016), and pantomime
agnosia, characterized as the inability to understand gestures (Gonzalez, Mack, & Heilman, K.,
1986).
In chapter one, Sacks talks about a patient dubbed Dr P, who was a musician, singer, artist, and a
teacher at the Local of Music. Dr P had problems recognizing his students' faces, which is when his
problems were first recognized. He could not recognize people until they started talking or moving,
and would see faces where there were none, such as in furniture, water hydrants, and parking
meters. However, this did not seem to trouble him, and did not seek any sort of medical help, until
years later when he developed diabetes. He went to an ophthalmologist, who told him his vision was
fine, but that there was something the matter with the visual part of his brain. That was when he was
referred to Oliver Sacks, a neurologist.
Sacks did not think that the issue was dementia, but did notice something odd about the man. Sacks
noticed that Dr P would fixate on details about his face, but not on the face or expressions as a
whole. After an initial neurological exam, Sacks noticed that the man's reflexes were a bit abnormal
on his left side, as he had taken off his shoe, but failed to realize that he did not have it on. He also
had trouble looking at a pin on the floor, but only if it was put on his left side. It is interesting to note
that the left hemifield of both eyes is sent to the right

Cerebrum Essay
The Cerebrum
To begin with, the human brain is the most complex part of the human body. It has control to every
organ because of a primary functional unit which is the neurons. The exterior part of the brain has
specific functions to every organ in the human body. Therefore, the human brain is the most
important organ in the human body. A person can be left brained or right brained according to how
they act.
The Cerebellum is the trilobed structure of the brain. The cerebellum helps provide smooth
coordinated body movement. Examples would balance, posture, coordination, and voluntary
movements. It also modifies motor commands to make more movement accurate and adaptive. The
cerebellum is located at the back of the brain and contains 50% ... Show more content on
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(Canedo, A. (1997, February 7))
Broca's area can also be called convolution of Broca. Broca's are has functions linked to speech
production. In other terms it produces language. Broca's area was discovered in 1861 by Paul Broca.
Broca's area is connected to Wernicke's area by a neural pathway called accurate fasciculus. (Broca's
Area (n.d.))
Parietal lobe receives all somatosensory input from the body. Wernicke's area is located in the back
of the parietal lobe. Wernicke's area is important for understanding sensory information for
language. Damage to this part of the brain produces sensory aphasia. Patients cannot understand
language but can still make sounds. (Amthor, F. (n.d.))
Somatosensory cortex processes input from various systems in the body that are sensitive to touch.
Specialized cells react specifically to pain. Multiple types of sensation from body, includes tough,
sight, hear, smell, and taste. Sensory information carried to the brain by the neural pathways.
(Somatosensory cortex. (n.d.))
Occipital lobe receives visual information directly from eyes. This lobe is important so the eyes
know what they are seeing. These lobes have to be very fast to process rapid information that the
eyes are sending. V1 is visual area one related to whichever image is around somebody's current
point of gaze. Damage to the V1 can cause blindness. (Scott, T. (n.d.))
Temporal lobe processes auditory info from the ears. The basal ganglia works with

Does The Parietal Lobe Affect The Human Brain?
It is a good question, indeed we can train our brain to be smarter, but we cannot deny that world has
people that was born with an advanced brain. To clarify this the documentary "How Smart Are You"
by National Geographic, shows many ways to improve our capacity to memorize things; as a names,
numbers, days, words, etc.; in sequence. They tell about of how some people can develops parts of
the brain faster than other humans. A curiosity of an Einstein's brain is that, the parietal lobe is 15%
larger than the others in the sample researched. The brain is divided into four areas, the Parietal
lobe, the Frontal lobe, Occipital and temporal Lobe. The frontal lobe is associated with reasoning,
planning, movements, emotions and problem solving; the Parietal Lobe is associated with
movement, orientation, recognition and perception; the Occipital Lobe is associated with visual
processing; and the Temporal Lobe is associated with perception and recognition of auditory,
memorize, and speech. People can develop and enlarge the brain with training, the most part of
musician that play a piano or violin, they are capable in increase the part of his brain that is
responsible to the musician ability, with a long session of training. ... Show more content on
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Next, in the step two, we have to imagine the words that we have to memorize acting in the ambient
that we analyzed before; but, we need imagine the sound too, to be more alive. Now the last step is,
remember the scene that you imagine to memorize the words and say them. To conclude, the
technique is, how big is your imagination, how big is the scene that you create; with sounds,
connections, etc; more easy to remember will

