The Importance Of Integrated Reports In South Africa

The Importance of Integrated Reports in South Africa
Integrated report is a popular public disclosure recently. An integrated report is used to make
managers make better decisions and create value as much as possible. It means the integrated
representation of a company's performance in terms of both financial and environmental
information. Integrated Report provides great context for performance data, clarifies how value
relevant information fits into operations or a business. While the communications that result from
integrated reports will be benefit to a variety of stakeholders, their goal is to provide financial
capital allocation decisions. Transnet SOC Ltd is a large rail, port and pipeline company in South
African which was founded in 1990. The reason that I choose a company from South African is that
South African organizations declared integrated reports have occupied nearly 18% of the total 756
reports during the three years.(GRI report) I t shows that the companies use integrated report in
South African will be taken into consideration first. The firm's stock is mainly owned by the
department of public enterprises of the South African government. The business units of Transnet
include four main industries: rail engineering, freight rail, port terminals, national ports authority
and pipeline management. Transnet is a member of IIRC Pilot Program since 2012 and it is
Transnet's third year of integrated report. The company has participated in developing the IIRC
Integrated Reporting Framework which was published
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The International Accounting Standards Board Essay
During Transnet's 2015 financial year they recognised revenue under IAS 18: Revenue. During the
same financial year a new standard to account for revenue was issued namely IFRS 15: Revenue
from contracts with customers. The reasons for issuing a new standard was because IAS 18 was
broad and therefore lead to confusion and inconsistencies in the treatment of similar transactions.
The new standard results in different accounting implications in the annual financial statements of
Transnet. To evaluate the accounting implications of IFRS15 it must be compared with IAS 18. One
major implication is the change from recognising revenue from services rendered by using the
percentage of completion method that is stated in IAS 18. IFRS 15 recognises revenue either over–
time or at a point in time.
Introduction
In May 2014, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued a new standard namely
IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This change in the standard occurred within the
2015 financial year–end of Transnet (SOC) Limited (hereafter referred to as Transnet). The reason
for issuing IFRS 15 was that the previous revenue standards provided limited guidance and
therefore it could be difficult to apply to complex transactions. This resulted in inconsistencies in
the accounting treatment of economically similar transactions in different businesses. This report
aims to discuss the accounting implications that this new standard will have on Transnet.
Accounting

The Commercial Use of Mobile Telephones
The Commercial Use of Mobile Telephones
Around the 1980's mobile telephones started showing up for commercial use. They were analog
style, cumbersome and expensive to purchase. In the 1990's digital technology was born and mobile
phones became readily available to everyone and less expensive than the previous ten years. By
1998 over 30% of the world population within the areas of Europe, Asia, and North America had
mobile telephones.
With this type of usage of mobile telephones, Mobile Telephone Network plc (MTN) was born in
1993 attempting to earn their share in the South Africa market for mobile telephones. By 1999 MTN
had over 1.3 million subscribes in South Africa. MTN is only one of three in the southern
hemisphere to receive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
THREATS:
Each new country entered will present new challenges of entry such as different languages, tribal
laws or politics, and local geography.
Difficulties with installation and maintenance of new stations and equipment.
Unknown quantities of resources may be depleted with each country added, over and above the
normal or planed cost of the project.
MTN must train enough people to provide services and be able to retain those individuals.
Competitors may undercut pricing to gain market share.
Following Nigeria the countries that MTN are interested in are Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana,
Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Senegal, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. MTN's first key issue
holds many facets in determining entry into the other foreign countries. The main areas of concern
include, but certainly not limited to, cost, culture and ethics.
Cost
To determine if a country will be profitable in the long run, MTN must review all benefits, costs and
risks involved. The eleven African countries MTN's is investigating are considered to have a
relatively small economic market because of their low living standards and small purchasing power.
However, 6 of the 11 countries, Gabon, Mauritius, Senegal, Cameroon, Mozambique and Ghana, are
on a coast or have a costal port. Geography in these countries insures they have markets and access
to export goods through out the world. Telephone services would only help that type of

