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Acid Rain Research Essay
Acid rain is rain that has become acidic, because of air pollutants in the atmosphere. Rain has a
normal pH level of around 5–5.5 which is only slightly acidic. 7 on the pH scale is the neutral and
anything below that is considered acidic. Acid rain has a pH level around 4 which is 10 times
more acidic. Acid rain can fall in many different ways and has many effects on the environment.
Acid rain is caused by air pollutants in the atmosphere. These air pollutants are mainly from man
made resources such as factories and automobiles. The burning of fossil fuels is also one of the
biggest factors that pollutes the air and causes acid rain. The primary emissions from man made
resources are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The rain...show more content...
Acid rain can weaken a tree or plant's natural defenses. It harms the soil and all organisms that need it
to survive because it takes away important soil nutrients such as calcium and magnesium. When a
tree's defenses are down, it makes them more susceptible to diseases and pests. Acid rain can also
deposit nitrates. Nitrogen runoff can cause eutrophication. Eutrophication is when runoff nitrogen
goes into an ocean ecosystem and causes algae to grow quicker. This is called an algal bloom and it
blocks sunlight from getting to the plants causing a "dead zone." This means no organisms will be
able to live there anymore. Finally, acid rain can cause the wearing away or deterioration of
buildings and many other things built of stone. It does not affect humans directly. It does however
harm them because of the two main chemicals involved, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. When
inhaled, they have been shown to cause some illnesses such as asthma and bronchitis. Some
organisms are more damaged by acid rain than others, but most organisms are harmed when there
are high concentrations of acid rain in the area/ecosystem they live in. Acid rain can harm an
environment and humans negatively and has several effects on the Earth. Many places around the
world have been affected by acid rain. 3 main places are eastern Europe and eastern United States
along with some areas of China and Taiwan. In many places where there have been great effects
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Acid Rain
INTRODUCTION: The dictionary definition of acid rain is "'rainfall made so acidic by
atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm, chiefly to forests and lakes. The main
cause is the industrial burning of coal and other fossil fuels, the waste gases from which contain
sulphur and nitrogen oxides which combine with atmospheric water to form acids." In Northern
Europe and North America millions of trees have died because of the causes of acid rain. Some
lakes contain so much acid that all the fish have died and the birds that relied on this fish for food
have left. Acid rain also speeds up the rusting of iron and building made of marble, limestone and
concrete have been severely affected. It is because of these reasons that acid...show more content...
For example, the sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere reduces the amount of
methane in the air. Some new studies show that the sulphur dioxide in acid rain counteracts with the
natural productions of methane gas and therefore reducing the amount of methane in the air by 30%
and this is because of 'sulphur–eating bacteria' that live in wetlands (where most methane is
produced) which outcompete with methane emitting bacteria. PERSONAL OPINION: In my
opinion I think that acid rain is a huge problem. Even though it is not a problem in Australia but
in Europe and North America there have been records of acid rain in Sydney. The fact that acid
rain is killing our plant and animal life because of what WE have emitted into the atmosphere is
not good enough. We are a part of the cause just as much as we can be a part of the solution. This
goes for global warming as well. If we can buckle down and try to stop producing so much excess
gases in our factories than we will significantly reduce the amount of acid rain falling in our
environment. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 2014, G. (2012). The negative and positive aspects of acid rain |
Publish with Glogster!. [online] Glogster. Available at: http://www.glogster.com/wei2912
/the–negative–and–positive–aspects–of–acid–rain/g–6llh7hclkj80qc3cvbfi7a0 [Accessed 30 May.
2014]. Amanda Briney, C. (2014). How Much Should You
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Acid Rain Papers
Acid rain is a serious and hazardous environmental problem. It affects large parts of the United
States and Canada. It causes damage to water sources, such as lakes and streams, as well as plant
life and animals that live in the ecosystems. Acid rain is referred to as the mixture of wet and dry
deposition from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids.
Acid rain formation can be a result of both natural sources, such as volcanoes and decaying
vegetation or man–made sources through emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. This
results in fossil fuel combustion. In the United States, roughly 2/3 of all SO2 and 1/4 of all NOx
come from electric power generation that relies on burning fossil fuels, like coal. When these gases
react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals, it forms various acidic compounds
to form...show more content...
This is where the ecological effects of acid rain are most clearly seen. Acid rain flows into
streams, lakes, and marshes after falling on forests, fields, buildings, and roads. Acid rain also
falls directly on aquatic habitats. Most lakes and streams have a pH between 6 and 8, although
some lakes are naturally acidic even without the effects of acid rain. Lakes and streams become
acidic when water and surrounding soil cannot neutralize the acidic content. In areas where
buffering capacity is low, acid rain releases aluminum from soils into lakes and streams;
aluminum is highly toxic to many species of aquatic organisms. So, as pH in a lake or stream
decreases, aluminum levels increase. Both low pH and increased aluminum levels are directly
toxic to fish. In addition, low pH and increased aluminum levels cause chronic stress that may not
kill individual fish, but leads to lower body weight and smaller size and makes fish less able to
compete for food and habitat. However, the effects of acid rain can be detrimental to our forests as
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Essay On Acid Rain
Introduction Polluted rain is called acid rain. Some acids are helpful. We have acid in our
stomachs to break down and digest food. We use vinegar, an acid, to pickle cucumbers. Acids like
these help us. But, acids can also be harmful. If there is too much acid in garden soil, plants will
not grow. Some acids will burn your skin. Acid rain is harmful rain. When it falls on living
things–plants, animals and people–it can harm or kill them. Leaves burned by acid rain cannot make
oxygen or collect carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis.
A Definition of acid rain Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad term that includes...show more
content...
2NO2(g)+H2O (l)пѓ HNO2 (aq)+HNO3 (aq).
The impact of acid rain on human life.
SO2 & NOX gases turn in to particles that can be inhaled deep into peoples' lungs. Acid rain can
harm people indirectly. This happens when people eat fish caught in affected lakes or rivers. When
we breathe in air pollution, these very fine particulates can easily enter our body, where they can
cause breathing problems, and over time even cause cancer. Water we drink from taps can be
contaminated by acid rain, which can damage the brain. The impact on human activity.