Nystagmography Research Paper
Electronystagmography
Electronystagmography is a procedure used to look at involuntary rapid eye movement (nystagmus).
Nystagmus is when your eyes move from side to side or up and down very rapidly without you
making this happen. It is normal for this to occur in response to certain stimuli, such as changing
head position. If nystagmus does not occur, this can indicate a problem with the inner ear or various
parts of the brain. The procedure may be done to check for a tumor, an infection, a low blood
supply, or other problems. Your health care provider may recommend this procedure to help
determine the cause of vertigo, which is a sensation that you or your surroundings are moving when
they are not.
In electronystagmography, your eye movement

Psy 340 Essay
University of Phoenix Material
Neurological Structures and Functions Worksheet
Short–Answer Essays
1. Describe why humans have a blind spot.
Humans have blind spots because of the optic nerve information that is sent to the brain from the
retina is through the optic nerve. Well the nerve has to have a way to exit the eye, that exit is where
the blind spot is.
2. Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.
The retina is what houses the eye's rods and cones. The eye has about 6 million cones and 120
million rods. Both rods and cones get their names from their shape. Rods do not provide color
vision, and are sensitive to dim light. Cones function well in the day and provide color vision. ...
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The middle ear consists of three bones, the malleus, incus, and stapes. The tensor teympany which is
a muscle that attaches to the malleus bone, as well as the stapes which is a muscle which attaches to
the stapes bone. These muscles help to keep the bone off of the membrane that they are on to stop
damage from loud noise. And lastly there is a Eustachian tube which is the middle ear as well it
helps with pressure.
6. Describe the factors that contribute to sound localization.
There are two factors that contribute to sound localization the first is the pinna also known as the
outer ear, it is cup shaped to allow you to hear what's in front of you. Then there is the fact that you
have two ears on each side of yor head, sound in each ear may differ so the brain can determine
where the sound is coming from because it is receiving sound from both.
7. What is the function of the somatosensory system?
The somatosensory system has to do with touch, pressure, pain, temperature, movement, and
vibrations from muscles, joints, and skin. Uit sends sensations through the spinal cord, to the
brainstem, then the thalamic relay nuclei to the parietal lobe that houses the sensory cortex.

8. Name and describe the parts of the brain involved in the chemical sense of taste.
The parts of the brain that are involved in the chemical sense of taste are the parietal lobes. The
parietal lobe is behind the

Accomplishments Of Albert Einstein
years first in trying to prove that the quantum theory had inconsistencies in it. No one could have
been more ingenious in thinking up unexpected and clever examples; but it turned out that the
inconsistencies were not there; and often their resolution could be found in earlier work of Einstein
himself. When that did not work, after repeated efforts, Einstein had simply to say that he did not
like the theory. He did not like the elements of indeterminacy. He did not like the abandonment of
continuity or of causality." (Oppenheimer, Robert)
He summed up his scientific career by saying "The real goal of my research has always been the
simplification of and unification of the systems of theoretical physics" ( Einstein). Einstein did not
like to conform to the ideas of others and so was always different and alone in his thoughts.
His scientific work has allowed for a much broader understanding of how the world works and made
some very useful inventions possible.
"Albert Einstein's scientific theories accelerated the development of the world like never before and
he gave scientists the tools to mold almost every observable aspect of life as we live today. From
nuclear energy production to synchronization of GPS satellites to computers to many everyday
consumer products; all can be traced or linked to Einstein's work." (Ten Major Accomplishments of
Albert Einstein)
We live in a world created by Einstein. He has also impacted our literature and philosophy. Many
science

Left Neglected By Lisa Genova
Left Neglected by Lisa Genova is a novel based on a woman who gets into a car accident, suffers
from a stroke, and ends up developing left neglect. Left neglect, otherwise known as Hemispatial
neglect, develops after a stroke or brain damage to the right side of the brain. Left neglect is a
neuropsychological condition that causes an attention deficit to the awareness of the left side of
space. A person with left neglect has difficulty processing and perceiving stimuli on the left side of
their body. It can affect a person's visual perception where they are unable to see things or interpret
them on the left side of them. Typically a person with left neglect forgets that their left side exists.
Someone who suffers from left neglect may not be able to dress themselves on their left side; they
may not eat the food on the left side of their plate, or be able to read a left side of a book. It can
cause issues with their mobility where they are unaware of their left extremities, which can lead to
problems in walking or any task using bilateral coordination or skills. Sarah, the main character in
the novel, had a very busy, fulfilling life before her accident. She worked as a human resources
consultant at a very large company. This job required her to work very long, busy hours. Her career
could be considered a spillover, where her job affects and interrupts parts of her social and family
life also. She is always doing something in her office, while having to rush around to make