Convenience Store and 7-eleven
7–Eleven in Taiwan
Yuko Matsumuro
National Chengchi University
Abstract
Nowadays, convenience stores have become more and more common in Taiwan. If you just look
around everywhere, you will soon find there are a lot of convenience stores surrounding your town.
Among several convenience store chains, 7–Eleven, or the President Chain Store Corporation, is the
most popular one now. The paper focuses on why 7–Eleven is so successful in Taiwan and pursuits
what is behind it. At the beginning, to understand the position of 7–Eleven's parent company Uni–
President Enterprise Corporation (UPEC) in Taiwan, and investigate how it influence the success of
7–Eleven. Also, based on the data which showed the consumers' satisfaction towards ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
"While adequately integrating the subsidiaries of retail, logistics and recreational service companies
within the group, rapidly expanding its business territory" (Uni–President, 2007). The subsidiaries
of UPEC's business tie–up increased their business territory, and made UPEC more powerful
company. In 2005, the profit–making of the food industry UPEC exceeded over NTD 1,000 billion"
(Chang, 2006). The food industry of UPEC is one of famous company in Taiwan, if you look around
7–Eleven's food categories, you will soon found a lot of them are from its company. Now, we know
such big food industry behind 7–Eleven, is it related to the success of 7–Eleven?
Food is important role in convenience store In the article "The Almighty Convenience Store, 7–11
and Family Mart Competes", E–IPC, the research of Taiwanese people whose frequency to visit
convenience stores which stated from 1988, suggested those who answered once a week was 53.1%
in 1995; in 2009, those who answered to go there every week was 84.7%, among them, the sum of
those who answered three times a week and once a week was 50%, answered going everyday was
34%, surprisingly, those who answered visited over twice a day was 7.3%
(Marketing.chinatimes.com, 2010). The age of main consumers who spend money in convenience
store is 13 to 64, the E–IPC in 2006 to 2009, shown that those who answered visiting there

Top 1 Cause for Project Failure
Anish Mathai Mathew [PMP|MBA]
Temenos T24 PROGRAM MANAGER at Union National Bank
Featured discussion
In your experience, what is the TOP #1 cause for Project failure?
From experience, the following are the TOP10 causes of Project failure that Mathew can think of
(they are not in any kind of order):
#1. Lacking Sponsor 's Involvement/Ownership
#2. Halo Effect (Wrong Man for the Job)
#3. Poor HR Management
#4. Poor/Inadequate Project Communications
#5. Ignoring Project Stakeholders
#6. Absence of Risk Management
#7. Scope Creep/Unrealistic Expectations ( scope creep: Frequent and uncontrolled changes in the
scope or requirements of a project)
#8. Lack of Monitoring of Plan
#9. Absence of a Project Management Methodology ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For me this question shows the real reason for faillure. Most projects focus on producing a rocket
(only focus on delivery). Successful projects however look further: why do we create a rocket?
Because we want to go to the moon. If NASA would have only focussed on delivering rockets, they
would never have reached the moon and probably had produced a great number of disasters while
delivering or using those rockets. A Business Case focus, rather than only a delivery focus!
(By the way & off topic: this delivery approach for me also caused the current financial crisis. Only
focussing on the deal, not on the long term effects.)
All reasons summed up in the question above are in my view symptoms and results of the delivery–
only approach rather than reasons.
3. 4. [pic]
Alexandro Zencovich

Senior Project Manager at ZTE Canada
I would say #7. Scope Creep/Unrealistic Expectations. All the others reasons are certainly strong
source for failure but somehow most of them point to have a bad road map document.
This is why a Project Manager is so useful in any organization to make sure that we get the right
project management plan, which include a concise and accurate project scope statement and
"realistic" project expectations.
5. [pic]
Beth Barrett
Beth Barrett Consulting, LLC
Based on over 20 years of project management experience, I would say item #1 to

