A presentation titled Buildings & Climate Change at the GlobalShop international retail conference held in Las Vegas, NV.

1. Buildings & Climate Change
An Inconvenient Truth
GlobalShop 2008
Kevin Foster O’Donnell

5. 5 miles 5 miles

6. 7926 miles

7. Solar radiation
in the form of lightwaves
passes through the
atmosphere

8. Some energy is radiated back
into space by the earth in Some of this outgoing
the form of infrared waves infrared radiation is trapped
by the earth’s atmosphere
and warms it
Most of this radiation
is absorbed by the
Earth and warms it

9. visible light waves
CO 2
infrared heat waves

10. Mercury Venus Earth Mars
800˚ F 900˚ F 59˚ F 80˚ F

12. Some energy is radiated back
into space by the earth in Some of this outgoing
the form of infrared waves infrared radiation is trapped
by the earth’s atmosphere
and warms it
Most of this radiation
is absorbed by the
Earth and warms it

15. Land Mass in Southern Hemisphere

16. Land Mass in Northern Hemisphere

17. Lower CO2
in global atmosphere

18. Higher CO2
in global atmosphere

19. Kilimanjaro
Africa
1970 2000

20. Kilimanjaro
2005

21. Portage Glacier
Alaska
1914 2004
Photos: NOAA Photo Collection and Gary Braasch – WorldViewOfGlobalWarming.org

22. Boulder Glacier
Glacier National Park
1932 1988
Photos: George Grant, Glacier National Archive; Jerry DeSanto, national Park Service

25. Upsala Glacier
Argentina
1928
Photo: © Greenpeace/De Agostini/Beltra
2004

27. Tschierva
Glacier

28. Rhone
Glacier

29. Rhone
Glacier

30. Adamello-
Mandron
Glacier

33. Huascarán, Peru
Lonnie G. Thompson

34. Quelccaya
Ice Cap
Peru, 1977
Lonnie G. Thompson

35. 600
500
400
300
CO2 Concentration
280
260
240
CO2 [ppmv]
220
200
180
600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0
Age (yr BP)

36. 600 Projected Concentration After 50 More Years of
Unrestricted Fossil Fuel Burning
500
400
300
CO2 Concentration
280
260
240
CO2 [ppmv]
220
200
180
Temp. in F°
600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0
Age (yr BP)

37. 600 Projected Concentration After 50 More Years of
Unrestricted Fossil Fuel Burning
500
400
Today’s CO2 Concentration 380 ppm
300
CO2 Concentration
280
260
240
CO2 [ppmv]
220
200
180
Temp. in F°
600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0
Age (yr BP)

38. 600 After 45 More Years of current energy use patterns
500
400
Today’s CO2 Concentration
300
CO2 Concentration
280
260
240
CO2 [ppmv]
220
200
180
Temp. in F°
600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0
Age (yr BP)

39. Global Temperature Since 1860
Combined annual land air and sea surface
temperatures from 1860-2003
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Source: Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia and Hadley Centre, The Met Office, UK
http://www.knmi.nl/voorl/nader/globaltemperaturein2003thirdwarmest.htm

40. The Ten Hottest Years on Record
Have Occurred in the Last 12 Years
2005 1998 2006 2002 2003 2004 2001 1997 1995 1999

41. Hottest Year on Record
2005
Source: NCDC/NOAA

42. High Temperatures
July 2006

43. Number of Major Flood Events
Americas
200
160
# of Major Floods
120
80
40
0
1960–1969 1960–1969 1970–1979 1980–1989 1990–2000
Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

44. Number of Major Flood Events
Asia
350
300
250
# of Major Floods
200
150
100
50
0
1950–1959 1960–1969 1970–1979 1980–1989 1990–2000
Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

45. Number of Major Flood Events
Europe
125
100
# of Major Floods
75
50
25
0
1950–1959 1960–1969 1970–1979 1980–1989 1990–2000
Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

46. Switzerland
August 23, 2005
AP Photo/Keystone, Sigi Tischler

47. Mumbai, India
July 26, 2005
• 37 inches of rain in 24 hours
• Water levels reached seven feet
• The most any Indian city has ever received
in one day
• The death toll in western India reached 1,000
Source: CNN.com 8/1/2005

48. AP Photo/Dietmar Stiplovsek

49. Neighboring Provinces, China
Summer, 2005
Photo: Rueters/China News Photo

50. Amazon River
Brazil, October 2005
Photo: Daniel Beltra/Greenpeace

52. Photo: Laister/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

53. Warwick Vincent - Center for Northern Studies, Laval University

54. © Bryon and Cherry Alexander

55. Photo courtesy of Paul Grabhorn/ACIA

56. Alaska Winter Tundra Travel Days
1970-2002
250
200
150
100
50
0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
© 2004 ACIA

57. Photo credit: Vladimir Lightovsky, University of Alaska Fairbanks

61. Larsen Ice Shelf
January 31, 2002
MODIS images courtesy of NASA's Terra satellite

62. Larsen Ice Shelf
February 17, 2002
MODIS images courtesy of NASA's Terra satellite

63. Larsen Ice Shelf
February 23, 2002
MODIS images courtesy of NASA's Terra satellite

64. Larsen Ice Shelf
March 5, 2002
MODIS images courtesy of NASA's Terra satellite

65. +12˚
? ?
+1˚
?
?