Body Integrity Identity Disorder
1. Introduction
Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID, also known as apotemnophilia and xenomelia) is a rare
condition in which the person experiences a strong feeling of 'overcompleteness' with four limbs,
causing an intense desire for amputation (1,2). Instead of a wish for amputation there may also be a
desire to paralysis (3). These individuals do not suffer from delusions or psychosis, and fully
understand the bizarre nature of their desire (2,4). At this time BIID is not included in the ICD–11 or
DSM–5, causing this condition to be unknown by psychiatrists, neurologist and surgeons. Therefore
there is no effective pharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatment option available (2). Only the
requested amputation itself seems effective, but for ethical reasons those amputations are not
preformed in regular healthcare (3). As a result BIID individuals often avoid healthcare and express
their desire by pretending to be disabled or, in extreme cases, by eventually performing self–
amputation (4–7). The lifelong desire of an individual to be physically disabled may be considered
incomprehensible by many. However, for BIID individuals the strong sense that their anatomical
self as an able–bodied person is inappropriate and that they were meant to go through life as a
disabled person is constantly present and cannot be suppressed (3). This feeling becomes manifest in
early childhood and remains throughout life (5). Although this phenomenon is very rare and
prevalence rates

Unit 8 Lab Report Sample
1. The two independent variables were luminant cue patches (light cue, dark cue and equiluminant
cue) and location of the cue and target (valid side with cue and target on same side and invalid side
with cue and target on opposite sides). The dependent variable was participants' reaction time in
millisecond.
2. The experiment used the same red and green stimuli in each trial instead of other opponent colors
such as black and white or blue and yellow. The small sample size studied could have also lead to
random variation in the results.
3. The trials for each of the six conditions were presented in a random order. The experimenter
controlled for differences among participants by having them set their own equiluminant point for
the cue stimuli and eliminated luminance differences by embedding the stimuli in a random
luminance noise. The experimenter also controlled for outliers by eliminating response ... Show
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The Magnocellular pathway carries information from the M ganglion cells at rapid speed along the
dorsal stream to the parietal lobe to help us understand motion, spatial relationships and contrast.
The Parvocellular pathway carries information from the P ganglion cells at slower speed along the
ventral stream to the temporal lobe to help us process fine details of such as color and form of an
object. It is thought that the Parvocellular pathway is our primary source for recognition and
identification, but there are speculations that its allocentric frame of reference can also be used in a
more egocentric approach (i.e., the Parvocellular pathway is able to elicit an autonomic response
like the Magnocellular pathway). This research expands on these theories by studying the role of
color vision in autonomic attention responses. The experiment attempts to study the relationship
between the Magnocellular pathway and Parvocellular pathway through color cues and its effects in
capturing attention and control visual behavior (e.g., moving the eyes to locate the

Spatial Cognition is Necessary for Navigation and to...
1. Introduction
Spatial cognition concerns the ability to acquire, organize, store and retrieve knowledge of spatial
properties (e.g., location, distance, direction) in the complex environment in order to navigate and
perceive location precisely (Allen et al., 1996; Hardiess et al., 1999). It is one of the most important
abilities that animals and humans have to help them adapt and survive in the world. For example,
identifying food location, wayfinding, perceiving scenes are all based on this ability. For many
years, elegant behavioral, neurobiological and neuropsychological methods have been used to
investigate the spatial behavior of human and non–human species (Denis & Loomis, 2007). In this
essay, I am going to talk about how different neuroscientific approaches contribute to our
understanding of neural bases of spatial cognition and their role in related processes.
2. Brain regions involved in spatial cognition and related processes
Much studies using various methods, including single–unit recordings, patient/lesion studies, non–
invasive brain imaging and brain interference studies, have been done to investigate neural
mechanisms underlying spatial cognition. As results, researchers have found several brain regions
involved in processing of spatial information, including parietal cortex and hippocampus (Burgess,
Jeffery, & O'Keefe, 1999). Also, it is very important to know which reference frame is used when
we discussing spatial functions of these brain regions