Financial Analysis of General Electric
GE Works 2011 Annual Report CONTENTS 2 Letter to Shareowners 10 Business Overview 29
Board of Directors 31 Financial Section 142 Corporate Information 2011 SUMMARY
CONSOLIDATED REVENUES (In $ billions) 2007 170 NBCU 155 2008 180 163 154 139 150
133 2009 2010 financial and strategic highlights 2011 147 142 22% GROWTH CONTINUES 22%
increase in Operating EPS excluding impact of the preferred stock redemption, and 20% rise in
Operating earnings. $200B RECORD INDUSTRIAL BACKLOG Record equipment and service
orders drove the backlog to a record of $200 billion. GE ex NBCU EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE
TO GE (In $ billions) 2007 22.3 NBCU 20.4 17.8 15.9 GE ex NBCU 10.8 9.5 2008 2009 2010 2011
$85B FINANCIAL ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We need each other to be successful. We made the decision to invest $1 billion in our Appliance
business, modernizing our factories in the U.S. Our first two new products will be introduced early
in 2012, with other major launches throughout the next two years. Most of 2 GE 2011 ANNUAL
REPORT our appliance product manufacturing will move back from China and Mexico to the
U.S. We think we can make more money and serve our customers better. We also think this will
make us a better manufacturing company in every corner of the world. But it is only possible
because our designers, factory workers, managers and marketers work together. GE is a "We
Company." We are solving problems, tough problems. We are in the seventh year of a clean energy
business strategy called ecomagination. Clean energy goes in and out of focus for governments and
consumers. But, at GE, we are steadfast in our investing. In 2011, we had $21 billion of clean
energy revenue, growing twice as fast as the Company average. Ecomagination drives growth
because we are solving problems for our customers. At coal mines, from Pennsylvania to Peru, our
water solutions allow customers to operate productively while achieving high environmental
standards. We demonstrate every day that, through innovation, we can meet societal needs and do it
profitably. We deliver results. That is the ultimate output of a strong culture. Over the next few
years, our performance will accelerate. We aim to reward investors by

Information Systems Today, 5e (Valacich/Schneider)
Information Systems Today, 5e (Valacich/Schneider)
Chapter 4: Enabling Commerce Using the Internet
1) Electronic commerce is used to conduct business with business partners such as suppliers and
intermediaries. This form of EC is commonly referred to as ________ electronic commerce.
A) business–to–consumer
B) peer–to–peer
C) business–to–business
D) consumer–to–consumer
E) business–to–employee
2) Which of the following statements is true about electronic commerce?
A) Business–to–business is by far the largest form of electronic commerce in terms of revenues.
B) It is limited to transactions between businesses and consumers.
C) Electronic commerce between businesses and their employees is not possible.
D) All forms of electronic commerce ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
C) Gatorade Thirst Quencher is a market leader in sports drinks. It is now planning to market its
drinks to working women in urban areas.
D) OakTeak, a furniture manufacturing firm, started selling directly to its customers after it
experienced a dip in sales due to channel conflicts between retailers.
E) A luxury car company creates a hybrid line of automobiles for consumers who are concerned
about the environment.
11) ________ refers to the design of business models that reintroduce middlemen in order to reduce
the challenges brought on by dealing directly with customers.
A) Reintermediation
B) Demutualization
C) Gentrification
D) Disintermediation
E) Mutualization
12) Which of the following is an example of reintermediation?
A) The black Centurian card is issued by invitation only to customers who spend more than
$250,000 a year on other American Express cards.

