The Development Of Empathy

The Development of Empathy
The Development of Empathy
– a literature review –
[pic]
Empathy cannot be taught, but it can be caught
– Mary Gordon –
Student: Vanessa Anseline
Introduction
Empathy and caring is an essential part of human health. We love because we can empathize
(Szalavitz & Perry, 2010). Empathy underlies everything that makes society work; such as altruism,
collaboration, love and charity. Failures to empathize are a key part of social problems, such as
crime, violence, war, racism, child abuse and inequity. Although we are genetically predisposed to
care for others, the development of empathy requires a lifelong process of relational interaction
(Szalavitz & Perry, 2010). More importantly, the first relationship humans experience, the ... Show
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The metacognitive feedback plays an important role in taking into account one's own mental
competence in order to react (or not) to the affective states of others (Decety & Meyer, 2010).
This literature review of the emergence of empathy does not adhere to any particular theoretical
models, but to summarize research findings about what contributes to empathic responses. Firstly,
we will focus on infants' early social interactions. We focus on imitation, emotion matching, and
emotional contagion as precursors of empathy. These support the formation of strong bonds of
attachment with primary caregivers. This relationship promotes reciprocal responsiveness in the
infant. Following a section on emotional attunement, we discuss research relating to infants' abilities
to discriminate emotions. Responses to other people's displays of emotion are discussed and
associated with prosocial behaviour and the cognitive skills that support its development. While
there is little research addressing the neurobiology of empathy during infancy, links are proposed
between studies of infant behaviour and neurospscyhology studies.
Imitation, Emotion Matching, and Mirror Neurons Babies are born with two important skills to
prepare them for empathy – the ability to begin to imitate facial gestures and the automatic

responses in which the cries of other infants causes another infant to cry (Szalavitz & Perry, 2010).
From the first hour after birth, babies can imitate several
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Target Strategic Outline
I. Mission Statement: II. External Environmental Analysis a. Remote environment – these are the
factors, which affect all businesses, and frequently, neither the business nor the industry has any
control over them – examples: i. Entry barriers ii. Social iii. Political iv. Technological v. Ecological
factors vi. Economic factors: The economy has a major influence over the retail industry. Target 's
market has a very broad scope. When the economy affects the purchasing ability of its customer
base, customers turn to less expensive commodities offered by discount retailers. b. Industry
environment: i. Entry barriers A. Economies of scale: Target can compete well against county
general stores, surplus and salvage stores, Army ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The average non–supervisory retail worker 's hourly wage was $9.17 and average weekly hours
were 28.7. As a result of increasing technology, information technology and information services
retail professionals have been called upon and now play substantial roles in the discount stores
infrastructure. e. Environmental factors: In another effort to draw and retain loyal customers
involved the promotion of environmental awareness. In addition to touting recyclable and
environmentally friendly products, many discount stores attempted to cut back on lighting, heating,
cooling, and other energy–draining expenses. They also began using recycled paper for printed
advertisements and signboards. Target also sponsored Kids for Saving the Earth, a grass roots
environmental organization. IV. Key Success Factors – these are the characteristics derived from
the above factors, which any business must have in order to be successful in the SPECIFIC industry
being considered – examples: a. Location: Target 's corporate headquarters are located in
Minneapolis, Minnesota. b. Hours open c. Inventory levels d. Capital e. Technology f. Management
skills g. Distribution system: More distribution centers to increase volume and improve inventories.
In 2003, the company invested $3.2 to $3.4 billion, mostly in new square footage for Target stores,
and the distribution infrastructure and systems to support this. A few years ago Target suffered from
high out–of–stocks. This

Building the Emotional Intelligence of Groups
80
HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW
By now, most executives have accepted that emotional intelligence is as critical as IQ to an
individual 's effectiveness. But much of the important work in organizations is done in teams. New
research uncovers what emotional intelligence at the group level looks like–and how to achieve it
Building the
Emotioncil Intelligence of Groups
W
by Vanessa Urch Druskat and Steven B. Wolff
HEN MANAGERS EIRST STARTED HEARING ABOUT
the concept of emotional intelligence in the 1990s, scales fell from their eyes. The basic message,
that effectiveness in organizations is at least as much about EQ as IQ, resonated deeply; it was
something that people knew in their guts but that had never before been so well ... Show more
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In this article, we 'll explore how emotional incompetence at any of these levels can cause
dysfunction. We 'll also show how establishing specific group norms that create awareness and
regulation of emotion at these three levels can lead to better outcomes. First, we 'll focus on the
individual level–how emotionally intelligent groups work with their individual members ' emotions.
Next, we 'll focus on the group level. Andfinally,we 'll look at the cross–boimdary level.
Working with Individuals ' Emotions
/(// Kasper, head ofher company 's customer service department, is naturally tapped tojoin a new
cross–functional team focused on enhancing the customer experience: she has extensive experience
in and a real passion for customer service. But her teammatesfind she brings little more than a bad
attitude to the table. At an early brainstorming session, Jill sits silent, arms crossed, rolling her eyes.
Whenever the team starts to get energized about an idea, she launches into a detailed account of how
a similar idea went nowhere in the past. The group is confused: this is the customer service star they
've been hearing about? Little do they realize shefeels insulted by the very formation of the team. To
her, it implies she hasn 't done her job well enough.