Acid rain can have terrible effects on a forest. The acid takes away important minerals from the
leaves and the soil.
Minerals are like vitamins for trees and plants. Without them, trees and plants properly cannot grow.
They will lose their leaves and become very weak. They are no longer strong enough to fight against
illnesses and frost.
Some soils are alkaline, when acid rain falls on them the acid becomes neutral. Plants and trees
living on these soils are not in any big danger. Figure 3
The impact on the natural environment including oceans and atmosphere. Acid rain has a terrible
affect on water life. Even if the acid rain does not fall straight into the lake, for example, it may
enter from rivers and streams. Some of the life in the lake such as fish and plants may end up
dying, because they cannot survive in acidic lakes. Thousands of lakes in Scandinavia have no more
life
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Essay on Acid Rain
Acid rain is a problem that has plagued earth for years. It is poisoning our waters, animals, plants,
soil, and more. It is a problem that can not be ignored or it might have catastrophic results on our
environment. Acid rain is caused by air pollution, which is due to man–made actions.
Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid
rain. Power plants and factories burn coal and oil, which is used to produce the electricity we need
to heat and light our homes and to run our electric appliances. We also burn natural gas, coal, and oil
to heat our homes, and our cars, trucks, boats, and airplanes use gasoline to run, which is another
fossil fuel....show more content...
Eventually there is so much mucus that it clogs the gills. When this occurs, the fish can no longer
breath. It dies and then sinks to the bottom of the lake. Scientist predict that acid rain is one of the
leading causes the possible extinction of fish. This does not only affect the fish in the water, it
affects everything including humans. These lakes and streams are not just homes for aqualife but
they are our sources of water too.
Another very large problem is the effect of acid rain on trees. When a tree's roots absorb water
from the ground it is taking in its source of life, and when acid rain rains around that tree, its life
source is poisoned. Tree's leaves and needles begin to drop off, and seedlings fail to produce new
trees. The acid also reacts with many nutrients the trees need, such as calcium, magnesium and
potassium. This starves the trees, and they become much more susceptible to other forms of
damage, such as being blown down, or breaking under the weight of snow. Also forests in high
mountain regions receive additional acid from the acidic clouds and fog that often surround them.
These clouds and fog are often more acidic than rainfall. When leaves are frequently bathed in this
acid fog, their protective waxy coating can wear away. The loss of the coating damages the leaves
and creates brown spots. When the leaves are damaged, they cannot produce enough food energy for
the tree to remain healthy.
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Acid Rain Essay
Don't you always wish to taste the fresh rain in April? Nowadays, you may want to think twice
before doing something like that. The rain might turn out to be acid rain. You may be wondering
what acid rain is. Acid rain looks, feels, and tastes exactly like normal rain, but it is very different
and very dangerous. Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction in certain substances. These
substances originate from many pollution sources. The most abundant chemicals in pollution are
sulfur dioxide and various nitrogen oxides. When these materials are released into the atmosphere,
they undergo various physical and chemical changes. The most important chemical reaction is the
transformation of the sulfur and nitrogen oxides into acids. Sulfuric...show more content...
Acid rain releases toxic metals that are later absorbed by drinking water, crops, and animals that
humans consume. Acid rain can deposit aluminum into the water supply. Scientists have discovered
that aluminum is one of the causes of Alzheimer's disease, a brain disorder that makes elderly
people forgetful. The air also contains many toxic gases released by acid rain. If carbon dioxide is
inhaled, it can cause breathing problems and unconsciousness. When carbon monoxide enters your
body, it goes into the bloodstream and slows down the delivery of oxygen to the rest of the body,
causing dizziness, headaches, and fatigue. Hazardous air pollutants can cause serious health
problems like cancer, birth defects, nervous system problems, and even deaths. Lead can affect
young children by causing nervous system damage and learning problems. In fact, it is estimated
that death rates in the most polluted areas are 15 percent higher than those in the least polluted
areas because of acid rain. The main health effect of acid rain on humans is respiratory problems.
The pollutants that cause acid rain react with water vapor and other chemicals in the air to form
very fine sulfate and nitrate particles that can be inhaled deep into the lungs. These particles are
particularly dangerous to people with asthma, elderly and very young people, and pregnant women,
but even healthy people can have their lungs damaged by acid air pollutants. When
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Acid Rain Essay
Acid Rain
Do you ever look outside on a rainy night and think to yourself why are we destroying our own
habitat. Of course you don't. You are more rapped up in the beauty of a calm and serene shower
with the wind blowing and a gentle howl of the breeze trickling through the trees. Why would you
think of something bad? Well, maybe you should start thinking of rain as a bad thing. Maybe not
rain, but what is in the rain.
Not enough attention is being put toward the well being of the Earth. There are definitely forces at
work destroying our environment as we speak. Our government needs to explore all the deadly
toxins that go into our environment every second. Without this exploration we could kill ourselves.
Not only will we...show more content...
Substances are released which run off into water bodies and toxic to water life. Acidic materials
deposited directly from the atmosphere also have the effect of altering the acid balance in water
bodies and this too has an effect on the life they support. Acidic deposition onto sensitive buildings
causes decay of stonework and other materials.(Environment Agency: Acid Rain, page 1)
Where does acid rain come from? Acid rain is made from man–made emissions and a few natural
compounds. A few of the emissions responsible for acidic rain issulfur dioxide and oxides of
nitrogen. Ammonia, which is mainly from agricultural process is also responsible for a lot of the
acidity in rain. In the atmosphere it mixes with certain compounds and neutralizes them. The
neutralized compounds break down when the products the reactions are deposited, acidity is then
released.
