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Presentation by:
      Richard Young
Senior Engineer/Director of Education
The 6th Annual The Following background slides are from the
UC, CSU, CCC Sustainability Conference: June 24-27th, 2007

             Energy Efficient LEDs
       For Sustainable Solid-State Lighting


    Slides are included in this presentation courtesy of:

                     Steve DenBaars
          Solid State Lighting and Display Center
              Materials and ECE Departments
          University of California, Santa Barbara




               What is a Blue LED?


  L.E.D.= Light Emitting Diode




   Blue LED            An LED produces light by combining
                       positive and negative charges inside a
                           Gallium nitride (GaN) crystal.
The Advantage of LED Lighting
Long life – lifetimes can exceed 100,000 hours as compared to 1,000 hrs
for tungsten bulbs.

Robustness – no moving parts no glass no filaments
                       parts,   glass,   filaments.

Size – typical package is only 5 mm in diameter.

Energy efficiency – up to 90% less energy used
translates into smaller power supply.

Non-toxicity – no mercury.

Versatility – available in a variety of colors; can be pulsed.

Cool – less heat radiation than HID or incandescent




     Luminous Efficacy of Various Light Sources

                                                                      Current number for
                                                                   GaN white LED at UCSB
                                                                    is
                                                                    i 116 lm/W ucsb chip
                                                                           l /W    b hi
                                                                    143 lm/W partner chip
                                                       x
                                                             LED


                                                             First white LEDs were only
                                                               5lm/W at 20mA (1995)


                                                      2006
                Graph taken from www.lampteck.co.uk
3 Methods of Generating White LEDs

   White Light         White Light                                White Light


                                      RGB Light   Green, Red
                                                  phosphors
 Blue GaN LED                          UV light    Blue Light


                       UV GaN LED                                   Blue GaN LED
 Green GaN LED
                          Substrate                                  Substrate



                    UV + Phosphors                             Blue + Phosphors
 Red GaAs LED
                    -best CRI, color                           -lowest cost
                    -uniformity                                -30 lm/W
Multi-Chip, RGB     -low cost                                  ->90%market share
-best efficiency    -improved reliability
-highest cost
“The Promise” Energy Usage Comparison

         LEDs Save 53Watts
                                    60

                                    50
               Power Used (Watts)                            60W Bulb
                                    40

                                    30                       Compact
                                                             Fluor.
                                    20
                                                             LED
                                    10

                                    0
                                         Light Source




“Best” White LED and Compact Fluorescent vs. 60Watt Light Bulb Comparison




               Technical considerations
     • Heat sinks are critical!
     • Power supplies are critical!
           – constant voltage and current
     •    Expensive at the moment
     •    Costs are dropping
     •    Can be placed in unique locations
     •    Install for eventual relamping
           – non-permanent location
     • Lots of innovative products!
Practical applications
 •   Exit signs
 •   auto/truck lights
 •   stop lights
 •   flashlights
     fl hli h
 •   signage - backlighting
 •   spot lights, floodlights, basic “a” lamps
 •   pendants, down-lights
 •   linear, string and cove lighting
 •   ambient, textural theatrical
     ambient textural, theatrical, ultraviolet
 •   parking lot, path lighting
 •   task (desktop)
 •   neon replacement
 •   case lighting and under-counter lighting




              Promising applications
                 for food service




                                                R16 flood light
                                       4.8 watt LED = 20 watt halogen
                                      cool or warm white and CRI = 80
         R30 flood light                             $50
 11 watt LED = 60 watt halogen
cool or warm white and CRI = 80
             $120
LED Decorative ($180)




LED fixture = 2 watts      incandescent fixture = 40 watts
                            mini - CFL fixture = 9 watts
www.everlumelighting.com




            LED Downlight ($210)




                            source: www.everlumelighting.com
Neon replacement and Signage
   Specialty applications
     Decorative lighting
LED Cove Lighting Modules
         ($150)




             2 lamps = 1 watt each unit
                 requires transformer
                      i t       f
           fits into flexible track sockets



            source: www.everlumelighting.com
source: www.lighting.philips.com




   Basic retrofit application:
LED lamps in existing EXIT signs.
The new standard: LED Exit signs




   •   $50/year savings
   •   new sign cost $30
   •   no relamping = reduced maintenance costs
   •   no burnouts = increased safety
   •   less than 5 watts per sign.