Three Levels of Emotional Interaction
Make no mistake: a team with emotionally intelligent members does not

Research Proposal
Running head: EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON MALE AND FEMALE CHILDREN
AGES 4–11
What Are the Effects of Domestic Violence on Male and Female Children ages 4–11?
Candace Williams
University of South Carolina
Counseling Education Graduate Program Introduction
Purpose
The purpose of this research proposal is to identify the specific differences in the effects of domestic
violence in male and female children ages 4–11.
Justification of Proposed Research Child exposure to adult domestic violence and its effects has
increasingly become a concern for both practitioners and researchers. It is estimated that between
ten and twenty percent of children in the United States are exposed to domestic violence ... Show
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One weakness related to this study is that it is a correlation study; therefore, it was not possible to
draw any conclusions about casual relationships between risk factors and externalizing problems
(Baldry, 2007). Another weakness is that measures of direct and indirect victimization and those
measuring externalizing symptoms were based only on self reports. Other sources such as teachers,
social workers, and parents should be used in continuing studies to bring about new findings. Total
variance explained for each externalizing problems was low, which means that this problem remains
mostly unexplained by this model. This study informed the current proposal of the about the
exposure to domestic violence being overly dependent on adults'– usually mother's reports in
previous research. The current proposal will include children as the source of reporting family issues
of domestic violence. Parents are not always a reliable resource for reporting sensitive family issues
such as domestic violence. The study indicates that 'self–report measures from children themselves
can constitute a reliable measure, especially when dealing with children who are capable of reading
and writing" (Baldry, 2007).
Summary and Critique #2 Kimberly Barletto Becker, MA, Department of Psychology University of
Arizona and Laura Ann McCloskey, PhD, Department of Maternal and Child Health conducted a
study to examine the

The Issue Of Prison Confinement
Issues of Jail Confinement Vanessa Williams Western Carolina University April 9, 2015
Introduction According to Siegel & Bartollas, corrections is defined as the institutions and methods
that society uses to correct, control, and change the behavior of convicted offenders (2014).
Although society feels that the best way to take care of offenders is through confinement there are
many issues that come in hand while being incarcerated. Depending on how you look at the issues
whether they are psychological or physical, the top issues pertaining to issues of jail confinement
include Mental Health, Jail Crowding, Violence and Suicides. [ADD ONE MORE SENTENCE
AND TRANSITION] Mental Health Psychological factors contribute greatly to ... Show more
Jail Crowding [DEFINE FIRST AND SECOND–GENERATION JAILS] Since 1985, the Jail
Populations have nearly tripled with the top 3 States that exceed incarceration rates being Louisiana,
Texas and Mississippi. Unfortunately, some jails face overcrowding everyday, and are forced to
resort to denying prisoners or finding alternative means to reduce the number of prisoners. It is
reported that most of the overcrowding occurs in urban jails (e.g. The Tombs in NYC, the Cook
County Jail in Chicago, the Los Angeles County Jail and the Old District of Columbia Jail) (Siegel
& Bartillo, 2014). The main issue associated with overcrowding is inmate idleness. Inmate idleness
is when an inmate spends endless hours in a jail cell doing absolutely nothing that causes an inmate
to become restless. In first generation and second–generation jails, idleness is one of the factors
contributing to high rates of physical and sexual assaults amongst inmates (Siegel & Bartillo, 2014).
Violence Any institutional facility housing inmates with crimes varying, the common factor majority
of the inmates have anger and resentment, which in turn, turns into violence. The most common
types of violence inmates partake in, include but not limited to collective violence and riots and
physical assaults. Physical assaults come in various situations like inmate on inmate, inmate on staff
or staff on inmate (Siegel

Human Resources Management
CHAPTER 1
Changing Nature of Human Resource Management
After you have read this chapter, you should be able to:
●
Identify four major HR challenges currently facing organizations and managers. List and define
each of the seven major categories of HR activities. Identify the three different roles of HR
management. Discuss the three dimensions associated with HR management as a strategic business
contributor. Explain why HR professionals and operating managers must view HR management as
an interface. Discuss why ethical issues and professionalism affect HR management as a career
field.
●
● ●
●
●
3
HR TRANSITIONS
HR Management Contributes to Organizational Success
More effective management of human resources ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Executives believe that their emphasis on HR activities has contributed significantly to the Bank of
Montreal's achieving period profits for seven years in a row. In summary, it is evident that the
transition of HR management at GE Fanuc and at Bank of Montreal has enhanced organizational
competitiveness and success.1
4
Section 1 HR Management–Strategies and Environment

"
HR should be defined not by what it does, but by what it delivers.
DAVID ULRICH
Human Resource (HR) management
The design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human
talent to accomplish the organizational goals.
As human resources have become viewed as more critical to organizational success, many
organizations have realized that it is the people in an organization that can provide a competitive
advantage.2 Throughout the book it will be emphasized that the people as human resources
contribute to and affect the competitive success of the organization. Human Resource (HR)
management deals with the design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and
efficient use of human talent to accomplish organizational goals. In an organization, the
management of human resources means that they must be recruited, compensated, trained, and
developed.
"
HR Management Challenges
The environment faced by HR management is a challenging one; changes are occurring rapidly
across a wide range of

Ranavirus Vaccines
Vanessa Wuerthner
Instructor: Qing Deng
BIOL 537 Immunobiology
Term Paper
Due: 4–16–15
Death by Ranavirus: An Amphibian Killer
Emerging infectious diseases are thought to be a major contributor to a worldwide decline of
amphibians, with about one third of amphibians either threatened or endangered (Daszak,
Cunningham, & Hyatt, 2003). There are many pathogens that are known to infect amphibians,
including fungi, virus and bacteria. One such pathogen of great concern is the highly pathogenic
ranavirus (Bollinger, Mao, Schock, Brigham, & Chinchar, 1999; Collins et al., 2003; Daszak,
Cunningham, & Hyatt, 2003; Jancovich, Davidson, Seiler, Jacobs, & Collins, 2001;). Ranaviruses
are double stranded DNA viruses that belong to the family Iridoviridae ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Viruses, 2, 1959–1985.
Collins, J. P., Brunner, J. L., Miera, V., Parris, M. J., Schock, D. M., & Storfer, S. (2003).
Ecology and evolution of infectious disease. In: Semlitsch R (ed) Amphibian conservation.
Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp 137–151.
Daszak, P., Cunningham, A. A., & Hyatt, A. D. (2003). Infectious disease and amphibian population
declines. Diversity and Distributions, 9, 141–150.
Flajnik, M. F., Kaufman, J. F., Hsu, E., Manes, M., Parisot, R., & Du Pasquier, L. (1986). Major
histocompatibility complex–encoded class I molecules are absent in immunologically competent
Xenopus before metamorphosis. Journal of Immunology, 137, 3891–3899.
Flint, S. J., Enquist, L. W., Krug, R. M., Racaniello, V. R., & Skalka, A. M. (2000). Principles of
virology: Molecular biology, pathogenesis, and control. American Society for Microbiology, Press,
Washington.
Gantress, J., Maniero, G. D., Cohen, N., & Robert, J. (2003). Development and characterization of a
model system to study amphibian immune responses to iridoviruses. Virology, 311, 254–262.

