Instructions for Authors. If you want to publish paper in the peer reviewed journals. These are few instructions need to be aware of.

1. Writing is Easy; All You have to Do is Cross Out the Wrong Words. ~ Mark Twin
Prepared by the Research Scholars of:
Embedded System & Real Time Lab
Under the Guidance of:
Prof. Supratim Gupta
Department of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
Odisha-769008
Instructions FOR authors
How to write a paper, that is likely to be accepted ?
27-Apr-16

2. 2
General Instructions
You shouldn’t write just for the shake for the publication or to
accumulate citation for curriculum vitae.
Ask Yourself the following questions:
• Is this an important problem, or, is the data collected and
analysed of interest to the wider community?
• What has been done in the past?
• Does this research significantly advance the state of the field?

3. Your Manuscript Must:
• Present a clear, self-contained, scientifically convincing case for
both the validity of its results and their usefulness.
• Provide a clear statement of the problem and what the
contribution of the work is to the relevant research community;
• State why this contribution is significant (what impact it will
have);
• Provide citation of the published literature most closely related to
the manuscript;
• State what is distinctive and new about the current manuscript
relative to these previously published works.
3

4. 4
Legalization & Ethical Issues in Scientific
PublicationAvoid fraudulent research and publication. The violation of which
depending on the nature of violation, you may be punished for three-
year to lifetime suspension of publication privileges. (IEEE)
Who is an Author ?:
Authors have very clear roles and responsibilities. The list of authors
on a work indicates who is responsible. They must contribute to all
of the followings:
i. The conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or
analysis and interpretation of data.
ii. Drafting the article or revising it critically for important
intellectual content.
iii. Final approval of the version to be submitted.

5. 5
Plagiarism:
Five degree of plagiarism (IEEE):
1. Copying someone else’s entire article, or a major portion of the article
(more than 50%) verbatim, without credit to the original author(s) or
copying your own previously published work.
2. Copying a large proportion (20-50%) of someone else’s work, or your
own previous work, without credit.
3. Copying without credit individual elements such as paragraphs,
sentences, or illustrations, resulting in a significant portion (up to
20%) of an article.
4. Uncredited paraphrasing of pages or paragraphs from another source.
5. Credited verbatim copying of a major portion of an article without
clear delineation, such as quotes or indents.

6. 6
Redundant Publication:
• Never submit work for review to more than one publication at the
same time.
• Submit to your first choice. If the article is rejected, then submit it
to your second choice.
• You can publish your ideas at various stage of evaluation as:
 Early ideas may be published in a workshop.
 more developed work in conference proceedings.
 the fully developed study may be published in a journal.
• The guideline of every journal allow to cite your previous paper if
required. However, Authors must be able to demonstrate
significant advances from prior publications

7. 7
Copyright:
The Copyright form submitted by the author(s) to the organization or
publishing society will be able to:
• Protect the intellectual property of the document.
• Make the content more widely available.
Different Copyright Licenses (Open Access)
1. Creative Common Attributions (CC BY).
2. Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND)
3. Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)
4. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)

8. 8
User
License
Read, Print
and
Download
Redistribute or
Republish the
final article
Text and
Data
Mine
Translate the
article
Reuse
portions or
extract
article in
other work
Sell or
reuse for
commerci
al purpose
CC BY Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
CC BY-ND
Yes
Unchanged in a
Whole
Yes Yes
Unchanged
in a Whole
Yes
CC BY-NC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
CC BY-NC-
ND
Yes Yes Yes
For Private
Use only
(Non-
Commercial)
Yes No
*Elsevier
User
Licence
Yes No Yes Yes No No
* For more information: https://www.elsevier.com/about/company-information/policies/open-access-licenses/elsevier-
user-license
Table.1: License and its Agreements

9. 9
Fabrication of Data:
• Sever Consequences, if Discovered: Falsifying results, fabricating data,
manipulating images, or engaging in other activity that misrepresents
your work.
Protect Yourself:
 Keep meticulous records of your experiments.
 Retain data records after your work is published
 Follow instructions to authors to displaying, altering or enhancing your
results (images) digitally.

10. 10
Manuscript Language
Language: (Except IET)
• Author(s) may submit their manuscript in native language but must be
submitted in Unicode character.
• Supporting Language & Corresponding Font style
i. Simplified Chinese: SongMT
ii. Traditional Chinese: SungMT
iii. Japanese: MS Mincho
iv. Korean: Batang
For IET:
• Manuscript must be written in UK English.
• If English is not your first language, you should ask an English
speaking colleague to proofread your paper
• Papers that fail to meet basic standards of literacy are likely to be un-
submitted by the Editorial Office.

