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1. Miqdad Qadir
04151813005
Review of Articles

2. Knowledge Management: Practices and
Challenges
15 pages
Published in year 2000
Published industrial management and Data systems
Number of authors are 3.

3. Introduction to the authors
01 Babita Gupta: Assistant- professor (california university), doctrine degree from
california-university, research interest is in knowledge management.
02 Lakshmi layer: Assistant professor (university of dayton U.S.A) doctorate
degree (university of Georgia) research interest Group support system.
03 Jay E. Aranson: Assistant professor of Management( university of georgia
U.S.A) research interest (knowledge management and group support system)

4. Methodology used:
Data collected from magazines (Harvard business school
press),(Oxford university press), journals,(experts system and
applications).

5. Main body 1. Basic definition of knowledge and knowledge
Management are discussed.
2. Knowledge( facts, information, and skills acquired
by a person through experience or education)
3. Two types of knowledge
1.) Tacit knowledge 2.) Explicit knowledge
Polanyi 1958 defined these two
1. Knowledge gained through personal and
professional experience is tacit knowledge.
2. Knowledge that's easy to systematically
document.

6. Traditionally information & technology focused on
explicit knowledge.
But know they focus on tacit knowledge too
Trying to develop methods to convert tacit
knowledge into explicit.
Knowledge management (development, storage,
investigation and spreading of information and
skills with an organization to improve its business
performance)
Knowledge kind of a resource
Knowledge is managed efficiently to become
competitive and to be innovative.

7. Knowledge management is used in problem solving , dynamic learning, strategic planning and
decision making.
Industrial era companies improved efficiency and effectiveness by automating manual labour
and by reducing un- useful things.
Organizations are facing global competition to stay competitive companies should be
innovative in reducing costs, and expanding market, for this knowledge management is the
fundamental factor.
Knowledge management has two trends
1.measuring the intellectual capital of an organization.
Intellectual capital: knowledge that can be converted into value.
Developing measurement ratios/ indexes and benchmarks.
2. Knowledge mapping.

8. Capturing knowledge and
spreading it through the
organization.
It contains 4 process
1. Socialization: storing and
creating tacit knowledge
through direct experience.
2. Capture: conversion of
tacit knowledge what
learned from workshop
into explicit (written-
report).
3. Dissemination: (spreading
and distribution of Explicit
knowledge.
QUICK TIP
Try right clicking on a photo and
using "Replace Image" to
demonstrate your prototype.

9. Internalization:
Other individuals
use this
knowledge in
organization.
.

10. Conclusion:
i. To identify the knowledge management
trends,
ii. To find the knowledge management
challenges.
iii. To identify the role of information
technology in knowledge management.
Recommendations:
i.Finish the language barriers to
implement knowledge
management in international
companies.
ii. Cultural barriers
iii. Bring reward structure.

11. Thank you!