We propose Crop Vocabulary(CVO) as a basis of the core vocabulary of crop names that becomes the guidelines for data interoperability between agricultural ICT systems on the food chain. Since a single species is treated in different ways, there are many different types of crop names. So, we organize the crop name discriminated by properties such as scientific name, planting method, edible part and registered cultivar information. Also, Crop Vocabulary is also linked to existing vocabularies issued by Japanese government agency and international organization such as AGROVOC. It is expected to use in the data format in the agricultural ICT system. Presented in 45th Asia Pacific Advanced Network (APAN45) Meeting, Singapore (2018)

1. Crop Vocabulary(CVO) : Core Vocabulary of Crop Names
Hideaki Takeda, Sungmin Joo
National Institute of Informatics(NII)
Akane Takezaki, Tomokazu Yoshida
National Agriculture and Food Research
Organization(NARO) JAPAN
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2. Agricultural ICT systems are widely adopted to manage and record in the
agriculture fields efficiently. Interoperability among these systems is needed to
integrate and analyze such records to improve productivity of agriculture.
 Background
#イネ #米 #水稲 #riceplant
#OryzaSativa #rice #koshihikari
Data in agricultural ICT systems is
nonetheless not easy to federate and
integrate since the languages to
describe data are not unified.
It prevents federation and integration
of these systems and their data.
To provide the core vocabulary for crop names.
 Purpose
Standardization of crop names
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3. - Species is not crop!
- A single species is treated in different ways
by different stakeholders
by different market need
as different food
 Issues of crop names(1)
Standardization of crop names
#イネ #米 #水稲
#rice plant
#玄米 #米 #米 #koshihikari #ライス
Crop? Food?
#rice
Crop? Food?
“Scientific name : Oryza Sativa“ on food chain
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4. Three existing vocabularies in Japan issued by government agencies.
 Issues of crop names(2)
Standardization of crop names
① Agricultural chemical use reference(農薬登録における適用農作物名)
issued by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(MAFF)
② Agricultural chemical residue reference(農産物等の食品分類表)
issued by Health, Labour and Welfare Ministry(MHLW)
③ Food names in food composition database(日本食品標準成分表)
issued by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT)
#イネ #米 #水稲
#rice plant
#玄米 #米 #米 #ライス
#rice
① ②
③
#koshihikari
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5. Synonyms of existing vocabularies.
 Issues of crop names(2)
Standardization of crop names
① Agricultural chemical use reference
“わさびの根茎”
Root of wasabi
“わさびの葉”
Leaf of wasabi
“わさびの花”
Flower of wasabi
“わさび(根茎)”
Wasabi(root)
“わさび”
Wasabi
② Agricultural chemical residue reference
③ Food names in food composition database
“わさび”
Wasabi
ワサビの根茎
Root of wasabi
ワサビの葉
leaf of wasabi
ワサビの花
flower of wasabi
ワサビ
(Wasabi,
or Japanese horse-radish)
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ワサビ
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6. Designing of Crop Vocabulary(CVO)
Crop name(edible part)
Crop name(generic) Crop name(edible part1)
Crop name(edible part2)
......
 Define Crop names
Define activities with scientific name, synonyms,
mature/immature, edible part, cultivation method and cultivar
property.
ex) Okra(fruits) ,Okra(flower)
 Define hierarchy
ex) Okra(generic) Okra(fruits)
Okra(flower)
The hierarchy of crop names is organized by edible part.
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7. How to build CVO – collecting terms
Vocabulary Issued by terms
Agricultural chemical use reference Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries(MAFF)
893
Agricultural chemical residue reference Health, Labour and Welfare
Ministry(MHLW)
1,179
Food names in food composition database Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology(MEXT)
625
Cultivar list CAVOC 30,202
- Farmers
- Agricultural chemical experts
- Market operators
- Food distribution companies
- JA(Japan Agricultural cooperatives)
 Survey and interview to stakeholders
 Existing resource
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8. How to build CVO
Food names in food composition database
Agricultural chemical use reference
NCBI taxonomy Database
AGROVOC
Wikipedia
Crop guideline for Agriculture IT system
Cultivar listAgricultural chemical residue reference
Crop name(ja)
Species name
synonym
Scientific name English name
property
 Data-driven
Ver. Date initiated terms
0.91 2017/09/14 1,198
1.00 2017/10/19 1,188
1.05 2017/11/16 1,187
1.12 2018/01/10 1,191 8

9.  Okra(fruits) of CVO
ダウンロード
(Turtle形式)
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/オクラ(果実)
Outline of Crop Vocabulary
List of crop names
Link to URI of ..
Agricultural chemical use reference
Food names in food composition database
Agricultural chemical residue reference
NCBI taxonomy Database
AGROVOC ID
Wikipedia
Crop guideline for Agriculture IT system
Crop name
Species name
English name
Synonym
Scientific name
Broader concept
Crop Information
SKOS/Turtle 9
1,191 terms
(version 1.15)

10.  Okra(fruits) of CVO
ダウンロード
(Turtle形式)
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/オクラ(果実)
Outline of Crop Vocabulary
List of crop names
Link to URI of ..
Agricultural chemical use reference
Food names in food composition database
Agricultural chemical residue reference
NCBI taxonomy Database
AGROVOC ID
Wikipedia
Crop guideline for Agriculture IT system
Crop name
Species name
English name
Synonym
Scientific name
Broader concept
Crop Information
SKOS/Turtle 10
1,191 terms
(version 1.15)