Gendrault, J. L., Steffan, A. M., Bingen, A., & Kirn, A. (1981). Penetration and uncoating

Popular Film
Between 1970 and 1980 there was a cultural film explosion, there were over 200 films released by
major and independent studios that hyped major black characters and themes. Prior to the
Blaxploitation era black actors had been relinquished to playing small parts that usually presented
stereotyped images of the black race with roles such as waitresses or shoeshine boys. This however
all changed when in 1971 when the first successful black film "Sweetback's Baadasss Song" showed
a black man coming out on top over the white establishment. The term blaxploitation both helped
and destroyed the genre. While many blaxploitation films were box office successes, they also
fueled the public's perception of blacks as cold–hearted heroes, gangsters, ... Show more content on
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These movies didn't limit themselves to making style statements, or tracking ingenious petty crimes
and big rip–offs. Similar to other movies in the same genre, the women portrayed in the movie were
not well realized, or treated well. In one particular scene Shaft harshly tries to dismiss his one–night
stand, the woman in question then criticizes him for his callousness (Washington, 2000). While now
days the original "Shaft" wouldn't hold up as an action film, it is because most people are to young
to be aware of the elation that charged movie houses of the 70's as cheering black audiences saw a
dark–skinned hero –– iconic and masculine in his up–to–the–minute proto–fade haircut and
collection of leathers –– in total control of his destiny. Richard Roundtree's on–screen relish, which
was itself a kind of dynamism, connected to an audience hunger (Washington, 2000).
Perhaps even more successful than the original 'Shaft' movie was the accompanying soundtrack. The
upbeat and funky blues score reached number one on the music charts while also securing Isaac
Hayes a Grammy and Oscar for his efforts. The musical score managed to capture the spirit of John
Shaft and his New York City turf, with its slick and soulful sounds. Hayes is credited with
popularizing rap, which he employed in the "Theme From Shaft". Behind Shaft's opening credits,
Hayes belts out a funky

Interpersonal Communication Movie "Juno" Analysis
The main character in the movie Juno is a 16 year old girl named Juno. She is witty, sarcastic and
has a great sense of humor. Surrounded by the falling leaves of autumn, we find Juno drinking "like
ten tons of Sunny D" as she decides to take three pregnancy tests to confirm her worst fear. She is
pregnant. After a fateful and funny encounter with a pro–life schoolmate outside an abortion clinic,
("Fingernails? The baby already has fingernails?"), Juno decides to go through with the pregnancy.
Juno breaks the news to her best friend and father of the baby Paulie Bleeker, as well as her parents.
Surprisingly all parties seem very supportive of her plan to give the baby up for adoption. With the
advice from her friend Leah she searches ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is in his mid thirties acting like he's eighteen. This ultimately leads to him divorcing his wife.
Vanessa is not totally innocent in the dissolution of this marriage. She has pushed all of Mark's
interests into a small bedroom and the basement. When I saw this I thought of the saying "Out of
sight, Out of mind." She shows no interest in his hobbies. Mark is deceptive towards Vanessa for not
telling her how he really feels about becoming a father and Vanessa is guilty of not recognizing and
talking about the differentiation aspects of their marriage. Deception and differentiating are two
factors that can lead to the end of a relationship, especially if they are not recognized and dealt with
in a timely manner. (McCornack, 2010, p.338) There is a scene where Vanessa is upset with Mark
because he is totally uninterested in the shade of yellow she is painting the nursery Mark's remark is
that he thinks it is too early to paint, again skirting the issue. When Mark tells Vanessa he wants a
divorce, she still doesn't want to admit that he is serious about leaving she tells Juno he just has cold
feet. Once Juno leaves Vanessa tells Mark "Your shirt is stupid. (Referring to his cartoon–band shirt)
Grow up. If I have to wait for you to be Kurt Cobain, then I'm never going to be a mother".
(Reitman, 2007) She is clearly showing that her wants are above his in her mind. However

Examples Of Appearance And Judgement In Frankenstein
"Children learn to read around ages five and six when they have to attend school because an
education is required by law in the United States. People have to read when it is required by school,
but why do people choose to read? Reading can expand one's intelligence and touch one's emotions
when one ponders over characters, topics, and themes. Thinking about emotional topics can lead
people towards common views. When discussing the topic of appearance and judgment, one
common insight that becomes apparent is that looks do not determine one's personality. While it is
true that appearances can foreshadow danger, it seems evident that judgment should come from
personal knowledge. The topic of appearance and judgment is greatly exemplified in Mary Shelley's
Frankenstein as it becomes apparent that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first incident when the reader witnesses a passage of judgment that is based on one's appearance
is when the Frankenstein family adopts Elizabeth Lavenza. Elizabeth is found living in the streets
with a poor Italian family and Caroline Frankenstein adopts Elizabeth because she is a very pretty
girl. Elizabeth's beauty allowed people to judge her as pure and worthy so, despite all the other
children in the streets, Elizabeth is given a great education, a wealthy family, and a beautiful home.
On the contrary, when Victor creates his creature, Victor is so horrified by his ugliness that he flees
his apartment. When Victor later returns and finds that the creature is gone, Victor has the audacity
to celebrate and call the creature his "enemy". It is true that in nature, the creature would be a great
predator. The creature is great in stature, incredibly fast, incredibly strong, and exceedingly
intelligent. Weaker animals would be smart to run from this animal. However, Frankenstein's
creature is not an animal. The creature was comprised of the most perfect human limbs, organs, and
bones that Victor

