The ESG 80-2 Earth Fault Locator is an instrument used to pinpoint the location of sheath faults in cables. It has high sensitivity down to 0.14V and 0.5mV with amplification. The device uses the step voltage method to detect voltage peaks at the fault location by varying the distance between earth spikes inserted into the ground. Key features include active mode with amplification and compensation, passive mode without batteries, and six sensitivity ranges for precise fault detection down to the microamp level.