11.  Okra(fruits) @en
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/オクラ(果実)
URI of Crop Names
オクラ Okra, Gumbo, lady finger
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12.  Okra of “Agricultural Chemical Use Reference”
URI of Crop Names
List of crop names
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/tekiyou_nousakumotu/オクラ
Link to URI of CVO
Crop Information
SKOS/Turtle
Crop name
Group name
Property value edible part : fruits
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13.  Okra of “Agricultural Chemical Use Reference”
URI of Crop Names
List of crop names
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/tekiyou_nousakumotu/オクラ
Link to URI of CVO
Crop Information
SKOS/Turtle
Crop name
Group name
Property value edible part : fruits
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14. http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/syokuhin_bunrui/オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/syokuhin_genryou/オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/hinsyu_meisyou/あじさい属_ノウム
Crop guideline for agriculture IT systems
Cultivar list
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/nousakumotumei_guideline/オクラ
URI of Crop Names
Food names in food composition database
Agricultural chemical residue reference
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15. http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/syokuhin_genryou/オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/tekiyou_nousakumotu/オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/syokuhin_bunrui/オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/オクラ(果実)
CVO
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/nousakumotumei_guideline/オクラ
Wikipedia
AGROVOC
Taxonomy DB
(NCBI)
オクラ
455045
オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/オクラ(果実).ttl
Federation of Crop data
Crop guideline for agriculture IT systems
Food names in food composition database
Agricultural chemical residue reference
Agricultural chemical use reference
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16. http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/syokuhin_genryou/オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/tekiyou_nousakumotu/オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/syokuhin_bunrui/オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/オクラ(果実)
CVO
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/nousakumotumei_guideline/オクラ
Wikipedia
AGROVOC
Taxonomy DB
(NCBI)
オクラ
455045
オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/オクラ(果実).ttl
Federation of Crop data
Crop guideline for agriculture IT systems
Food names in food composition database
Agricultural chemical residue reference
Agricultural chemical use reference
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17. API based on CVO
Crop names in Agricultural chemical use reference has
crop name, class name and property value.
Food names in Food composition database has
food name, food number, English name and scientific name.
http://cavoc.org/cvo/api/CVO_TekiyounousakumotuToCVO.php?term=いちょう(種子)
{"group": "イチョウ科", "scientific_name": "Ginkgo biloba"} (json)
Input : crop name in Agricultural chemical use reference
Output : English name and Scientific name
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18. API based on CVO
Crop name
English Name
Scientific name
Cultivar Information
CVO
Crop name
Class name 1
Class name 2
Property value
Food name
English name
Scientific name
Food Name
Food type
AGROVOC
Wikipedia
NCBI
Agricultural chemical use reference
Food names in food composition database
Agricultural chemical residue reference
NCBI taxonomy Database
AGROVOC ID
Wikipedia
Crop guideline for Agriculture IT system Group name 3
Group name 1
Group name 2
Food number
Crop name in Agricultural chemical use reference
English name and scientific name in Food composition database
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19. API based on CVO
Crop name
English Name
Scientific name
Cultivar Information
CVO
Crop name
Class name 1
Class name 2
Property value
Food name
English name
Scientific name
Food Name
Food type
AGROVOC
Wikipedia
NCBI
Agricultural chemical use reference
Food names in food composition database
Agricultural chemical residue reference
NCBI taxonomy Database
AGROVOC ID
Wikipedia
Crop guideline for Agriculture IT system Group name 3
Group name 1
Group name 2
Food number
Crop name
English name
Scientific name
Crop name in Agricultural chemical use reference
English name and scientific name in Food composition database
Crop name in CVO
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20. International interoperability using CVO
CVO Agricultural chemical use reference
Food names in food composition database
Agricultural chemical residue reference
NCBI taxonomy Database ID : 455045
AGROVOC ID : c_8557
Crop guideline for Agriculture IT system
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/tekiyou_nousakumotu/オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/オクラ(果実) http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/syokuhin_bunrui/オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/syokuhin_genryou/オクラ
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/nousakumotumei_guideline/オクラ
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/オクラ
Wikipedia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Bro
wser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=455045
http://artemide.art.uniroma2.it:8081
/agrovoc/agrovoc/en/page/c_8557?cl
ang=en
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21. Issues of International interoperability(1)
NCBI
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/ワサビ
Wasabi is the most well known Japanese condiments. However…
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Br
owser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=75806
Taxonomy DB
ID :75806
ワサビ(Wasabi)
X
ワサビダイコン(Horseradish)
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/ワサビダイコン
AGROVOC
https://pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plik:Armoracia_rusticana_03_ies.jpg
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22. Issues of International interoperability(2)
Shiso is a very popular herb in Japan.
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/シソ
Egoma
Scientific name : Perilla frutescens var. crispa
Scientific name : Perilla frutescens
http://cavoc.org/cvo/ns/1/エゴマ
Taxonomy DB
ID :48386
NCBI
Redirect??
AGROVOC
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23. Future works and conclusion
 Addition and verification of new crops
Survey more documents and domains to collect crop names. By adding these
terms, properties and their values will be verified and extended if necessary.
 International interoperability
We would like to improve the international interoperability through discussion
with international standards for domestic crop names.
We provide the Crop VOcabulary(CVO) so as to standardize the vocabulary
for crop names. By using CVO, it is possible to improve interoperability
beyond the linguistic diversity of the vocabulary for agricultural ICT
systems.
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