67. Photo courtesy Peter Essick/National Geographic Society

69. Photo: Manuel Jung, www.sternklar.ch

70. The Netherlands’ Levees

71. U.S. Protection for New Orleans

72. “The maps of the world will
have to be redrawn.”
Sir David King,
U.K. Science Advisor, in regard to what is happening in Greenland

78. We are witnessing a
collision between our
civilization and the earth
3 factors are
causing this collision:

79. 3 Factors
1 The Population Explosion
The Scientific and
2
Technological Revolution
3 Our Way of Thinking

80. Population Growth Throughout History
World Population
9 2050 – 9.1 Billion
8
7
2006 – 6.5 Billion
6
5
Billions
4
3
1945 – 2.3 Billion
2
1 1776 – 1 Billion
First Modern Humans 1492 – 500 Million
0
160,000 100,000 10,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 1 1,000 2,000 2,150
B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D.
Source: United Nations

81. Global Population
8%
6%
Population (Billions)
4%
Developing Nations
2%
Developed Nations
0%
1975 2000 2025
Source: United Nations Population Division, 2000

83. Bolivia
1975 2003
Source: UNEP

84. replac
e

85. South American Fires
August 9–18, 2006
Wildfires Worldwide
Source: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center

86. 3 Factors
1 The Population Explosion
The Scientific and
2
Technological Revolution
3 Our Way of Thinking

87. Old
Habits
Predictable
+ = Consequences
Old
Technology

88. Old
Habits Dramatically
+ = Altered
Consequences
New
Technology

92. Colorado River

93. 3 Factors
1 The Population Explosion
The Scientific and
2
Technological Revolution
3 Our Way of Thinking

94. Two Misconceptions
• Do we have to choose between the economy
and the environment?
• OK, if we accept that it’s real and that we’re
causing it, isn’t this problem so big that we can’t
possibly fix it?

96. Comparison of Fuel Economy and GHG
Emissions Standards Around the World
55
EU
50
MPG—Converted to CAFE Test Cycle
Japan
45
40
China
35
Australia
Canada California
30
25
US
20
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

97. Change in Market Capitalization
February 2005 – August 2006
50%
40%
30% +39.1%
20%
+22.6%
10%
GM Ford
0%
Toyota Honda
-10% -15.9%
-20%
-30% -38.1%
-40%
-50%
Source: Forbes.com; Marketwatch.com

98. Two Misconceptions
• Do we have to choose between the economy and
the environment?
• OK, if we accept that it’s real and that we’re
causing it, isn’t this problem so big that we
can’t possibly fix it?

100. The CFC Success Story
Production of Chlorofluorocarbons in Selected Countries,
1986-1997
U.S. China Germany Japan India France
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996
Source: UNEP, 1999

102. 3 Considerations
1 Reduce Carbon Emissions
2 Rethink Waste and Resource Use
3 Create Healthier Environments

103. Global CO2 Emissions 1751–2002
8000
7000
6000
5000
Million Metric Tons
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

105. CO2 Emissions
industry transportation buildings
800
48%
700
Metric Tons of Carbon (millions)
600
27%
500
400
300 25%
200
100
0
50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration

106. Buildings - 48%
Residential Commercial Industrial
21% 17% 10%
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration

107. Buildings - 48%
Residential Commercial Industrial
21% 17% 10%
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration

108. US Energy Production
oil - 2%
hydro - 4% solar/wind - 1%
54% of gas - 18%
American adults think electricity is produced
by a combination of solar, nuclear and hydropower.
(2006 Roper Report)
coal - 55%
nuclear - 20%
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration

109. US Energy Production
54% of American adults think electricity is produced
by a combination of solar, nuclear and hydropower.
(2006 Roper Report)
oil - 2%
hydro - 4% solar/wind - 1%
75%
gas - 18%
Fossil Fuels
coal - 55%
nuclear - 20%
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration

110. Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident
In 1979, the US energy producing
landscape was dramatically altered.