Types of Attention Related Disorders
Attentional disorders and deficits are classified as neurological diseases that can result from
congenital factors, as well as, head traumas and damages in the brain. There are other types of
attention–related disorders that can be categorized in terms of physiology, which include those
associated with frontal cortical processing, parietal cortical processing, and the undetermined.
The disorders linked to frontal cortical processing include: Frontal Lobe Disorder and Frontal Lobe
Epilepsy. These disorders are caused by impairment of the frontal lobe region of the brain due to
disease or severe head trauma linking to attentional deficits in higher level processing and
difficulties in focusing.
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that that is caused by recurring seizures in the
frontal lobes of the brain, which can cause problems in learning affecting motor coordination,
planning and attention span. Both frontal lobe disorder and epilepsy are prone to attentional
impairment and difficulties of concentration.
The disorders that are connected to parietal cortical processing include: Attentional Dyslexia,
Balint's Syndrome (Optic Ataxia, Ocular Apraxia, and Simultagnosia), Hemispatial Hemianopia
Neglect (Anosognosia), and Somatoparaphrenia. These disorders are linked to impairment in the
parietal cortical area of the brain and are linked to deficits in spatial attention, attentional shifting
and concentration.
Attentional dyslexia is caused by parietal damage

Crebrum Research Paper
As humans, we all utilize the organ known as the brain to keep ourselves alive. The brain must be
working in optimal condition to ensure our survival and the continuation of our species. Not only is
this vital organ necessary to sustain life, it also is used to perform common everyday tasks as well as
more complex ones. Similar to all organs, the brain is made up of many different components. The
three main sections are the cerebrum, the brain stem, and the cerebellum (New Book of Knowledge,
364). These three divisions interact "to coordinate how we perceive, move, think, and feel" (New
Book of Knowledge, 364). The cerebrum is especially important because most functions take place
there. Even the cerebrum itself is composed of various portions. There is much to know about the
cerebrum, including its functions, composition, and development. Foremost, the cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain (New Book of Knowledge, 364). In fact, it is actually eighty–five percent of
the total human brain weight (New Book ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes each have unique purposes. The frontal lobe is
located near the front of the brain and guides personality and ideas (Things You Should Know, 201).
The temporal lobe, also located toward the front of the brain, is responsible for hearing and
comprehension (Things You Should Know, 201). Found at the back of the brain, the occipital lobe is
culpable for sight (Things You Should Know, 201). The parietal lobe is situated at the back of the
brain and is accountable for the sense of touch (Things You Should Know, 201). The lobes in order
of development are as follows: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital (Carter, 208). "In some
classifications, the forward part of the frontal lobe is separated by the prefrontal lobe" (Carter, 66).
The prefrontal lobe is known as the prefrontal cortex (Carter,

Part 1: Mini Brain Project
Part 1: Mini Brain Project
1.The frontal lobe is made up of four main lobes. It's the largest lobe. The frontal lobe structure is
located in the front of our heads, behind our foreheads. It is set in the front of both cerebral
hemispheres and it is placed the closest to the temporal lobe.The frontal and parietal lobe is
separated by the central sulcus.
2. The frontal lobes major functions monitor and modify our behavior, our emotions, and judgment,
and other things. The frontal lobe collects information from other parts of the brain and guides our
decisions. It shapes our personality along with managing memory, attention, and concentration. The
frontal lobe's primary functions deal with movement and cognition.
3.The techniques used to measure

The Fundamental Ability Of The Prefrontal Cortex
The fundamental ability of the prefrontal cortex is to represent information not currently in the
environment; its role within the temporal lobe is to create a mental sketch pad within an individuals
mind (Goldman–Rakic). It regulates short term and long term decision making and helps individuals
focus thoughts and houses active working memory. Due to the funtions that the prefront cortex
displays, damage to this area commonly leads to multiple problems such as the inability to plan or
even behaving in ways that are not seen as sociably acceptable. Individuals who have suffered
damage their prefrontal cortex are oblivious to future consequences and their actions tend to be
guided by immediate results (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994). The premotor cortex
is involved in learning and executing complex movements that are guided by sensory information.
Many studies suggest that the premotor cortex is involved in using arbitrary stimuli to indicate what
movement should be made. The relationship between stimuli and movement are arbitrary and must
be learned. For example Nowak et al (2009) found that participants would adjust the strength of
their grip when picking up an object based on the colour of a dot. Once again we look at how these
areas function after being damage. For example damage to the premotor cortex may result in a range
of problems such as apraxia, which is the inability to carry out actions that require skill that
previously could be performed.