Acid rain was noted as a problem in the 1980's first effecting the ponds and lakes in northeastern
USA, southern Canada, and what was the Soviet Union, and other smaller world regions. Acid
rain, no matter when or where it falls will always cause damage to the environment. Acid rain has
already caused thousands of lakes and ponds to a point of lifelessness, and has even damaged
historic buildings in Europe. One of the major problems with acid rain is that it gets carried from a
mass acid rain producing areas that are usually not as badly affected. Tall chimneys that are built to
ensure that the
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Acid Rain Essay
Not many things have the ability to kill fish, destroy economies, and deteriorate buildings, but acid
rain can do all of that. This lethal precipitation originates from both natural causes and those made
by man. It has the potential to destroy ecosystems, including aquatic life and forest life. In addition
to harming nature, it can also cause economic problems. However, efforts are being made to
minimize the negative effects of acid rain, and they're working.
Any form of wet or dry deposition from the atmosphere with nitric and sulfuric acid levels higher
than normal is considered acid rain. Wet deposition includes, but is not limited to, rain, fog, snow,
and mist. If weather conditions in a certain area are wet and acidic chemicals are...show more
content...
Other natural sources include lightning, forest fires, and microorganisms found in soil. These
sources release nitrates, one of the substances known to raise acidity in rain (Evans 65).
Humans are more responsible for causing acid rain than natural sources. Areas with large
populations and heavy traffic are susceptible to acid rain, because car emissions contain high
amounts of nitrogen oxides (Lerner and Lerner 2). Industrial pollutants are the leading cause of
acid rain; they may raise the acidity of a region's precipitation more than tenfold (Gorman 13).
Power plants burn fossil fuels, like coal and oil, for energy.Sulfur dioxide is a by–product of fossil
fuels and is emitted into the air after being burned. Nitrogen oxides are less abundant but are still
by–products of the same fossil fuels (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Both of these gasses
raise the acidity in precipitation greatly.
The most traumatic impact that acid rain has is its effects on living organisms and ecosystems. In
aquatic ecosystems, particularly lakes and streams, the pH of the water decreases when the water
itself and surrounding soil cannot buffer acid rain. As the pH drops, certain species of fish become
intoxicated and die; bass begin to die when the water reaches pH levels of 5.5 (U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency). Entire populations of fish can be wiped out from an
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Acid Rain Essay
Acid rain is rain that is more acidic than normal. Acid rain is a complicated problem.
Caused by air pollution, acid rain's spread and damage involves weather, chemistry, soil, and the
life cycles of plants and animals on the land and from acid rain in the water.
Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid
rain. Power plants and factories burn coal and oil. Power plants use that coal and oil to produce the
electricity we need to heat and light our homes and to run our electric appliances. We also burn
natural gas, coal, and oil to heat our homes.
The smoke and fumes from burning fossil fuels rise into the atmosphere and combine with the
moisture in the air to form acid...show more content...
In some instances, these gases and particles can eat away the things on which they settle. Dry
deposited gases and particles are sometimes washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms.
When that happens, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more
acidic than the falling rain alone. The combination of acid rain plus dry deposited acid is called acid
deposition.
The chemical reactions that change air pollution to acid rain can take from several hours to several
days. Years ago, when smokestacks were only a few stories high, pollution from smokestacks
usually stayed near the ground and settled on land nearby.
This caused unhealthy conditions for plants and animals near the smokestacks. To reduce this
pollution, the government passed a law permitting the construction of very tall smokestacks. At that
time, people thought that if the pollution were sent high into the air it would no longer be a problem.
Scientists now know that this is incorrect.
Sending pollution high into the sky increases the time that the pollution stays in the air. The longer
the pollution is in the air, the greater are the chances that the pollutants will form acid rain. In
addition, the wind can carry these pollutants for hundreds of miles before they become joined with
water droplets to form acid rain. For that reason, acid rain can also be a problem in areas far from
the polluting smokestacks.
Dry
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Acid Rain Essay
Acid Rain
"Acid Rain," or more precisely acidic precipitation, is the term used to describe rainfall that has a pH
level of less than 5.6––a pH of 7 being neutral. This form of air pollution is currently a subject of
great controversy because of the damage it does to the environment and property worldwide. For the
last ten years, this occurrence has brought destruction to thousands of lakes and streams in the
United States, Canada, and parts of Europe. It also leads to the deterioration of buildings and statues
by reacting with several minerals. Acid rain is formed when oxides of nitrogen and sulfite combine
with moisture in the atmosphere to make nitric and sulfuric acids. These acids can be carried away
far from its origin....show more content...
This gas attacks the membranes of the respiratory organs and increases the likelihood of respiratory
illness. It also contributes to ozone damage, and forms smog (Phamornsuwana, http:/
/www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/9111/DOC.HTML#SPECIFIC). Nitrogen oxide can
spread far from the location it was originated by acid rain.
Changes in environment change the wildlife living in that environment. The lowering of pH from 7
to 4 is a dramatic change in environment, and the changes in wildlife reflect it. There are both direct
and indirect effects of acid rain. Acid directly interferes with the ability of fish to take inoxygen, salt,
and other nutrients needed to stay alive. Acidic conditions in the water cause mucus to form in the
gills of fish, and prevents them from absorbing oxygen from the surrounding waters (Farnham, http:/
/www.ems.psu.edu/info/explore/AcidRain.html). With a few exceptions adult fish are unable to
survive in waters with a pH below 4.8. However, fish eggs and baby fish are unable to survive pHs
below 5.5 (Farnham, http://www.ems.psu.edu/info/explore/AcidRain.html). If reproduction is not
possible a given fish population will eventually die off even if the pH is not low enough to kill the
adult fish. Most importantly, acid rain can harm us through the atmosphere or through the soil from
which our food is grown. Acid rain causes toxic metals to break loose from their natural chemical
compounds, thus making the
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Acid Rain Essay
Acid Rain
Acid rain is polluted rain. The pollutants go up to the atmosphere and when it rains it brings the
pollution down with it. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are the gases that form the acid rain.
When these gases mix with moisture it can make rain, snow, hail, or even fog. The scientific term
for acid rain is acid deposition which means when the acid is taken from the air and is deposited on
the earth. Major industries, coal burning factories, power plants and automoble engines are the main
sources of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide which caues acid rain. Volcaneoes and forest fires also
causes sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. Some of the many problems that come from acid rain is
the killing of of many plants and...show more content...