Sadie Hawkins Day and Valentine Grams
By Felicia Jin ABC^2, Make–A–Wish and Chinese clubs sold Valentine grams and treats Feb. 9–13,
bringing the "sweets to sweeties" and funding for good causes. The gifts were purchased during the
week and distributed to classes today. ABC^2 (Academically Better Children's Club) held a bake
sale for the first time in the Main Hall and will be donating their proceeds to the St. Jude's Hospital.
"It's hard to say how much money we're trying to raise because it's our first time, but we're hoping
for a goal of around $300," said ABC^2 President Brandie To. The club sold store–bought muffins
in the main hall to raise money that will go towards helping children in the St. Jude Children's
Hospital. They also took orders for Valentine grams, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"To prevent competition, we initially only allowed one club to sell during the week. This year, we
made sure that the clubs talked to each other about selling similar items. As long as the officers of
Chinese Club are okay with it, we would allow it," explained ASB Club Commissioner Chris Ma.
"The two other clubs talked to us about selling valentine grams at the same time; we decided that it
was okay since Make–A–Wish's teddy bears looked different from ours and ABC^2 is donating to
charity," revealed Chi– nese Club President Shian Hong. All three clubs allowed the option of
sending the valentine grams anonymously. All grams are being delivered today during class. "I
bought a rose for my friend anonymously because I want to surprise her," said sophomore Jeffrey
Hua, just one of the many anonymous senders. According to Shian, almost all customers send
anonymously. While some students like to send anonymous gifts to their special someone, others
buy valentine grams for friends just to show a little love. "I bought a rose for my friend because she
told me she wanted one," said senior Leann Nguyen. However, a slight drop in sales this year
compared to previous years was noted and may be a possible effect of our country's recent economic
struggles, observed Shian. "Last year, we sold 50 grams. But I don't think the number of sales
exceeded that of last year's," said Shian on Chinese Club's sales status. Even then, the Valentine
gram sales succeeded in

Fruition : A Long Journey Accomplished
Bringing this dissertation to fruition was a long journey accomplished only because of the
contributed efforts of many. I thank my committee–Vance Holliday, Jay Quade, Vic Baker, Barbara
Mills, and Jeff Dean–for all their help, guidance, and encouragement. I feel lucky to have worked
under the supervision of such an eminent group of researchers. I especially appreciate my advisor
Vance Holliday, who was supportive of my decision to pursue an independent and initially unfunded
project. This research was funded by a handful of sources, including the National Science
Foundation (NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant #1041950; IGERT Fellowship in
Archaeological Science [University of Arizona]); the Geological Society of America ... Show more
Similarly, Steve Hall was a steady source of help and encouragement, especially in regard to
interpreting Holocene deposits in New Mexico. Karen Adams and Susie Smith were wonderful
resources on the botanical side of things. Conception of this research resulted from the convergence
of a handful of important influences over the years. Alfred Bodtke encouraged my childhood
rockhounding, even inviting me into his home to teach me lapidary work. My undergraduate mentor,
D.L. True, inspired a fascination with Southwest prehistory, and Debbie Elliott–Fisk introduced me
to Quaternary geology. During my master's thesis work, Vance Haynes instilled the importance of
meticulous chronometric control and fieldwork, and Bill Bull's enthusiasm about climatic
geomorphology was contagious. Finally, Carla Van West, Ed Huber, and Jeff Homburg introduced
me to the Carrizo Wash area as part of a contract archaeology project. Obtaining permits for
conducting fieldwork required navigating governmental bureaucracy, and Brenda Wilkinson (BLM),
Dave Simons (BLM), and David Eck (NM State Land Office) provided invaluable help getting
through the required process and paperwork. Spending extended periods of time in the field was
unequivocably the most enjoyable part of my dissertation work. Our chow mix Zoi was an
enthusiastic field hand, and she kept me safe and

Stereotypes In The Cosby Show
Zachary Jaglowski
Prof. Ghen Dennis–Zando
Media Literacy
11/23/14
The Cosby Show's Context in American Television The Cosby Show, was developed by actor Bill
Cosby as a means to address the issues of negative black stereotyping in American media. Cosby set
out to change how the media characterizes "typical black family in America. To undo what the
misconceptions and misrepresentation of African Americans in earlier television shows. To change
our society's perceived notions of African Americans For in the early years of television, African
Americans were characterized as servants, maids, custodians, and as uneducated individuals.
Families were depicted as low income, unemployed, poverty ridden, single parent households, living
in an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
African American viewers passed judgment on the show for not dealing with racism, prejudice, and
discrimination. The Cosby Show depicted unrealistic characters, not just unrealistic black
characters. Viewers believed the show did not portray the norms of the times. The series never
addressed addressed black–white relations, poverty, crime, and the cultural aspects of being an
African American family. The show was a prime example of least objective program (Croteau)
Timothy Havens, a doctoral candidate in Mass Media/Cultural Studies , wrote in a journal, " The
Cosby Show's appeal to non–white audiences were its representation of cultural integrity in the
midst of material plenty. The Cosby Show offered viewers the comfort of seeing characters with
whom they identified enjoy the spoils of Western capitalism for a change. Integral to their
enjoyment was the show's representation of a dignified blackness, which broke with centuries of
popular Western images of blacks. The Huxtables'blackness plays an integral role in disseminating
the 'universality' of this particular family unit"

Celebrity Endorsement
Connecting with Celebrities: Celebrity Endorsement, Brand Meaning, and Self–Brand Connections
Jennifer Edson Escalas James R. Bettman*
*Jennifer Edson Escalas is an Associate Professor of Management at the Owen Graduate School
of Management, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203, (615) 322–3493, fax (615) 3437177,
e–mail: jennifer.escalas@owen.vanderbilt.edu. James R. Bettman is the Burlington Industries
Professor at the Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham NC 27708–0120, (919) 660–
7851, fax (919) 681–6245, e–mail: jrb12@mail.duke.edu.
1
ABSTRACT
We propose that consumers appropriate brand symbolism that comes from celebrity endorsement to
construct and communicate their self–concepts. Study 1 finds that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
We provide the first empirical test of this latter implication of McCracken's view. After developing
our conceptual model in more detail, we present two studies that provide empirical support for the
notion that brand endorsement by celebrities with an image that consumers aspire to obtain enhances
consumers' self–brand connections, whereas brands endorsed by celebrities that consumers do not
aspire to be like detracts from such connections. These effects are augmented when there is a match
between the celebrity's image and the brand's image. These effects also are moderated by the degree
to which the brands are symbolic, that is, communicate something about the user. Finally, we show
that these effects are augmented when consumers feel an increased need for self–enhancement, in
response to a threat to self–esteem.
THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT Celebrity Endorsement, Meaning Transfer, and Self–Brand
Connections Possessions can be used to satisfy psychological needs, such as actively creating one's
self–concept, reinforcing and expressing self–identity, and allowing one to differentiate oneself and
assert one 's individuality (e.g., Ball and Tasaki 1992; Belk 1988; Kleine, Kleine, and Allen
4
1995). Possessions can also serve a social purpose by reflecting social ties to one 's family,

community, and/or cultural groups, including brand communities (Muniz and O'Guinn 2001).
Consumer