Working Memory Gender Differences
"Working memory (WM) is used to active temporary storage and manipulation of information
within the time of a few seconds, and is an important component for many higher cognitive
functions." (Speck, Ernst, Braun, Koch, Miller and Chang, 2000) When it comes to memory, there is
a short term memory as well a long term memory. The differences between the two is that the
information that is stored in a short term memory are only there for a short amount of time and the
information in the long term memory have been there for a long period of time. The working
memory according to Speck, Ernst, Braun, Koch, Miller, and Chang is used when we are storing
information in temporary storage, at the same time the brain works to manipulate the information ...
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According to the research done by Speck, Ernst, Braun, Koch, Miller, and Chang, there are
differences between the male and female brains in regards to hemisphere activation when the brain
is storing and manipulating specific information over a short period of time. It was found that these
differences in the hemisphere activation influenced the time and accuracy performances of males
and females. As found by Hill, Laird, and Robinson, gender differences are shown in the two
different types of working memory: spatial and verbal. The gender differences were evident in the
brains of the participants. Different areas of the brain were activated, which demonstrated that males
and females favor different types of working memory. This research helped us understand that
females are more advanced in verbal working memory and men favor spatial working memory.
Bridge also discovered gender differences with memory and cognition being that women were more
successful than men with recollection. Additionally, Bridge concluded that social and biological
factors may potentially be influential to these

Hemineglect Studies
The advances offer supplementary data, when subjects with hemineglect need to be assessed, and
this data is progress in hemineglect. According to Bensalah, et al, (2003) study, group one includes
accurate portrayals, and nearly half were made by standard individuals; furthermore, patients with
spinal cord or right or left hemisphere injuries are capable of producing ordinary self–portrayals
(Bensalah, et al, 2003). This proposes that figure illustration does not replicate the observable
modifications or errors of the figure (Bensalah, et al, 2003). In the Bensalah, et al, (2003)
experiment, group two contains ordinary subjects with spinal cord, limbs, or brain anatomy, in
quantities which do not fluctuate from those witnessed in the complete ... Show more content on
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The Jelsone–Swain, Smith, & Baylis, (2012), research displays these conclusions provide innovative
understandings into the perceptual discrepancies linked with hemineglect and this backups other
effort that fabricates the fast denial account of non–awareness dispensation in visual hemispatial
neglect.
The Członkowska, et al, 2009, project endorses the encouraging effect of electrical somatosensory
stimulus of the left hand on left visuospatial hemineglect progress, as a result, an inquiry emerges as
to whether the conclusion was due exclusively to electrical prompt or whether there was a combined
result of the everyday stimulus and the cognitive teaching. Luate´ and his cohort (2006) projected
that there were numerous methods of secluded sensory intonation controlled self–reliantly of other
precise beneficial mediations did not seem noteworthy (Członkowska, et al,

Cerebrum and Dementia Care Unit-2
Unit–1, Q1. Explain what is meant by the term `dementia' Unit–1, Q2. Describe how dementia can
affect a person if the following areas of the brain are damaged by dementia Frontal lobe: Parietal
lobe: Temporal lobe: Occipital lobe: Cerebellum: Unit–1, Q3.Explain why the following may be
mistaken for dementia a) depression b) delirium c) age related memory impairment Unit–1, Q4.
Give an outline of the following models of dementia a) The medical model of dementia b) The
social model of dementia Unit–1, Q5. Explain why it is important to see dementia as a disability
Unit–1, Q6. List the four most common causes of dementia Unit–1, Q7. Describe the signs and
symptoms associated with the four most common causes of dementia Unit–1, Q8. Outline ... Show
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Unit–4, Q3. Explain how negative beliefs, values and misunderstandings can affect a person's
attitude towards people with dementia. Unit–4, Q4. Explain how positive beliefs and values can
affect a person's attitude towards a people with dementia. Unit–4, Q5. Describe the steps you can
take to ensure a person with dementia feels valued , included and able to engage in daily life. Unit–
4, Q6. Describe the practices that could make a person with dementia feel excluded. Unit–4, Q7.
Explain why it is important to include individuals with dementia in all aspects of their care. Unit–4,
Q8. Describe how an older person's experience of dementia may be different to a younger person
who develops dementia. Unit–4, Q9. Mr Singh is a 75 year old gentleman who moved to England
from India when he was in his 30s. Mr Singh is a practicing Sikh. He does speak English but
because of his dementia he has reverted to only speaking in Punjabi. Describe the steps you could
take to gain knowledge and understanding of Mr Singh's needs and preferences. Unit–4, Q10.
Sophie is a 39 year old lady who has Down's syndrome. She has also developed dementia which is
progressing quite quickly. Sophie has been admitted to a care facility which specialises in
supporting people who have learning disabilities and also have dementia. Describe the knowledge
and understanding that the staff would need in order to work in a person–centred way with Sophie.
Unit–5, Q1.List four different groups

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