These soils are called alkaline soil, also called a base. In 1838 the German chemist Justus von
Liebig offered the first really useful definition of an acid, namely, a compound containing hydrogen
that can react with a metal to produce hydrogen gas.
Soil is formed when rocks are broken up by the weather and erosion and mixed with organic
matter from plants and animals. The term soil generally refers to the loose surface of the Earth,
made from solid rock. To the farmer, soil is the natural medium for growth of all land plants. The
rocks that make up soil could be acid, neutral, or alkaline, another name for a base. Limestone and
chalk are rocks that are formed from tiny shells that are rich in calcium.
Alkaline is made up of calcium. When acid rain falls on alkaine soil the calcium makes the acid
become weaker or neutralize. Farmers put lime (a very strong alkaine substance) and special
fertilzers in there soil netralize the acid in the soil on a regular daily basis.
In general, soil structure is classified as sandy, clay, or loam, although most garden soils are
mixtures of the three in varying proportions. A sandy soil is very loose and will not hold water. A
clay soil is dense and heavy, sticky when wet, and almost brickhard when dry. Loam is a mixture of
sand and clay soils, but it also contains large quantities of humus, or decayed organic material, which
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Acid Rain Essay
In describing acid precipitation pollutant chosen it is more commonly known as acid rain
representing a form of secondary pollution (EB,2013). Nitrogen and sulfur oxides are released
into the atmosphere reacting to water and other components forming acids (EB, 2013). Acid rain
refers to two different processes that enable the acid suspended in the atmosphere to deposit on
the Earth's surface water dries (EB, 2013). Wet acid decomposition fades to the Earth's surface
when it rains snows or fogs (EB, 2013). The dry acid deposition occurs when the acid particles
drop to the Earth's surface as gas or a particulate form (EB, 2013). Acid decompositions and
precipitation aren't constrained by international boundaries (EB, 2013). Many nations use fossil fuel
do not have the legislation in place of air pollution limiting meaning that can contributes to the acid
deposition and precipitation both locally and in other countries (EB, 2013). The Nations that
haven't' taken any. Consideration of limiting air pollution resulting acid deposition that will affect
the global environment (EB, 2013). Once the acid compounds are released they are deposited into
the soil and bodies of water increasing the acidity resources (EB,2013). Acid water is not potable for
humans (EB, 2013). Acid precipitation is both point and non–point pollution. The point pollutions of
is from factories and the non–point the acid rain makes water more acidic and release aluminum can
be toxic to fish (Acosta,
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Acid Rain Essay
Acid Rain
Within this past century, acidity of the air and acid rain have become recognized as one of the
leading threats to our planet's environment. No longer limited by geographic boundaries, acid
causing emissions are causing problems all over the world. Some laws have been passed which limit
the amount of pollutants that are released into the air, but tougher legislation must be implemented
before this problem can be overcome.
Acid rain is produced, when automobiles, smelters, power plants, and other industrial factories burn
fossil fuels such as gasoline, coal, and fuel oils. When combusted, the non renewable resources
release pollutants such as sulfur, carbon and nitrogen oxides into the air. These...show more content...
Acid rain is also a strong destructive force against man made structures, reacting with marble, plastics
and rubber.
The problem of acid rain is derived mostly from northern countries such as the united States, Canada,
and many countries of Eastern and Western Europe including Japan. The consequences of the acid
precipitation have been most apparent in Norway, Sweden, and Canada, however, due to tall
smokestacks many pollutants rise high into the atmosphere where air currents can pick them up and
carry them as far as into an entirely different country. This cross–border issue is causing global
concerns as it is no longer simply one country's problem.
This concern has been well identified in North America where pollution emissions from Canada and
the U.S. are crossing into each others territory. For example coal–powered electric generating
stations found in Midwestern U.S seem to be the cause of a severe acid rain problem in eastern
Canada.
Acid rain is of strong concern worldwide, and something must be done to reduce, or hopefully end
the problem. The acid kills nearly all forms of life, and tens of thousands of lakes
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Acid Rain
Introduction: Acid Rain, or more specifically, acid precipitation, is an environmental phenomena. It
is composed of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, in addition to water, which come to be due to the
interactions between the water and atmospheric pollutants, such as sulfur oxide and nitric oxide.
This combination of strong acids in water is known to be detrimental to the environment,
infrastructure, and the health of people. Due to the water cycle, other water bodies, such as lakes
and streams, are affected by the excess acid in rain in that their aquatic populations decrease. Acid
Rain also leaches aluminum, as well as minerals and nutrients, from soils, harming vegetation. As for
infrastructure, the acids in acid precipitation are known to erode metal and stone. Though acid rain
itself does not damage people's well–being, the sulfur oxide and nitric oxide in the air can react with
other atmospheric compounds to produce fine, inhalable sulfate and nitrate particles, which are
linked to heart attacks and damaging effects on lung function for those more prone.
The concentration of Acid Rain in this experiment will be determined in molarity (M), or mol/L,
through conducting titrations. Atitration is the controlled addition of a known acid/base solution to
an unknown conjugate solution until complete neutralization occurs. This state, also known as the
equivalence point, occurs when the moles of acid is equal to the moles of base. The equivalence
point in a titration can be
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Hypothesis Of Acid Rain
Objective:
What is the effect of acid rain have on the growth of radish seeds?
Hypothesis:
The seeds that are not in acid rain will germinate more because the acid rain will cause most of the
seeds to not germinate because the acid will burn the chemical the seed needs to germinate
Materials
Diluted Sulfuric Acid
(Acid Rain)
Normal Rain
60 Radish Seed
Glass marking pencil
Masking tape
2 petri dishes
Sponges (2)
Graduated cylinder
Procedure:
Label the petri dishes with "regular" and "acid".
Place a sponge in each petri dish.
Pour 30 mL of water in the petri dish labeled "water" and 30 mL of the diluted sulfuric acid into the
petri dish labeled "Acid Rain".
Evenly space 30 radish seeds on the sponges in each petri dish.
Seal the petri dishes securely with the masking tape, and the place them under the the sun.