Segregated Children in the United States Essay
Segregated Children
From the 1880s to about the mid 1960s segregation had taken over American cities and towns.
Segregation is the act of setting someone or something apart from other people or things. In
America, African Americans were segregated from White people. Segregation was a result of the
abolishment of slavery twenty–five years before. Whites still wanted to feel superior to the Blacks,
and without slavery to chain them down, they decided to begin segregation by establishing Jim
Crow laws. Jim Crow laws segregated Americans, by the color of their skin, in all public facilities:
schools, restaurants, hospitals, schools, restrooms and more. The Whites had their own public
facilities and Blacks had their own public facilities. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many African American adults were not educated because slavery did not allow that, so they gave
the children a poor education to make them grow up like their parents. White schools had more
money for new books, new supplies, new desks and better teachers to give them better instructions.
For Blacks, they had teachers who did not receive as much training as White teachers, and they were
very underpaid making it a hard decision to keep teaching because other jobs like cleaning, which
had better pay. But they were very passionate to educate these young minds and creating a world
where they could have a dream to be educated and be whatever they dreamt to be. However, one
court case would change the whole education system, Brown vs. The Board of Education. When
Linda Brown was denied access to an all white school in Topeka, Kansas, her father claimed that it
violated the Constitutions Equal Clause. So the Court agreed that it violated the Clause of the
Fourteenth Amendment, this was one of many initial steps to eliminating segregation in schools and
eventually eliminate segregation everywhere. This decision did not go over well with Whites, for
example, when The Little Rock nine were integrated in the White schools, they were harassed by
White students and by their parents. Little Rock nine were nine students that were involved in the
desegregation of a school, but the

The Theme Of Love In Carver's 'Cathedral'
Carver's short story "Cathedral" is about a man and a woman who are married. The woman's blind
friend Robert, whose wife just died is coming to stay with them because he plans on visiting his
dead wife's relatives nearby. Robert knew the man's wife because she worked for him one summer,
reading to Robert. The wife and Robert stayed in touch over the years by sending tapes to each
other, and letting each other know about what was going on in their lives. When the man hears
Robert is coming over he makes idiotic comments about Robert's wife and felt that Robert would be
a burden on them because he is blind. The man and the woman proceed to argue over the situation.
The wife tells her husband, "If you had a friend, any friend, and the friend came to visit, I'd make
him feel comfortable" (Carver, "Cathedral" 34). The man responds to this by stating, "I don't have
any blind friends" (Carver, "Cathedral" 34). When Robert finally arrives, they converse, drink, and
eat together. After, the wife goes upstairs, the man and Robert begin to smoke some weed together.
While the wife was sleeping, they start watching TV together and talking. Robert asks the man to
explain to him what a cathedral looks like because cathedrals came up on the TV. The man has
trouble explaining it and cannot describe to Robert what a cathedral looks like. Then Robert asks the
man to draw a cathedral with him. Robert request that the man close his eyes, and they begin to
draw. This is where the story ends and it seems that this is when the man became aware of the
difficult lives blind people live as he could not explain what a cathedral looked like, and he could
not see his drawing.
"Cathedral" represents the theme of how important communication is to the success of relationships.
First, when the man finds out the woman's blind friend is coming he makes many rude comments.
As a result, the woman then starts to attack the man personally by saying, "You don't have any
friends" (Carver, "Cathedral" 34). Due to their poor communication, the man cannot simply express
that he is insecure that her friend is coming, and he also cannot tell his wife that he believes Robert
will be a burden because he is blind. Likewise, the man

2208
Stratus Winery
BUSI 2208 H
Introduction to Marketing
Winter 2010
Assignment 2: Individual Case Study
Professor Diane Isabelle
Thursday, March 4 2010
Table of Contents
I. Executive Summary 3
II. Problem Statement 3
III. Situation Analysis
External Analysis 3
Internal Analysis 5
IV. Segmentation Analysis 6
V. Strategic Alternative
Alternative 1: Golf with Stratus 9
Alternative 2: Learn with Stratus 9
Alternative 3: V.I.P. After Party 10
VI. Recommendation 11
VII. Implementation 12
VIII. Conclusion 12
IX. References 13

X. Appendices 15
I. Executive Summary Stratus Vineyards is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With per capita wine consumption increasing and per capita beer consumption decreasing, Stratus
has the opportunity to capitalize on Canadian drinking preferences. While Generation Y has become
the new shopper (Neilson 2009), they have the least discretionary income of all the generational
cohorts and the younger portion is not legal to drink alcohol in all provinces of Canada. Stratus will
be challenged to target the largest buying power in Canada.
Technological
TastingRoom Inc. has launched a new technology that allows wineries to offer authentic 50 ml
sample–sized bottles of their products. The process allows for wineries to package and preserve the
exact quality and taste of their wine, in a sample size bottle. This is an excellent opportunity for
Stratus to promote and distribute their wine. Stratus' eco–conscious technologies are expensive and
technology has a reputation of becoming obsolete, Stratus faces the threat of their state–of–the–art
technologies becoming expendable.
Competitive
An opportunity for Stratus is the fact that the barrier of entry for a winery of their quality is very
high. Stratus is a leader in the eco–friendly and organic Canadian wine industry, and one of the only
buildings in Canada to be fully certifies by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
initiative. This provides Stratus the opportunity to capitalize on their leadership with eco–conscious
consumers looking for eco–friendly products. Although Stratus