                LED Candle




                                       Norex enterprises
Korean Store wrapped in LEDs




                                            source: www.xilver.nl




      Future SSL Displays
   Pocket Projector/Cell Phone




   Prototype from Novalux using frequency double lasers
Led lighting strategies

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Led lighting strategies

  • 1. Presentation by: Richard Young Senior Engineer/Director of Education
  • 2. The 6th Annual The Following background slides are from the UC, CSU, CCC Sustainability Conference: June 24-27th, 2007 Energy Efficient LEDs For Sustainable Solid-State Lighting Slides are included in this presentation courtesy of: Steve DenBaars Solid State Lighting and Display Center Materials and ECE Departments University of California, Santa Barbara What is a Blue LED? L.E.D.= Light Emitting Diode Blue LED An LED produces light by combining positive and negative charges inside a Gallium nitride (GaN) crystal.
  • 3. The Advantage of LED Lighting Long life – lifetimes can exceed 100,000 hours as compared to 1,000 hrs for tungsten bulbs. Robustness – no moving parts no glass no filaments parts, glass, filaments. Size – typical package is only 5 mm in diameter. Energy efficiency – up to 90% less energy used translates into smaller power supply. Non-toxicity – no mercury. Versatility – available in a variety of colors; can be pulsed. Cool – less heat radiation than HID or incandescent Luminous Efficacy of Various Light Sources Current number for GaN white LED at UCSB is i 116 lm/W ucsb chip l /W b hi 143 lm/W partner chip x LED First white LEDs were only 5lm/W at 20mA (1995) 2006 Graph taken from www.lampteck.co.uk
  • 4. 3 Methods of Generating White LEDs White Light White Light White Light RGB Light Green, Red phosphors Blue GaN LED UV light Blue Light UV GaN LED Blue GaN LED Green GaN LED Substrate Substrate UV + Phosphors Blue + Phosphors Red GaAs LED -best CRI, color -lowest cost -uniformity -30 lm/W Multi-Chip, RGB -low cost ->90%market share -best efficiency -improved reliability -highest cost
  • 5. “The Promise” Energy Usage Comparison LEDs Save 53Watts 60 50 Power Used (Watts) 60W Bulb 40 30 Compact Fluor. 20 LED 10 0 Light Source “Best” White LED and Compact Fluorescent vs. 60Watt Light Bulb Comparison Technical considerations • Heat sinks are critical! • Power supplies are critical! – constant voltage and current • Expensive at the moment • Costs are dropping • Can be placed in unique locations • Install for eventual relamping – non-permanent location • Lots of innovative products!
  • 6. Practical applications • Exit signs • auto/truck lights • stop lights • flashlights fl hli h • signage - backlighting • spot lights, floodlights, basic “a” lamps • pendants, down-lights • linear, string and cove lighting • ambient, textural theatrical ambient textural, theatrical, ultraviolet • parking lot, path lighting • task (desktop) • neon replacement • case lighting and under-counter lighting Promising applications for food service R16 flood light 4.8 watt LED = 20 watt halogen cool or warm white and CRI = 80 R30 flood light $50 11 watt LED = 60 watt halogen cool or warm white and CRI = 80 $120
  • 7. LED Decorative ($180) LED fixture = 2 watts incandescent fixture = 40 watts mini - CFL fixture = 9 watts www.everlumelighting.com LED Downlight ($210) source: www.everlumelighting.com
  • 8. Neon replacement and Signage Specialty applications Decorative lighting
  • 9. LED Cove Lighting Modules ($150) 2 lamps = 1 watt each unit requires transformer i t f fits into flexible track sockets source: www.everlumelighting.com
  • 10. source: www.lighting.philips.com Basic retrofit application: LED lamps in existing EXIT signs.
  • 11. The new standard: LED Exit signs • $50/year savings • new sign cost $30 • no relamping = reduced maintenance costs • no burnouts = increased safety • less than 5 watts per sign. LED Candle Norex enterprises
  • 12. Korean Store wrapped in LEDs source: www.xilver.nl Future SSL Displays Pocket Projector/Cell Phone Prototype from Novalux using frequency double lasers