B) P&G acquires the list of parents–to–be and showers them with samples of Pampers and other
baby products to capture a share of their future purchases.
C) Kambo, a fashion apparel company that deals directly with customers to sell its products, added
retailers to its supply chain to cater to its target audience in remote geographic locations.
D) OakTeak, a furniture manufacturing firm, started selling directly to its customers after it
experienced a dip in sales due to channel conflicts between retailers.
E) Dunkin' Donuts expanded its menu beyond

State Capitalism vs Liberal Capitalism
Overview
Capitalism is the combination of many actions that provides the economic structure such as the
changing balance of output, trade, income and employment. This is based on private ownership by
means of corporations or individuals. There are many types of capitalism. This essay discusses two
types of capitalism that are currently being debated in the media, State capitalism and liberal
capitalism.
This essay also investigates whether the South Africa is really state capitalism or are they using
Major Private Sectors to socially develop the South African economy, being Neoliberal capitalism?
State Capitalism VS Liberal Capitalism
State capitalism is when the government takes control over the commercial economic environment.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By increasing the number of firms and projects will shift the demand curve to the right and therefore
increasing the number of labours from L1 to L2.
Transportation and Water
Government is planning to develop and integrate rail, road and water infrastructure in various parts
of South Africa. This is increasing the production of minerals; namely coal, platinum, palladium,
chrome and other minerals. This will also expand the rail transport thus connecting coalfields to
power stations.
The government is planning to link South Africa's major cities, such as Gauteng, Durban and the
Free State with each other and with the major sea–ports to improve exports. The government is
implementing this integration with their state owned enterprise, Transnet. Thus implying that the
upgrade of transportation is state led capitalized. Further to this, Transnet is reducing port charges to
decrease the cost of doing business.
Furthermore the reason for government intervention in transportation and water development is to
increase the production of minerals which is our primary GDP driver. Mining Industry contributes
8.8% directly to the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and another 10% indirectly. (Brand
South Africa 2012)
Health and Education
Government is implementing National health insurance systems such as the refurbishment of
hospitals and nursing homes. As well as spending a large amount of money for schools and
universities in poor areas such as Mpumalanga and the

DSY: A Case Study
There are currently four criteria for recognizing revenue: evidence of an existing arrangement,
delivery has occurred, price is determinable, and there is a reasonable assurance of payment (SEC
Topic 13: Revenue Recognition). According to GAAP, it is appropriate for DSY to recognize
revenue before the date that the cable is delivered. Revenue is realizable because there has been a
sale and all the criteria are met of a bill and hold agreement. A business can decide when it has
fulfilled its performance obligation to transfer a product based on if the customer has control of that
product. Depending on the contract, control is transferred when the product is delivered to the
customer or when the product is shipped. The customer has control until ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The standard states that revenue is recognized when control is transferred and the customer can
benefit from the product provided by the firm. Organizations will recognize each of the goods or
services promised to a customer and determine if the goods represent a performance obligation, then
recognize that revenue when the obligations are fulfilled. Companies will now assign the transaction
price to each performance obligation in the contract on the standalone selling price of the goods or
services, then recognize revenue when performance obligation is completed (FASB ASC 606–10–
25). In the first transaction, with the new revenue standard, DSY would be able to recognize
revenue. The product has been identified as belonging to the customer, the product is physically
ready to be shipped and the company will not use it for another customer; therefore, the customer
has gained control. The obligation to keep the goods until the customer's warehouse is finished is on
behalf of the customer. Since there is another performance obligation, DSY needs to estimate the
stand alone price based on how long the service will be provided, which is three months from the
purchase date. The transaction price would be allocated to the additional obligation and recognized
over time as services are provided (FASB ASC 606–10–55–81). With the second transaction,