11. 11
Text Formatting
• Manuscripts could be submitted in LaTeX.
• Either single or double column format: Depends on magazine.
(10pt for IEEE and 9pt font of Times new roman for Springer)
• Use LaTeX macro package and choose proper the formatting option for
different journals (except IET).
• The submission should include the original source (including all style files
and figures) and a PDF version of the compiled output.
• Word files are also accepted.
For IET:
• Submit in single column format.
• Font no less than 10pt & should be in standardized font such as in Times new
roman or Arial.
• Author shouldn’t copy the format of other published journals.
• All accepted papers will be edited into the IET Research Journals house-style.

12. 12
Length Policy
IEEE:
• Regular Paper:
(Submitted Before: 01-01-2015)
Up to 12 pages (10 final published pages are complimentary: 2
allowable additional pages: additional pages would charge extra.)
(Submitted Since: 01-01-2015)
Up to 12 pages (8 final published pages are complimentary: 4
allowable additional pages: additional pages would charge extra.)
• Short Paper:
up to 4 final published pages
• Survey or Tutorial Paper:
The length should be agreed in advance with the Editor-in-Chief,
according to the specific content of the proposed manuscript (extra-page
charges may apply).

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Elsevier:
• Regular Paper:
Full length research papers must be at least 4500 words and no longer
than 7500 words excluding references.
• Correspondence Paper:
Cannot be longer than 3000 words excluding references.
• Review Paper:
There is no restriction on word count for review papers.

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IET:
Words Figures Tables Decision
Between 2,500 and 3,000 Fewer than 15 Fewer than 15 Acceptable
Between 2,500 and 3,000 More than 15 More than 15 Overlong
Between 3,000 and 4,500 Fewer than 12 Fewer than 12 Acceptable
Between 3,000 and 4,500 More than 12 More than 12 Overlong
Between 4,500 and 5,000 Fewer than 10 Fewer than 10 Acceptable
Between 4,500 and 5,000 More than 10 More than 10 Overlong
Between 5,000 and 6,000 Fewer than 8 Fewer than 8 Acceptable
Between 5,000 and 6,000 More than 10 More than 10 Overlong
More than 6,000 Any number Any number Overlong
Table.2: Research Papers & Case Study
Words Figures Tables Decision
Up to 10,000 Fewer than 20 Fewer than 12 Acceptable
Over 10,000 More than 20 More than 12 Overlong
Table.3: Review Papers
Words Figures Tables Decision
Up to 1,000 Fewer than 3 Fewer than 3 Acceptable
Over 1,000 More than 3 More than 3 Overlong
Table.4: Comment Papers

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• There are no strict formatting requirements but all manuscripts must
contain the essential elements to convey author(s) idea.
1. Title Page
2. Abstract
3. Keywords
4. Nomenclature (Optional)
5. Introduction
6. Materials & Methods
7. Results & Discussion
8. Conclusion
9. Appendix(es)
10. Acknowledgement
11. Reference or Bibliography
12. Include Equations, Figures & Tables with proper cation and numbering
13. Photos and Biography(ies)
• If your article includes any Videos and/or other Supplementary
material, this should be included in your initial submission for peer
review purposes.
Appropriate Formatting of Manuscript

16. 16
Title Page
The title page should include:
• The name(s) of the author(s)
• A concise and informative title
• The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the author(s)
• The e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers of the corresponding author.
Paper Title:
• Concise and informative.
• Capitalize the first letter of the first and last word and all nouns, pronouns,
adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions (If, Because, That,
Which).
• Capitalize abbreviations that are otherwise lower case (i.e., use DC, not dc or
Dc) except for unit abbreviations and acronyms.
• Prepositions of more than three letters (Before, Through, With, Versus,
Among, Under, Between, Without.) should be capitalized.

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Author Names & Affiliations:
• Clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and
check that all names are accurately spelled.
• Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done)
below the names.
• Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after
the author's name and in front of the appropriate address.
• Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name
and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• (IEEE Only) Provide IEEE membership information if any.
Corresponding Author:
Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of
refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that the e-mail address
is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.

18. 18
Abstract
• The abstract must be self-contained, without abbreviations, footnotes, or
references (if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s)-Elsevier). It
should be a microcosm of the full article.
• The abstract must be between 150-250 words (100-150 words for
springer, shouldn’t exceed 200 words- IET). Be sure that you adhere to
these limits; otherwise, you will need to edit your abstract accordingly.
• The abstract must be written as one paragraph, and should not contain
displayed mathematical equations or tabular material.
• The abstract should include three or four different keywords or phrases,
as this will help readers to find it. It is important to avoid over-repetition
of such phrases as this can result in a page being rejected by search
engines.
• Ensure that your abstract reads well and is grammatically correct.