Formula 1 Constructor
The resources, capabilities and attributes that are required for the success in Formula One (F1) can
be looked on a number of dimensions taking into consideration the unique and fast paced context of
Formula One. F1 is a highly competitive industry and based in a rapidly changing environment,
which has been defined by Porter's five forces (Appendix One). Key resources within F1 are both
tangible and intangible and can be considered under the following broad categories: Physical
Resources: The car and its components such as engines and chassis are vital resources but the
technological advancement determines its ability to win races. Test Tracks are also vital physical
resources both in the competitive context and in the ability to test ... Show more content on
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Though such advantageous technological strategic capabilities have been required by constructors
for competitive advantage, they have also become been a pivotal factor for the introduction of
increased legislation designed to reduce uncertainty and increase competition, such as the
introduction of generic tyres. The factors responsible for the success of the teams in their respective
periods of dominance can be considered through analysis of the organisations core competencies, a
form of competitive advantage which is usually a result of "collective learning processes" and are
manifested in business and activities and processes. The core competencies are those unique
capabilities, which usually span over multiple products or markets." (Hafeez 2002). Ferrari's
dominance in the mid 1970's Much of Ferrari's success during the period of the mid–1970's can be
attributed to the ability to build their race cars at the Maranello site without the need to outsource for
component parts. This created centralisation of knowledge and expertise, thus the ability to transfer
knowledge between departments without leakage. When Ferrari sold 40% of the company to Fiat, in
1969, providing huge cash injection thus acquiring the Fiorano test track allowing them to test the
change in any aspect of the car on the track and observe real time results. This

Brown Vs. Board Of Education
Segregated Children From the 1880s to about the mid 1960s segregation had taken over American
cities and towns. Segregation is the act of setting someone or something apart from other people or
things. In America, African Americans were segregated from White people. Segregation was a result
of the abolishment of slavery twenty–five years before. Whites still wanted to feel superior to the
Blacks, and without slavery to chain them down, they decided to begin segregation by establishing
Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow laws segregated Americans, by the color of their skin, in all public
facilities: schools, restaurants, hospitals, schools, restrooms and more. In this essay I will be
focusing on two main areas where segregation took place, in ... Show more content on
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But they were very passionate to educate these young minds and creating a world where they could
have a dream to be educated and be whatever they want. However, one court case would change the
whole education system, Brown vs. The Board of Education. When Linda Brown was denied access
to an all white school in Topeka, Kansas, her father claimed that it violated the Constitutions Equal
Clause. So the Court agreed that it violated the Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, this was one
of many initial steps to eliminating segregation in schools and eventually eliminate segregation
everywhere. This decision did not go over well with Whites, for example when The Little Rock nine
happened they were harassed by students and by the parents. Little Rock nine were nine students
that were involved in the desegregation of a school, but the Whites did not like this so they tried to
scare them so the schools would not be integrated. Segregation in schools did not just affect African
American childrens' education it also affected their childhood. As hard as it was for adults to be
segregated, it was even harder for the children to deal with it. Segregation gave African American
children the idea that they were beneath White people, it had a profound affect on them, lowering
self esteem. Tests were done to examine how segregation impacted African

Essay on Behavioral Treatments in Autism
Behavioral Treatments in Autism
Outline
I. Introduction
A. Infantile Autism
B. Operant Learning Theory
C. Behavior Techniques
II. Target Behaviors
A. Aberrant Behaviors
B. Social Skills
C. Language
III. Behavioral Techniques
A. Aversive Stimuli
B. Noncontingent Access to Preferred Stimulus
C. Collateral Changes
D. Self–Management
E. Incidental Teaching
IV. Conclusion
A. Assessment
B. Environment
C. Generalization Behavioral Treatments in Autism
Through the years since Kanner first described infantile autism, much research has amassed on
different methods of treating those diagnosed with autism and the various deficits and excesses they
possess. As the 1960's began, the learning theory approach to ... Show more content on
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Autism is a spectrum disorder with a wide range of symptoms and degrees of impairment. A person
with autism lives for the most part in an isolated world unaware of the impact their behavior has on
the immediate environment. Even though some may be high functioning, the majority (around 70–
75%) has some amount of associated learning disabilities and about 50% score below 50 on the IQ
scale. When there are profound cognitive impairments, adequate speech development is not likely,
and additionally the incidence of aberrant behavior increases (Howlin, 1996). Aberrant behaviors are
behavioral excesses that interfere with interaction opportunities within an individual's environment
(Matson, et al., 1996). Another high impacting area of deficiency is socialization skills. This area
includes decreased responding to verbal initiations of others, inappropriate affect or facial

expression during communicative interactions, eye contact and preservation on the same topic even
when cues are given by the partner for a topic shift (Koegel, & Frea, 1993). Social skill impairment
has some relation to the language impairment. Expressive and receptive language difficulties occur
in a high percentage of autistic individuals. Difficulties in expressing thoughts and ideas can lead to
outbursts of anxiety, aggression, and self–injurious behavior in those with low ability and therefore
it is often incorporated into treatment approaches for

Love Is Patient. I Was Raised In A Highly Religious Family.
Love is Patient
I was raised in a highly religious family. I have attended church every Sunday morning, Sunday
night, and Wednesday night since the Sunday after I was born. I was always taught that faith, hope,
and love were the three cardinal virtues of my entire life. In 1 Corinthians 13:4–8, we are told,
"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor
others, it is not self–seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not
delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always
perseveres. Love never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease; where there are
tongues, they will be stilled; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is the story of the truest and purest heartbreak I have ever felt: a heartbreak at the hands of my
brother.
At seventeen years old, I felt I was finally becoming the person I wanted to be for the rest of my life.
Naturally, I wanted to share this discovery with the rest of the world. I conveyed it through my
music, my activities, my social media, and any other way I possibly could. There were those who
wished to silence my voice, but I would not allow myself to be quieted. You see, I had worked too
long and too hard to find myself and there was no way I was going to lose her in the clamor of loud
voices shouting "no" around me. I did not find this too extraordinarily difficult, as I began to
surround myself with those who would accept and assist me in my growth. However, this safe haven
of peers came crashing down around me when I got a text message from my brother one evening.
Somehow, he had learned of my political views which were, naturally, drastically different than his.
My brother is my hero. He is a United States Marine, enlisted when he was nineteen years old, two
years ago. He has tirelessly trained to be a good Marine, the best he could be, and has already been
in positions of authority. He is a leader, and a good one. But sometimes, he forgets who the real
enemy is. He forgets that I adore him and look up to him in every way.
My brother tore