Company Case
Emerging Markets Case Studies Collection Emerald Case Study: Kulula.com: now anyone can fly
in South Africa Stephanie Townsend, Geoff Bick Article information: To cite this document:
Stephanie Townsend, Geoff Bick, "Kulula.com: now anyone can fly in South Africa", Emerald
Emerging Markets Case Studies, 2011 Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111126792 Downloaded on: 06–11–2012 References: This
document contains references to 19 other documents To copy this document:
permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 742 times since 2011. *
Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by Emerald Group
Publishing Limited For Authors: If you would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Disclaimer. This case is written solely for educational purposes and is not intended to represent
successful or unsuccessful managerial decision making. The author/s may have disguised names;
financial and other recognizable information to protect confidentiality. DOI
10.1108/20450621111126792 The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre on 11 September
2001, however, left many of the world's already ailing airlines in a state of crisis, with Swissair,
Belgium's Sabena, Australia's Ansett and US Airways going bankrupt. The healthier airlines –
British Airways and Lufthansa – experienced a significant drop in passenger numbers (Fletcher,
2002). Excluding Ryanair, the European low–cost segment accumulated losses of almost $300
million between 1996 and 2001, and AB Airlines, ColorAir and Debonair went bankrupt. Compared
to the flag carriers, however, the low–cost carriers did very well after the September 11 attacks.
Despite the seemingly crowded market in Europe and a 7 per cent VOL. 1 NO. 1 2011, pp. 1–28, Q
Emerald Group Publishing Limited, ISSN 2045–0621 j EMERALD EMERGING MARKETS
CASE STUDIES j PAGE 1 market share of the intra–European air travel market, discount airlines
such as easyJet, Ryanair, Buzz and Virgin Express had all grown stronger and had placed Europe's
traditional flag carriers under severe threat

Financial Accounting Uses The Accrual Concept
Revenue received in advance
Financial accounting uses the accrual concept whereby the results of transactions are recorded when
or as they occur instead of only when cash is received or paid. On the other hand, the taxation
authorities taxes entities on the earliest of accrual or receipt. The difference in the accounting and
tax treatments of different transactions may therefore result in an entity's profit/loss before taxation
for a period (or year of assessment) being different from the entity's taxable income/loss for that
period (or year of assessment).
Transnet is a South African resident company as it was incorporated in the Republic of South Africa
(page 159 of the Transnet Annual Financial Statements 2015 Volume 2) and will therefore be taxed
on its world–wide income.
For an amount to constitute gross income it needs to meet the requirements or elements of the gross
income definition as defined in section 1 of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 (the Act). In the case of
any South African resident, gross income is the total amount in cash or otherwise received by or
accrued to or in favour of such resident during the year or period of assessment excluding receipts
and accruals of a capital nature (Stiglingh, M; et al. 2016).
The words 'received by' and accrued to' are not defined in the Act, reference to the relevant case law
is therefore necessary (Stiglingh, M; et al. 2016). For an amount to accrue to a taxpayer, the
taxpayer has to be entitled to receive payment of

South Africa Has Eight Commercialized Ports
Introduction
"South Africa has eight commercialized ports which are namely Durban, Cape Town, East London,
Mossel Bay, Ngqura, Port Elizabeth, Saldanha Bay and Richards Bay"." Four of these ports namely
Durban, East London, Cape Town and Port Elizabeth are operating as multipurpose ports since these
ports deal with gas, petroleum and bulk goods". "Saldanha and Richard Bay are two ports which
mainly deal with bulk dispatches and receive bulk goods". "Mossel Bay is one of the ports that are a
fishing port reason being it supplies oil and gas to the industry".
All ports in "South Africa" play a very important role as they are the main connection to trading
with other countries. "About 96% of our country's exports are done by sea". The company's efforts
are expected to improve 'Transnet's" ability by providing safe and efficient services. This will also
satisfy the requirements laid out in the shareholders journals. "Transnet" is the largest and most
important division of transport that delivers stocks and goods to all citizens. The company is
responsible for loading goods onto ships for exportation and it also removes goods from ships that
have imported. "The Company is focused on creating a recognized name as a rail transport company
that delivers reliable, low cost, integrated and safe service that enhances the economy".
Although "Transnet" is state owned it operates as a corporate establishment. It is recognized as a
corporate that makes a huge contribution to our country's