19. 19
Keywords/Index Terms
• Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using
American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple
concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of')
• Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in
the field may be eligible.
• Capitalize the first word of the Index Terms list; lower case the rest
unless capitalized in text.
• Must be in alphabetical order (IEEE) and separate Abstract and Index
Terms by a 6-pt. space

20. 20
Nomenclature (Optional)
• Nomenclature lists (lists of symbols and definitions) generally follow
the Abstract and Index Terms and precede the Introduction.
• This type of list is characterized by the following:
1. The Nomenclature heading is a primary heading without a Roman numeral.
2. The first column of the list is flush left.
3. The second column is aligned on the left.
4. There is one ‘em ‘space from the longest item on the left side to the right side.
5. The first letter on the right-hand side is capitalized.
6. Each item ends with a period.
7. Do not use “is” or “the” at the beginning of items.
8. Do not use equality symbols between the left and right sides.

21. 21
Introduction
• State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background,
avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
• Introduction must answer the following questions:
 What is known ?
 What is unknown i.e. the limitations of earlier methods/not taken care of
?
 Author(s) proposition(s). How/Why this approach is different than earlier
methods ? Does it eliminates the highlighted limitations?
• The introduction should be concise, no more than one or two pages. It is
written in the present tense.

22. 22
Materials & Methods
• Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced.
• It includes a detailed description of the problem, defines all the
terminology and the notations used, and develops the equations you
used for reaching a solution.
• Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only
relevant modifications should be described.
• In some fields, for example, biomedical engineering, you may have to
describe the materials and methods you used in your experiments.

23. 23
Results & Discussion
• Results should be clear and concise.
• The level of detail should be enough to allow a reader to replicate your
work.
• Discussion should explore the significance of the results of the work,
not repeat them.
• A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid
extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

24. 24
Conclusion
• This section should explain what your research has achieved, as well as
the benefits and shortcomings of your solution.
• It is similar to the abstract, but it can provide more detail.
• Remind readers of the key points of each section of your article.

25. 25
Appendix(es)
• Detailed derivations of any equation can be described in this section.
• If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B,
etc.
• Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate
numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq.
(B.1) and so on.
• Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.

26. 26
Acknowledgement
• Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a
separate section on the title page.
• The names of funding organizations should be written in full.
• List here also those individuals who provided help during the research
(e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the
article, etc.).

27. 27
References/Bibliography
• References demonstrate to the reader that you have done your homework.
• Experts say that there are more mistakes in the reference section of an article
than any other section.
• The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and
that have been published or accepted for publication.
• Personal communications and unpublished works should only be mentioned in
the text.
• Do not use footnotes or endnotes as a substitute for a reference list.
• Please also ensure that you provide as much information as possible to allow
the reader to locate the article concerned. This is particularly important for
articles appearing in conferences, workshops and books that may not appear in
journal databases.
• If the number of authors on a reference is greater than 6 please list the first 3
authors followed by et al.

28. 28
Journal Articles:
• IEEE:
S.K. Kenue and J.F. Greenleaf, “Limited angle multifrequency diffraction
tomography,” IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., vol. SU-29, no. 6, pp. 213-217, July
1982.
• Elsevier:
J. S. Lee, Digital image smoothing and the sigma filter, Computer Vision,
Graphics, and Image Processing 24 (2) (1983) 255–269.
• Springer:
Gamelin FX, Baquet G, Berthoin S, Thevenet D, Nourry C, Nottin S, Bosquet L
(2009) Effect of high intensity intermittent training on heart rate variability in
prepubescent children. Eur J Appl Physiol 105:731-738. doi: 10.1007/s00421-
008-0955-8.
• IET:
Borwn, L., Thomas, H., James, C., et al.:'The title of the paper, IET
Communications, 2012, 6, (5), pp 125-138.

29. 29
Conference:
• IEEE:
C. Tomasi and R. Manduchi, “Bilateral filtering for gray and color images,” in
Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vision, Bombay, India, pp. 836–846, Jan. 1998.
• Elsevier:
Kimura J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. In:
Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical
Neurophysiology: 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996.
• Springer:
Chung S. T, Morris RL (1978) Isolation and characterization of plasmid
deoxyribonucleic acid from Streptomyces fradiae. Paper presented at the 3rd
international symposium on the genetics of industrial microorganisms, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, 4–9 June 1978.
• IET:
Jones, L., Brown, D.: 'The title of the conference paper'. Proc. Int. Conf. Systems
Biology, Stockholm, Sweden, May 2006, pp. 1–7.