111. Growth in Fuel Use
oil renewables natrual gas nuclear coal
900
750
600
Growth (billion kWh)
450
300
150
0
-150
-300
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration

112. Building Energy Consumption
How does a typical building use energy?
other - 10%
heating - 29%
equipment - 13%
refrigeration - 3%
cooking - 1%
cooling - 7%
lighting - 22%
ventilation - 11%
water heating - 4%
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration

113. Building Energy Consumption
other - 10%
heating - 29%
equipment - 13%
refrigeration - 3% 69%
cooking - 1%
cooling - 7%
lighting - 22%
ventilation - 11%
water heating - 4%
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration

114. Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation

115. CFL LED

117. Energy Consumption by Sector
20%
17%
13%
11%
10%
9%
8%
7%
6%
ice
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g
se
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ar
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&
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ea
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Fo
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source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration

118. Energy Consumption/SF
60
40 kWh/sf greater
53 than the average
50
40
400% 36
30
27
20
19 Average for all commercial
15 buildings - 13.4 kWh/sf
10 12
8 7
5 4
0
les
ice
e
ce
g
y
n
se
nt
us
in
bl
ar
io
ca
ou
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ffi
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Lo
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od
lth
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ar
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Fo
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source: 1995 US Energy Information Administration

119. Largest Retailers
Name Number of Stores Total SF Area in Chain
Wal-Mart 4,091 923,136,390
Home Depot 2,215 287,950,000
The Kroger Company 3,645 144,483,350
Costco Wholesale 513 68,229,000
Target Corporation 1,537 295,202,368
Sears Holdings 3,800 342,000,000
Walgreens Company 5,858 82,012,000
Lowe’s Companies 1,425 165,300,000
CVS Corporation 6,200 71,300,000
Safeway Incorporated 1,755 80,730,000
31,039 2,460,343,108

120. 2,460,343,108 sf x 13.4 kWh/sf = insanity

121. Alaska
Delaware
Hawaii
Idaho
Maine
32,968,597 mWh
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Mexico
32,500,630 mWh
North Dakota
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
West Virginia
Wyoming

122. 3 Considerations
1 Reduce Carbon Emissions
2 Rethink Waste and Resource Use
3 Create Healthier Environments

123. Human consumption surpassed the
regenerative capacity of the planet around
1980, and we are now pushing its systems
well beyond their ability to heal.
National Academy of Sciences

124. Industrial Age Business Model
Virtually endless supply of cheap raw materials.
Abundant cheap energy.
Plentiful cheap labor that’s easy to replace.

126. 37% of all landfill refuse
is generated by building related construction
source: EPA

127. 1 31
source: Ray Anderson, CEO of Interface Carpet

129. Building Waste
plastics - 5%
bricks - 5%
metals - 5%
asphalt roofing - 5%
concrete - 45%
drywall - 10%
wood - 25%
source: EPA

130. Sourcing
Store
Design Fabrication Installation
Opening
End of Life
Waste
Waste Waste

131. Rapidly Renewable Reduce
Sustainable Harvest
New Technologies
Salvage Reuse
Reclamation
Recycled Content Recycle
Store
Sourcing Design Fabrication Installation
Opening
Re-Source End of Life

132. Re-Sourcing

136. Waste Pyramid
Eliminate
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Burn
Landfill

137. Re-Source Pyramid
Eliminate
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Burn
Landfill

138. Recycle - Post Consumer
Ice Stone 3Form ecoresin
Shetka Stone Alkemi

139. Reuse
Colonial Barn
Bleacher stock from
Terra Mai

140. Reduce - Salvage
Ancientwood Buckskin
Halm Lumber

141. Reduce - Rapidly Renewable
Smith & Fong Plyboo
Cork Mesquite

142. 3 Considerations
1 Reduce Carbon Emissions
2 Rethink Waste and Resource Use
3 Create Healthier Environments

144. Environmental Facts
Exposure Size: 1 Hour (60 minutes)
Exposures Per Day: 8
Amount Per Exposure
Toxic Score 100
PPM
VOC
Paint 124.05
Stains 37.44
Adhesives 67.30
Coatings 0
Formaldehyde
MDF Panels 105.41
Acoustic Ceiling Tiles 59.72
Carcinogens 22
Hormone Disruptors 15
srotpursiD enomroH 51
snegonicraC 22
seliT gnilieC citsuocA 27.95
slenaP FDM 14.501
edyhedlamroF

147. Socio-Economic
Societal Economic
Sustainable Design
Enviro-Societal Eco-Environmental
Environmental

148. LEED - Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Sustainable Sites
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Innovation and Design Process

149. Building Green
Sustainable Buildings & Construction Initiative
US Green Building Council
Architecture 2030
Cradle to Cradle
Energy Star
Green Peace
Forest Stewardship Council
Global Green

150. Greenbuild
Living Green Expo
Building Green Together
ECOBuild America
Go Green Expo
EcoWave 2007
West Coast Green Conference
Green Building Expo
Earth Day
Green + Design

151. Diminishing Return
Ideal Average Limited LEED Certification
LEED
Certification
Return on Investment
Break Point
Added Effort (Capital + Time)

152. Life Cycle Analysis
Input Output
Source Extraction Raw Materials Atmospheric Emissions
Raw Materials Manufacturing Waterborne Wastes
Fuel Packaging & Transport Solid Wastes
Energy Use & Maintenance Co-products
Recycle or Waste Other Releases
source: EPA Life Cycle Assessments

154. Thank You!