Data/Observations:
Effect of Acid Rain Radish Seeds
Group
Light
Acid
Observation
1
30
25
2
29
22
3
27
16
Acid was a darker green
4
25
12
More leaves on the acid plants
5
24
17
6
25
19
Acid was a darker green
7
26
22
8
18
19
Average
25.5
19
Graph
Conclusion:
The experiment was done to see how acid rain affects seed germination. The experiment was done
with 60 radish seeds, sulfidic acid, and water.We put 30 seeds in a petri dish with a sponge that is
soaked in sulfuric acid and we put the other 30 seeds in another petri dish with a sponge that is
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Acid Rain Essay

  • 1. Acid Rain Research Essay Acid rain is rain that has become acidic, because of air pollutants in the atmosphere. Rain has a normal pH level of around 5–5.5 which is only slightly acidic. 7 on the pH scale is the neutral and anything below that is considered acidic. Acid rain has a pH level around 4 which is 10 times more acidic. Acid rain can fall in many different ways and has many effects on the environment. Acid rain is caused by air pollutants in the atmosphere. These air pollutants are mainly from man made resources such as factories and automobiles. The burning of fossil fuels is also one of the biggest factors that pollutes the air and causes acid rain. The primary emissions from man made resources are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The rain...show more content... Acid rain can weaken a tree or plant's natural defenses. It harms the soil and all organisms that need it to survive because it takes away important soil nutrients such as calcium and magnesium. When a tree's defenses are down, it makes them more susceptible to diseases and pests. Acid rain can also deposit nitrates. Nitrogen runoff can cause eutrophication. Eutrophication is when runoff nitrogen goes into an ocean ecosystem and causes algae to grow quicker. This is called an algal bloom and it blocks sunlight from getting to the plants causing a "dead zone." This means no organisms will be able to live there anymore. Finally, acid rain can cause the wearing away or deterioration of buildings and many other things built of stone. It does not affect humans directly. It does however harm them because of the two main chemicals involved, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. When inhaled, they have been shown to cause some illnesses such as asthma and bronchitis. Some organisms are more damaged by acid rain than others, but most organisms are harmed when there are high concentrations of acid rain in the area/ecosystem they live in. Acid rain can harm an environment and humans negatively and has several effects on the Earth. Many places around the world have been affected by acid rain. 3 main places are eastern Europe and eastern United States along with some areas of China and Taiwan. In many places where there have been great effects Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Acid Rain INTRODUCTION: The dictionary definition of acid rain is "'rainfall made so acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm, chiefly to forests and lakes. The main cause is the industrial burning of coal and other fossil fuels, the waste gases from which contain sulphur and nitrogen oxides which combine with atmospheric water to form acids." In Northern Europe and North America millions of trees have died because of the causes of acid rain. Some lakes contain so much acid that all the fish have died and the birds that relied on this fish for food have left. Acid rain also speeds up the rusting of iron and building made of marble, limestone and concrete have been severely affected. It is because of these reasons that acid...show more content... For example, the sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere reduces the amount of methane in the air. Some new studies show that the sulphur dioxide in acid rain counteracts with the natural productions of methane gas and therefore reducing the amount of methane in the air by 30% and this is because of 'sulphur–eating bacteria' that live in wetlands (where most methane is produced) which outcompete with methane emitting bacteria. PERSONAL OPINION: In my opinion I think that acid rain is a huge problem. Even though it is not a problem in Australia but in Europe and North America there have been records of acid rain in Sydney. The fact that acid rain is killing our plant and animal life because of what WE have emitted into the atmosphere is not good enough. We are a part of the cause just as much as we can be a part of the solution. This goes for global warming as well. If we can buckle down and try to stop producing so much excess gases in our factories than we will significantly reduce the amount of acid rain falling in our environment. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 2014, G. (2012). The negative and positive aspects of acid rain | Publish with Glogster!. [online] Glogster. Available at: http://www.glogster.com/wei2912 /the–negative–and–positive–aspects–of–acid–rain/g–6llh7hclkj80qc3cvbfi7a0 [Accessed 30 May. 2014]. Amanda Briney, C. (2014). How Much Should You Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Acid Rain Papers Acid rain is a serious and hazardous environmental problem. It affects large parts of the United States and Canada. It causes damage to water sources, such as lakes and streams, as well as plant life and animals that live in the ecosystems. Acid rain is referred to as the mixture of wet and dry deposition from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. Acid rain formation can be a result of both natural sources, such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation or man–made sources through emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. This results in fossil fuel combustion. In the United States, roughly 2/3 of all SO2 and 1/4 of all NOx come from electric power generation that relies on burning fossil fuels, like coal. When these gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals, it forms various acidic compounds to form...show more content... This is where the ecological effects of acid rain are most clearly seen. Acid rain flows into streams, lakes, and marshes after falling on forests, fields, buildings, and roads. Acid rain also falls directly on aquatic habitats. Most lakes and streams have a pH between 6 and 8, although some lakes are naturally acidic even without the effects of acid rain. Lakes and streams become acidic when water and surrounding soil cannot neutralize the acidic content. In areas where buffering capacity is low, acid rain releases aluminum from soils into lakes and streams; aluminum is highly toxic to many species of aquatic organisms. So, as pH in a lake or stream decreases, aluminum levels increase. Both low pH and increased aluminum levels are directly toxic to fish. In addition, low pH and increased aluminum levels cause chronic stress that may not kill individual fish, but leads to lower body weight and smaller size and makes fish less able to compete for food and habitat. However, the effects of acid rain can be detrimental to our forests as Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Essay On Acid Rain Introduction Polluted rain is called acid rain. Some acids are helpful. We have acid in our stomachs to break down and digest food. We use vinegar, an acid, to pickle cucumbers. Acids like these help us. But, acids can also be harmful. If there is too much acid in garden soil, plants will not grow. Some acids will burn your skin. Acid rain is harmful rain. When it falls on living things–plants, animals and people–it can harm or kill them. Leaves burned by acid rain cannot make oxygen or collect carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis. A Definition of acid rain Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad term that includes...show more content... 