Consumer Emotional Intelligence: Conceptualization,...
1
Consumer Emotional Intelligence: Conceptualization, Measurement, and the Prediction of
Consumer Decision Making*
*Accepted for publication to Journal of Consumer Research on 09/14/2007.
2
This research details the development of the "Consumer Emotional Intelligence Scale" (CEIS)
designed to measure individual differences in consumers' ability to use emotional information.
Scale development procedures confirmed the theoretical structure of the 18–item scale. Results
supported the scale's reliability and its discriminant and nomological validity. Our consumer
domain–specific measure predicted food choices better than a more domain–general alternative.
Furthermore, consumer emotional intelligence predicted food choices beyond ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Understanding these emotional abilities can provide a means to subsequently improve the quality of
consumption decisions.
In this research, we develop and validate a measure of emotional intelligence (the
Consumer Emotional Intelligence Scale–CEIS©; www.ceis–research.com) in hopes that these and
other consumer issues might be thoroughly examined. In the next sections, we provide an overview
of emotional intelligence (EI), ability–based models of EI, and the four–dimension structure
underlying this model, along with a rationale for how the consumer domain provides a unique
context in which domain–specific EI measurement is needed.
5
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a relatively new domain, having recently gained widespread
international attention (Roberts, Zeidner, and Matthews 2001), with momentum in part because of
the importance of emotion in everyday life (Goleman 1995). However, some researchers have
questioned whether EI is anything more than a set of existing personality variables (Davies,
Stankov, and Roberts 1998). As a result, Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso (2000) distinguished between
ability models and mixed models of EI. They focused their research on the development and
validation of models of emotional ability (Mayer, Caruso, and Salovey 1999) and warned that
models that "mixed" abilities lacked internal consistency, since they included mental abilities along
with a variety of personality

The Odyssey Essay
Throughout vast journeys of many heroes, no other hero had a more complex journey than
Odysseus. This journey is called The Odyssey, written by Homer. It is an epic poem or story told of
a hero name Odysseus on a 20–year voyage trying to get back home from the Trojan War. The great
epic poem known as The Odyssey and attributed to Homer was probably first written down around
the eighth century BC, but the origins of the ancient story in myth, legend, and folklore and art
appear to be much older. Greek Epic Hero When you think about Greek Epic heroes, Odysseus will
most likely come to mind. Odysseus is the main character in Homer's poem "The
Odyssey." "The Odyssey" is a narrative poem that describes Odysseus' adventures
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Odysseus is in trouble he always shows that he is depending on the gods by praying to them.
The fact that the gods usually listen to him shows that he is well liked by the gods. In order to be a
Greek hero you had to be liked by the gods since religion was such a big part in their lives.
Odysseus, with the help of the gods, can survive adventures that kill most other men. Odysseus
travels to the island of the Cyclopians. The Cyclopians are giants that have one eye, they don't fear
the gods because they believe that they are better than the gods and they eat people. They represent
the opposite of what Greek men should be. Odysseus and his men meet Polyphemus the Cyclops.
Polyphemus being a Cyclops eats some of Odysseus' men. Odysseus with the help of the gods
figures out a plan to escape and he does. Scylla is a ferocious monster with six heads that kills most
men that pass by her island. She kills six of Odysseus' men. Odysseus prevents her from killing
himself and more men. There is another ferocious monster named Charybdis. Charybdis sucks in
water from the sea and creates a whirlpool that kills any ship that passes by. Odysseus passes by her.
His crew is killed and his ship is destroyed in the whirlpool but Odysseus alone survives. There is an
island that Odysseus passes by with monsters called Sirens on it. The Sirens sing beautiful songs
that lure ships toward them. The ships then crash into the island and the people are killed.

Is the Captivity of Killer Whales for Entertainment...
Is the captivity of Killer Whales for the entertainment of humans inhume?
Suppose you were kidnapped from your family as a child by an alien species while your family
watched in despair, crying out helplessly for your kidnappers to not rip you away from them. Now
imagine then being strapped down and transported to a place unknown and once you arrive, you see
that some of the other children that were also kidnapped have died. You then witness something that
will forever remain engraved into your mind; you witness those monsters that took you hostage cut
the children open, fill their bodies up with rocks, tie an anchor onto their feet and throw them into
the ocean. The monsters then throw you into a tiny cage; you learn that you will not ... Show more
They are removed from their natural habitats and deprived of the ability to take advantage of their
intelligence as well as freely engage in behaviors that come natural to them such as choosing when
and what to hunt, their social groupings, when to mate etc. which consequentially leads to both
physical and psychological damage. These showcases of whales desensitize both children and adults
to animal mistreatment and inhumanity (Born Free USA). The exploitation of Orcinus Whales is an
act motivated solely by greed and carelessness. These animals are being held captive and taken
advantage of so that humans can be entertained for a short time and so that organizations can
continue to feed off of their publicity and make millions of dollars a year off of their pain and
suffering. Although Orcinus Orca Whales are commonly referred to as Killer Whales because they
are known as powerful predators who "relentlessly [batter] their prey for hours at a time" (Robert L.
Pitman), Orcinus Orcas are actually the largest members of the dolphin family. According to the
MarineBio Conservation Society, Orcinus Orcas can "reach a maximum length of over 9m and can
weigh up to 7,257kg" (MarineBio.org) , which is equivalent to a weight of 15998.9 lbs and about
29.5ft in length. Killer whales can be found in all parts of the ocean and in most seas from the Arctic
to the Antarctic (NMFS: NOAA Fisheries). Considering the physical size of Orcas and the size of
their natural habitat