30. 30
Book:
• IEEE:
P.M. Morse and H. Feshback, Methods of Theoretical Physics. New York:
McGraw Hill, 1953.
• Elsevier:
Oliver C, Quegan S. Understanding synthetic aperture radar image. Boston:
Artech House; 1998.
• Springer:
South J, Blass B (2001) The future of modern genomics. Blackwell, London.
• IET:
Harrison, E.A., and Abbott, C.: 'The title of the book' (XYZ Press, New York,
2005, 2nd edn. 2006)

31. 31
Book Chapter:
• IEEE:
Rezi and M. Allam, "Techniques in array processing by means of transformations,
" in Control and Dynamic Systems, Vol. 69, Multidemsional Systems, C. T.
Leondes, Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 133-180.
• Elsevier:
Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM,
editors. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed.
New York: Raven Pr; 1995. p 465-78.
• Springer:
Brown B, Aaron M (2001) The politics of nature. In: Smith J (ed) The rise of
modern genomics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 230-257
• IET:
Hodges, A., Smith, N.: 'The title of the book chapter', in Brown, S. (Ed.):
'Handbook of Systems Biology' (IEE Press, London, 2004, 1st edn.), pp. 1– 7

32. 32
Dissertation:
• IEEE:
B. Tsikos, “Segmentation of 3-D scenes using multi-modal interaction between
machine vision and programmable mechanical scene manipulation,” Ph.D.
dissertation, Univ. of Pennsylvania, BCE Dept., Philadelphia, 1987.
• Elsevier:
Kaplan SJ. Post-hospital home health care: the elderly's access and utilization
[dissertation]. St. Louis: Washington Univ; 1995.
• Springer:
Trent JW (1975) Experimental acute renal failure. Dissertation, University of
California.
• IET:
Abbott, N.L.: 'The title of the thesis'. PhD thesis, XYZ University, 2005.

33. 33
Online Documents:
• IEEE:
R. Duncan, “An HTML primer,” PC Magazine, June 13, 1995, v14, n11 p. 261(7)
in Academic Index (database on UTCAT PLUS system).
• Elsevier:
Pachauri, R.K., Reisinger, A. (Eds), 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis
Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment
Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (downloaded on 12
November 2009 from-web. link)
• Springer:
Cartwright J (2007) Big stars have weather too. IOP Publishing PhysicsWeb.
http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/6/16/1. Accessed 26 June 2007
• IET:
'Research Journals', http://www.theiet.org/resources/journals/research/index.cfm,
accessed April 2006

34. 34
Unpublished Material:
• IEEE:
B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.
• Elsevier:
Leshner AI. Molecular mechanisms of cocaine addiction. N Engl J Med. In press.
• Springer:
Major M et al (2007) Recent developments. In: Jones W (ed) Surgery today.
Springer, Dordrecht (in press).
• IET:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (1996). [Topic of study or untitle
work]. Unpublished raw data.

35. 35
Photo(s) & Biography(ies)
• Authors are required to submit a brief biography and photo with the final
version of their accepted paper.
• The author’s photograph is sized at 6 picas wide by 7.5 picas deep and is
surrounded by the biography.
IEEE:
• The biography begins with the author’s full name and IEEE membership
history as listed in the IEEE Membership Directory.
• May be written in three paragraphs.
• Abbreviations for IEEE membership grades are: S (Student Member), A
(Associate Member), M (Member), SM (Senior Member), F (Fellow), LA (Life
Associate Member), LM (Life Member), LSM (Life Senior Member), and LF
(Life Fellow). Note that A stands for Associate, not Affiliate, Member. Affiliate
memberships are not listed in the byline or biography membership history.

36. 36
Example (IEEE):
Michael C. Author, Jr. (S’87–A’89–SM’90–F’93) was born in New
York, NY, USA, on March 2, 1969. He received the B.S. degree in applied
mathematics from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, in 1989, the
M.S. degree in mathematical physics from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, in
1991, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 1995.
From 1993 to 1995, he was with the Raytheon Corporation, Bedford,
MA, USA. From 1995 to 1996, he was with the General Electric Space
Laboratory, Valley Forge, PA, USA. During 1996–1997, he was a Fulbright
Lecturer at the University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. He is currently an Associate
Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park,
MD, USA. His research has been concerned with reentry plasma effects and
microwave diagnostics of plasmas.
Dr. Author, Jr. is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of
Pennsylvania

37. 37
Footnotes
• Footnotes can be used to give additional information, which may include the
citation of a reference included in the reference list.
• They should not consist solely of a reference citation, and they should never
include the bibliographic details of a reference.
• Footnotes to the text are numbered consecutively; those to tables should be
indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values
and other statistical data).
• Footnotes to the title or the authors of the article are not given reference
symbols.
• Always use footnotes instead of endnotes.