2NO2(g)+H2O (l)пѓ HNO2 (aq)+HNO3 (aq). The impact of acid rain on human life. SO2 & NOX gases turn in to particles that can be inhaled deep into peoples' lungs. Acid rain can harm people indirectly. This happens when people eat fish caught in affected lakes or rivers. When we breathe in air pollution, these very fine particulates can easily enter our body, where they can cause breathing problems, and over time even cause cancer. Water we drink from taps can be contaminated by acid rain, which can damage the brain. The impact on human activity. Acid rain can have terrible effects on a forest. The acid takes away important minerals from the leaves and the soil. Minerals are like vitamins for trees and plants. Without them, trees and plants properly cannot grow. They will lose their leaves and become very weak. They are no longer strong enough to fight against illnesses and frost. Some soils are alkaline, when acid rain falls on them the acid becomes neutral. Plants and trees living on these soils are not in any big danger. Figure 3 The impact on the natural environment including oceans and atmosphere. Acid rain has a terrible affect on water life. Even if the acid rain does not fall straight into the lake, for example, it may enter from rivers and streams. Some of the life in the lake such as fish and plants may end up dying, because they cannot survive in acidic lakes. Thousands of lakes in Scandinavia have no more life Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Essay on Acid Rain Acid rain is a problem that has plagued earth for years. It is poisoning our waters, animals, plants, soil, and more. It is a problem that can not be ignored or it might have catastrophic results on our environment. Acid rain is caused by air pollution, which is due to man–made actions. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. Power plants and factories burn coal and oil, which is used to produce the electricity we need to heat and light our homes and to run our electric appliances. We also burn natural gas, coal, and oil to heat our homes, and our cars, trucks, boats, and airplanes use gasoline to run, which is another fossil fuel....show more content... Eventually there is so much mucus that it clogs the gills. When this occurs, the fish can no longer breath. It dies and then sinks to the bottom of the lake. Scientist predict that acid rain is one of the leading causes the possible extinction of fish. This does not only affect the fish in the water, it affects everything including humans. These lakes and streams are not just homes for aqualife but they are our sources of water too. Another very large problem is the effect of acid rain on trees. When a tree's roots absorb water from the ground it is taking in its source of life, and when acid rain rains around that tree, its life source is poisoned. Tree's leaves and needles begin to drop off, and seedlings fail to produce new trees. The acid also reacts with many nutrients the trees need, such as calcium, magnesium and potassium. This starves the trees, and they become much more susceptible to other forms of damage, such as being blown down, or breaking under the weight of snow. Also forests in high mountain regions receive additional acid from the acidic clouds and fog that often surround them. These clouds and fog are often more acidic than rainfall. When leaves are frequently bathed in this acid fog, their protective waxy coating can wear away. The loss of the coating damages the leaves and creates brown spots. When the leaves are damaged, they cannot produce enough food energy for the tree to remain healthy. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. Acid Rain Essay Don't you always wish to taste the fresh rain in April? Nowadays, you may want to think twice before doing something like that. The rain might turn out to be acid rain. You may be wondering what acid rain is. Acid rain looks, feels, and tastes exactly like normal rain, but it is very different and very dangerous. Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction in certain substances. These substances originate from many pollution sources. The most abundant chemicals in pollution are sulfur dioxide and various nitrogen oxides. When these materials are released into the atmosphere, they undergo various physical and chemical changes. The most important chemical reaction is the transformation of the sulfur and nitrogen oxides into acids. Sulfuric...show more content... Acid rain releases toxic metals that are later absorbed by drinking water, crops, and animals that humans consume. Acid rain can deposit aluminum into the water supply. Scientists have discovered that aluminum is one of the causes of Alzheimer's disease, a brain disorder that makes elderly people forgetful. The air also contains many toxic gases released by acid rain. If carbon dioxide is inhaled, it can cause breathing problems and unconsciousness. When carbon monoxide enters your body, it goes into the bloodstream and slows down the delivery of oxygen to the rest of the body, causing dizziness, headaches, and fatigue. Hazardous air pollutants can cause serious health problems like cancer, birth defects, nervous system problems, and even deaths. Lead can affect young children by causing nervous system damage and learning problems. In fact, it is estimated that death rates in the most polluted areas are 15 percent higher than those in the least polluted areas because of acid rain. The main health effect of acid rain on humans is respiratory problems. The pollutants that cause acid rain react with water vapor and other chemicals in the air to form very fine sulfate and nitrate particles that can be inhaled deep into the lungs. These particles are particularly dangerous to people with asthma, elderly and very young people, and pregnant women, but even healthy people can have their lungs damaged by acid air pollutants. When Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. Acid Rain Essay Acid Rain Do you ever look outside on a rainy night and think to yourself why are we destroying our own habitat. Of course you don't. You are more rapped up in the beauty of a calm and serene shower with the wind blowing and a gentle howl of the breeze trickling through the trees. Why would you think of something bad? Well, maybe you should start thinking of rain as a bad thing. Maybe not rain, but what is in the rain. Not enough attention is being put toward the well being of the Earth. There are definitely forces at work destroying our environment as we speak. Our government needs to explore all the deadly toxins that go into our environment every second. Without this exploration we could kill ourselves. Not only will we...show more content... Substances are released which run off into water bodies and toxic to water life. Acidic materials deposited directly from the atmosphere also have the effect of altering the acid balance in water bodies and this too has an effect on the life they support. Acidic deposition onto sensitive buildings causes decay of stonework and other materials.