Company 's Mission, Vision, And Primary Stakeholders
Under Armour Genia Moses Dr. Lurlene Irvin Business Administration Capstone September 7,2016
Under Armour Table of Contents Introduction Company's mission, vision, and primary stakeholders
Five 5 forces SWOT Strategy Competitiveness and profitability Communications plan Strategy for
disseminating significance of the proposed solution to the various stakeholders Corporate
governance Effectiveness of leadership Empowering workers Labor and Human Rights References
Introduction Under Armour, Inc. is an American sports clothing and Accessories Company. The
company is a supplier of sportswear and casual apparel. Under Armour began offering footwear in
2006. Company's mission, vision, and primary stakeholders Under Armour 's mission is to have all
athletes better with passion, design and innovation. Vision Statement: To be the world 's #1
performance athletic brand Five 5 forces THREAT – LOW to MEDIUM: Interesting because Under
Armour was a new organization not long ago entrants must differentiate somehow, powerful
companies not willing to surrender market share and increasing apparel technology raises start–up
costs. SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS – MEDIUM: Low cost apparel appeal to casual athletes;
anything that could be worn during a workout could deliver same value for consumers. SUPPLIER
POWER – MEDIUM: Many producers of textiles, raw materials for apparel, large apparel
companies would catch their attention. However some apparel in this industry is

Leadership Development
R ESEARCH
The Development of Management and Leadership Capability and its Contribution to Performance:
The evidence, the prospects and the research need
John Burgoyne, Wendy Hirsh and Sadie Williams
Research Report RR560
Research Report No 560
The Development of Management and Leadership Capability and its Contribution to Performance:
The evidence, the prospects and the research need
John Burgoyne, Wendy Hirsh and Sadie Williams
The views expressed in this report are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect those of the
Department for Education and Skills. © Lancaster University 2004 ISBN 1 84478 286 7
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This report has been written by John Burgoyne, Wendy Hirsh and Sadie Williams as members ...
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.................49

Minimum Wage And Its Effect On The Society
Fnu Christopher
Professor Kahnamoui
Econ 301
July 22, 2015
Minimum Wage
Introduction
Minimum wage is the topic I chose because there has been a controversy regarding raising
minimum wage and the impact of minimum wage to the society. Whether it would aid workers or
not. There have been arguments of laypersons of increasing minimum wage to a very high level and
there are arguments against it.
History behind minimum wage
The Ordinance of Labourers (1349) is the forerunner to the minimum wage. The Ordinance was a
ruling by King Edward III who established a maximum wage for laborers in England (Mihm, 2013).
King Edward III was reliant on serfs to work his lands. In fall season 1348, Black Plague annihilated
the population in England (Thorpe, 2014). The severe scarcity of labor caused wages to climb and
caused King Edward III to set a wage ceiling. The Statute of Labourers (1351), which is one of the
amendments to the ordinance increased the penalties for paying a wage above the set rates (Mihm,
2013).
The wage ceiling laws were later used to set a living wage. An amendment to the Statute of
Labourers in 1389 set wages to the price of food. As times passed, the Justice of the Peace, who had
the authority in establishing the maximum wage, also began to establish official minimum wages.
King James I later formalized with the passage of the Act Fixing a Minimum Wage in 1604 for
workers in the textile industry (Mihm, 2013).
In the 1890s, modern legislative tries to adjust minimum

Future Business Leaders Of America Phi Beta Lambda
Future Business Leaders of America–Phi Beta Lambda is a nonprofit education association with a
quarter million students preparing for careers in business and business–related fields. FBLA–PBL is
headquartered in Reston, Virginia, and national levels. Business teachers, advisers, and advisory
councils guide local chapters. State advisers and committee members coordinate chapter activities
for the national organization.
The FBLA concept was developed in 1937 by Dr. Hamden L. The first high school chapter was
chartered in Johnson City, Tennessee on February 3, 1942. In 1958, the first PBL collegiate chapter
was chartered in Iowa. The Professional Division, originally the Alumni Division, began in 1979.
Joining FBLA–PBL in 1994 was the FBLA–Middle Level for students in grades 5–9.
The national board of directors is comprised of local teachers, state educators, business leaders, and
the division presidents.
Membership
FBLA–PBL is the largest business career student organization in the world. The high school division
has 215,000 members, while the postsecondary division reaches over 11,000 college students. The
newest group, FBLA–Middle Level, is showing remarkable growth with over 20,000 student
members. Finally, the Professional Division has reached over 3,000 members. Over 11,000 advisers
round out the group. Exclusive membership and career recognition programs are designed for each
division to provide additional personal and chapter development opportunities.
Funding &

Narrative Essay On April Brooks
I bet you're wondering what's so bad about having the name April. There's nothing wrong with it if
you're a female. I'm sorry, but If you don't know by now. I'm going to tell you just like I told
Destiny. I'm a man. A full grown man at that. I was born with an uncircumcised penis and a nut sack.
I also urinate standing up, and I have testosterone flowing through my veins. I know that you're
shocked just like all of the people I've come in contact with and are wondering how I got such a
feminine name. I'll get to that in a second. Let me tell you a little more about myself first. Other than
having the female name of April Brooks, I'm an eighties baby. I'm proud to say that I was born in an
era when it was cool to walk around wearing Kangol hats, super thick gold rope chains, socks with
penny loafers, and shoulder pads. My parents met in the sixties. Their names are Annie and Avery.
Back then my mom was a baddie. For those of you who don't know what a baddie is, it's a very good
looking woman. At the time, my ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gospel music played softly as the pots on the stove bubbled and spit steam into the atmosphere.
While preparing dinner, she often thought about having a beautiful daughter. The joys of having
another female in the house gave her an indescribable feeling on the inside, and she instantly had
baby fever again. Don't get me wrong. My mother loved her boys, but she was sick and tired of
mopping up piss from around the toilet. Not only that, she fell in the toilet on a daily basis because
none of the boys ever remembered to put the lid down. What she wanted more that anything was a
daughter. She wanted someone she could teach how to cook and do girly things with. She knew that
she would never be able to paint the boy's nails or take them shopping for bras, and makeup. So she
knew she had to have another baby and she had to do it within the next

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