38. 38
Citation
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the
reference list (and vice versa).
IEEE & IET:
• Number the references properly.
• Should be included in parentheses in text (or in a footnote), followed by the
reference number, i.e., “For example, see [5].”
• Do not say “in reference [1] …”; rather, the text should be edited to read
simply, “in [1] …”
• The author’s name should not be included in a text reference with a number
(i.e., “In Smith [1]”) and should be changed to “in [1]” .
• In such cases where the author’s name is integral to the understanding of the
sentence (e.g., “Smith [1] reduced calculated time …”).

39. 39
Springer:
Cite references in the text by name and year in parentheses. Some examples:
• Negotiation research spans many disciplines (Thompson 1990).
• This result was later contradicted by Becker and Seligman (1996).
• This effect has been widely studied (Abbott 1991; Barakat et al. 1995a, b;
Kelso and Smith 1998; Medvec et al. 1999, 2000).

40. 40
Table(s)
• Please submit tables as editable text and not as images.
• Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate
page(s) at the end.
• Please avoid using vertical rules (Elsevier).
• All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
• Tables should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
• For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components
of the table.
• Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the
form of a reference at the end of the table caption.
• Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or
asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath
the table body.

41. 41
Electronic Figure Submission
• Supply all figures electronically.
• Indicate what graphics program was used to create the artwork.
• For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS; for halftones, please use TIFF
format. MSOffice files are also acceptable.
• Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.
• Name your figure files with "Fig" and the figure number, e.g., Fig1.eps.

42. 42
Figure Numbering
• All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
• Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
• Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
• If an appendix appears in your article and it contains one or more figures,
continue the consecutive numbering of the main text. Do not number the
appendix figures.
"A1, A2, A3, etc." Figures in online appendices (Electronic Supplementary
Material) should, however, be numbered separately.

43. 43
Figure Captions
• Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure
depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure
file.
• Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure
number, also in bold type.
• No punctuation is to be included after the number, nor is any punctuation to be
placed at the end of the caption.
• Identify all elements found in the figure in the figure caption; and use boxes,
circles, etc., as coordinate points in graphs.
• Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form
of a reference citation at the end of the figure caption.

44. 44
Figure Placement & Size
• Figures should be submitted separately from the text, if possible.
• When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width.
• For most journals the figures should be 39 mm, 84 mm, 129 mm, or 174 mm
wide and not higher than 234 mm.
• For books and book-sized journals, the figures should be 80 mm or 122 mm
wide and not higher than 198 mm.

45. 45
Halftone Art
• Definition: Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading, etc.
• If any magnification is used in the photographs, indicate this by using scale
bars within the figures themselves.
• Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.
• Definition: a combination of halftone and line art, e.g., halftones containing
line drawing, extensive lettering, color diagrams, etc.
• Combination artwork should have a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.

46. 46
Permissions
• If we include figures that have already been published elsewhere, we must
obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online
format.
• Some publishers do not grant electronic rights for free and that Springer will
not be able to refund any costs that may have occurred to receive these
permissions. In such cases, material from other sources should be used.
Accessibility
• In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of
your figures, please make sure that all figures have descriptive captions (blind
users could then use a text-to-speech software or a text-to-Braille hardware)
• Patterns are used instead of or in addition to colors for conveying information
(colorblind users would then be able to distinguish the visual elements)
• Any figure lettering has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1

47. 47
Cover Letter
• A cover letter is a letter attached with your submitted manuscript to explaining
how your article fits the scope of the journal.
• Your cover letter is your first chance to make a good impression on the journal
editor (conference article submissions do not require a cover letter).
• Confirm that the work is original and that it has not been submitted to any other
publication. It should be brief and business like.
Your Cover letter should Include:
• The name of the journal you are submitting to, because editorial offices may
handle more than one journal.
• The title of your article.
• The name and current place of employment of each contributing author.
• The corresponding author’s full contact information, including address, fax
number, phone number, and e-mail address.
• An explanation of any special requirements, such as special features or
unusual length.