(Environment Agency: Acid Rain, page 1) Where does acid rain come from? Acid rain is made from man–made emissions and a few natural compounds. A few of the emissions responsible for acidic rain issulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. Ammonia, which is mainly from agricultural process is also responsible for a lot of the acidity in rain. In the atmosphere it mixes with certain compounds and neutralizes them. The neutralized compounds break down when the products the reactions are deposited, acidity is then released. Acid rain was noted as a problem in the 1980's first effecting the ponds and lakes in northeastern USA, southern Canada, and what was the Soviet Union, and other smaller world regions. Acid rain, no matter when or where it falls will always cause damage to the environment. Acid rain has already caused thousands of lakes and ponds to a point of lifelessness, and has even damaged historic buildings in Europe. One of the major problems with acid rain is that it gets carried from a mass acid rain producing areas that are usually not as badly affected. Tall chimneys that are built to ensure that the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Acid Rain Essay Not many things have the ability to kill fish, destroy economies, and deteriorate buildings, but acid rain can do all of that. This lethal precipitation originates from both natural causes and those made by man. It has the potential to destroy ecosystems, including aquatic life and forest life. In addition to harming nature, it can also cause economic problems. However, efforts are being made to minimize the negative effects of acid rain, and they're working. Any form of wet or dry deposition from the atmosphere with nitric and sulfuric acid levels higher than normal is considered acid rain. Wet deposition includes, but is not limited to, rain, fog, snow, and mist. If weather conditions in a certain area are wet and acidic chemicals are...show more content... Other natural sources include lightning, forest fires, and microorganisms found in soil. These sources release nitrates, one of the substances known to raise acidity in rain (Evans 65). Humans are more responsible for causing acid rain than natural sources. Areas with large populations and heavy traffic are susceptible to acid rain, because car emissions contain high amounts of nitrogen oxides (Lerner and Lerner 2). Industrial pollutants are the leading cause of acid rain; they may raise the acidity of a region's precipitation more than tenfold (Gorman 13). Power plants burn fossil fuels, like coal and oil, for energy.Sulfur dioxide is a by–product of fossil fuels and is emitted into the air after being burned. Nitrogen oxides are less abundant but are still by–products of the same fossil fuels (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Both of these gasses raise the acidity in precipitation greatly. The most traumatic impact that acid rain has is its effects on living organisms and ecosystems. In aquatic ecosystems, particularly lakes and streams, the pH of the water decreases when the water itself and surrounding soil cannot buffer acid rain. As the pH drops, certain species of fish become intoxicated and die; bass begin to die when the water reaches pH levels of 5.5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Entire populations of fish can be wiped out from an Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Acid Rain Essay Acid rain is rain that is more acidic than normal. Acid rain is a complicated problem. Caused by air pollution, acid rain's spread and damage involves weather, chemistry, soil, and the life cycles of plants and animals on the land and from acid rain in the water. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. Power plants and factories burn coal and oil. Power plants use that coal and oil to produce the electricity we need to heat and light our homes and to run our electric appliances. We also burn natural gas, coal, and oil to heat our homes. The smoke and fumes from burning fossil fuels rise into the atmosphere and combine with the moisture in the air to form acid...show more content... In some instances, these gases and particles can eat away the things on which they settle. Dry deposited gases and particles are sometimes washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms. When that happens, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic than the falling rain alone. The combination of acid rain plus dry deposited acid is called acid deposition. The chemical reactions that change air pollution to acid rain can take from several hours to several days. Years ago, when smokestacks were only a few stories high, pollution from smokestacks usually stayed near the ground and settled on land nearby. This caused unhealthy conditions for plants and animals near the smokestacks. To reduce this pollution, the government passed a law permitting the construction of very tall smokestacks. At that time, people thought that if the pollution were sent high into the air it would no longer be a problem. Scientists now know that this is incorrect. Sending pollution high into the sky increases the time that the pollution stays in the air. The longer the pollution is in the air, the greater are the chances that the pollutants will form acid rain. In addition, the wind can carry these pollutants for hundreds of miles before they become joined with water droplets to form acid rain. For that reason, acid rain can also be a problem in areas far from the polluting smokestacks. Dry Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Acid Rain Essay Acid Rain "Acid Rain," or more precisely acidic precipitation, is the term used to describe rainfall that has a pH level of less than 5.6––a pH of 7 being neutral. This form of air pollution is currently a subject of great controversy because of the damage it does to the environment and property worldwide. For the last ten years, this occurrence has brought destruction to thousands of lakes and streams in the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe. It also leads to the deterioration of buildings and statues by reacting with several minerals. Acid rain is formed when oxides of nitrogen and sulfite combine with moisture in the atmosphere to make nitric and sulfuric acids. These acids can be carried away far from its origin....show more content... This gas attacks the membranes of the respiratory organs and increases the likelihood of respiratory illness. It also contributes to ozone damage, and forms smog (Phamornsuwana, http:/ /www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/9111/DOC.HTML#SPECIFIC). Nitrogen oxide can spread far from the location it was originated by acid rain. Changes in environment change the wildlife living in that environment. The lowering of pH from 7 to 4 is a dramatic change in environment, and the changes in wildlife reflect it. There are both direct and indirect effects of acid rain. Acid directly interferes with the ability of fish to take inoxygen, salt, and other nutrients needed to stay alive. Acidic conditions in the water cause mucus to form in the gills of fish, and prevents them from absorbing oxygen from the surrounding waters (Farnham, http:/ /www.ems.psu.edu/info/explore/AcidRain.html). With a few exceptions adult fish are unable to survive in waters with a pH below 4.8. However, fish eggs and baby fish are unable to survive pHs below 5.5 (Farnham, http://www.ems.psu.edu/info/explore/AcidRain.html). If reproduction is not possible a given fish population will eventually die off even if the pH is not low enough to kill the adult fish. Most importantly, acid rain can harm us through the atmosphere or through the soil from which our food is grown. Acid rain causes toxic metals to break loose from their natural chemical compounds, thus making the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Acid Rain Essay Acid Rain Acid rain is polluted rain. The pollutants go up to the atmosphere and when it rains it brings the pollution down with it. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are the gases that form the acid rain. When these gases mix with moisture it can make rain, snow, hail, or even fog. The scientific term for acid rain is acid deposition which means when the acid is taken from the air and is deposited on the earth. Major industries, coal burning factories, power plants and automoble engines are the main sources of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide which caues acid rain. Volcaneoes and forest fires also causes sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. Some of the many problems that come from acid rain is the killing of of many plants and...show more content... These soils are called alkaline soil, also called a base. In 1838 the German chemist Justus von Liebig offered the first really useful definition of an acid, namely, a compound containing hydrogen that can react with a metal to produce hydrogen gas. Soil is formed when rocks are broken up by the weather and erosion and mixed with organic matter from plants and animals. The term soil generally refers to the loose surface of the Earth, made from solid rock. To the farmer, soil is the natural medium for growth of all land plants. The rocks that make up soil could be acid, neutral, or alkaline, another name for a base. Limestone and chalk are rocks that are formed from tiny shells that are rich in calcium. Alkaline is made up of calcium. When acid rain falls on alkaine soil the calcium makes the acid become weaker or neutralize. Farmers put lime (a very strong alkaine substance) and special fertilzers in there soil netralize the acid in the soil on a regular daily basis. In general, soil structure is classified as sandy, clay, or loam, although most garden soils are mixtures of the three in varying proportions. A sandy soil is very loose and will not hold water. A clay soil is dense and heavy, sticky when wet, and almost brickhard when dry. Loam is a mixture of sand and clay soils, but it also contains large quantities of humus, or decayed organic material, which Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Acid Rain Essay In describing acid precipitation pollutant chosen it is more commonly known as acid rain representing a form of secondary pollution (EB,2013). Nitrogen and sulfur oxides are released into the atmosphere reacting to water and other components forming acids (EB, 2013). Acid rain refers to two different processes that enable the acid suspended in the atmosphere to deposit on the Earth's surface water dries (EB, 2013). Wet acid decomposition fades to the Earth's surface when it rains snows or fogs (EB, 2013). The dry acid deposition occurs when the acid particles drop to the Earth's surface as gas or a particulate form (EB, 2013). Acid decompositions and precipitation aren't constrained by international boundaries (EB, 2013). Many nations use fossil fuel do not have the legislation in place of air pollution limiting meaning that can contributes to the acid deposition and precipitation both locally and in other countries (EB, 2013). The Nations that haven't' taken any. Consideration of limiting air pollution resulting acid deposition that will affect the global environment (EB, 2013). Once the acid compounds are released they are deposited into the soil and bodies of water increasing the acidity resources (EB,2013). Acid water is not potable for humans (EB, 2013). Acid precipitation is both point and non–point pollution. The point pollutions of is from factories and the non–point the acid rain makes water more acidic and release aluminum can be toxic to fish (Acosta, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Acid Rain Essay Acid Rain Within this past century, acidity of the air and acid rain have become recognized as one of the leading threats to our planet's environment. No longer limited by geographic boundaries, acid causing emissions are causing problems all over the world. Some laws have been passed which limit the amount of pollutants that are released into the air, but tougher legislation must be implemented before this problem can be overcome. Acid rain is produced, when automobiles, smelters, power plants, and other industrial factories burn fossil fuels such as gasoline, coal, and fuel oils. When combusted, the non renewable resources release pollutants such as sulfur, carbon and nitrogen oxides into the air. These...show more content... Acid rain is also a strong destructive force against man made structures, reacting with marble, plastics and rubber. The problem of acid rain is derived mostly from northern countries such as the united States, Canada, and many countries of Eastern and Western Europe including Japan. The consequences of the acid precipitation have been most apparent in Norway, Sweden, and Canada, however, due to tall smokestacks many pollutants rise high into the atmosphere where air currents can pick them up and carry them as far as into an entirely different country. This cross–border issue is causing global concerns as it is no longer simply one country's problem. This concern has been well identified in North America where pollution emissions from Canada and the U.S. are crossing into each others territory. For example coal–powered electric generating stations found in Midwestern U.S seem to be the cause of a severe acid rain problem in eastern Canada. Acid rain is of strong concern worldwide, and something must be done to reduce, or hopefully end the problem. The acid kills nearly all forms of life, and tens of thousands of lakes Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Acid Rain Introduction: Acid Rain, or more specifically, acid precipitation, is an environmental phenomena. It is composed of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, in addition to water, which come to be due to the interactions between the water and atmospheric pollutants, such as sulfur oxide and nitric oxide. This combination of strong acids in water is known to be detrimental to the environment, infrastructure, and the health of people. Due to the water cycle, other water bodies, such as lakes and streams, are affected by the excess acid in rain in that their aquatic populations decrease. Acid Rain also leaches aluminum, as well as minerals and nutrients, from soils, harming vegetation. As for infrastructure, the acids in acid precipitation are known to erode metal and stone. Though acid rain itself does not damage people's well–being, the sulfur oxide and nitric oxide in the air can react with other atmospheric compounds to produce fine, inhalable sulfate and nitrate particles, which are linked to heart attacks and damaging effects on lung function for those more prone. The concentration of Acid Rain in this experiment will be determined in molarity (M), or mol/L, through conducting titrations. Atitration is the controlled addition of a known acid/base solution to an unknown conjugate solution until complete neutralization occurs. This state, also known as the equivalence point, occurs when the moles of acid is equal to the moles of base. The equivalence point in a titration can be Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. Hypothesis Of Acid Rain Objective: What is the effect of acid rain have on the growth of radish seeds? Hypothesis: The seeds that are not in acid rain will germinate more because the acid rain will cause most of the seeds to not germinate because the acid will burn the chemical the seed needs to germinate Materials Diluted Sulfuric Acid (Acid Rain) Normal Rain 60 Radish Seed Glass marking pencil Masking tape 2 petri dishes Sponges (2) Graduated cylinder Procedure: Label the petri dishes with "regular" and "acid". Place a sponge in each petri dish. Pour 30 mL of water in the petri dish labeled "water" and 30 mL of the diluted sulfuric acid into the petri dish labeled "Acid Rain". Evenly space 30 radish seeds on the sponges in each petri dish. Seal the petri dishes securely with the masking tape, and the place them under the the sun. Data/Observations: Effect of Acid Rain Radish Seeds Group Light Acid Observation 1 30 25 2 29 22 3 27
  • 16. 16 Acid was a darker green 4 25 12 More leaves on the acid plants 5 24 17 6 25 19 Acid was a darker green 7 26 22 8 18 19 Average 25.5 19 Graph Conclusion: The experiment was done to see how acid rain affects seed germination. The experiment was done with 60 radish seeds, sulfidic acid, and water.We put 30 seeds in a petri dish with a sponge that is soaked in sulfuric acid and we put the other 30 seeds in another petri dish with a sponge that is Get more content on HelpWriting.net