First Data Essay
1. Brief Overview of the Industry:
TransNet Payment System is a credit card merchant processing company. They are registered
Independent Sales Organization (ISO) of First Data and are also the member of The Electronic
Transaction Association (ETA). Merchant service handles the electronic payment transactions that
includes the process of obtaining the sales information from the merchant, acquiring bank
authorized the transaction and routes it to the processor and then to the card associations, they then
routes the transaction to the issuing bank for approval and sending payments to the merchant. This
entire process involve a high level of respect for confidentiality of customer's data. Since TransNet
is a member of ETA, the company naturally conducts business based on their values. For instance,
one of the code of conducts of ETA states, "Members of the ETA shall take affirmative steps to
comply with all industry standards to assure that such ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First Data wants their ISO to use this solution in order to secure sensitive personal financial
information. First Data holds cardholder security as their first priority. They continually invest in
tools and technology to protect data and assist merchant in becoming PCI compliant to minimize
fraud and avoid penalties. In TransNet, Almas Noorwani, is responsible to update their merchants
about the PCI Compliance and its advantages. Almas is not working as an independent compliance
officer, but this is one of her job responsibilities. TransNet does not have any compliance officer and
does not conduct any internal trainings for compliance program. However, First Data provides
online training programs that helps ISOs to understand the importance of the Compliance program
and have their merchants become PCI Compliant. There are penalties if the merchant is not
compliant known as Non–PCI Compliance

The Pros And Cons Of Democratic Capitalism
"Democratic capitalism has three unequalled strengths. It is the only system that achieves both
economic growth and individual freedom, and it adapts to the many diverse cultures in the world...
Democracy works to remove the most common criticism of capitalism that it generates inequality in
income distribution." (Metzer, 1995)
Capitalism is the only economic system that allows people to have freedom and growth in most
areas in their lives. I begin with the statement because the heart of capitalism rests on the
entrepreneur's right to produce what he or she desires and the consumer's right to choose what to
buy. Therefore Capitalism places the ownership of the means of producing goods and services in the
hands of individuals (Metzer, 1995). The allocation of physical and human capital is based on
individual decisions. Power is dispersed thus making this system work perfectly with democracy in
which everyone gets one vote ensuring equal power politically whatever their race, political views
and gender. This has caused most individuals to contribute to a productive economic system,
seeking to do or make something that others will pay for, or they will work for an organization that
makes products or provides services that are purchased and used by others. We have concluded that
having the desire to have the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the outbreak of World War I, the dominant role in capitalism passed to the United States,
coincident with the emergence of changes in the structure and functioning of capitalism. These
changes were to culminate, after the Great Depression of the 1930s in the United States, in more
important alterations that placed a period to old–style capitalism. The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917
had already ushered in the present era of hostile competition between modified capitalism and
collectivist economic and political systems.

Improving an Organization's Relations with the Zone of...
The zone of industrial/organizational psychology that deals with the selection and evaluation of
personnel, and other job aspects such as morale, satisfaction, and relationships between managers
and workers in the workplace. Personnel psychology is a sub division of industrial psychology
which deals with selection and evaluation of personnel. It also looks into other job parts such as
morale, satisfaction, and relationships between managers and workers in the workplace.( Bovee,
1992, p. 7) The main aim for it is to improve work competence and output quality of the
organization. Personal psychology refers to the application of psychology in the hiring and caring of
employees. (Bovee, 1992, p. 78) Psychology is both an academic and applied field which deals with
the study of human mind and behaviour. It seeks to understand and even explain emotion, thought
and behaviour. Personnel means a body of persons employed in a place of work or organisation or a
group of people who work together in the same organisation are referred to as personnel, and are
willing to obey orders through the organisation which is hiring, training and placing employees and
for setting policies for personnel management (Sehrebo, 2008, p. 38).Psychology is the scientific
study of the human mind and its mental characteristics or attitude of a person. Similarities between
personnel psychology and human resource The major relationship between these two concepts
stems from their overall goals. They all aim at

Gross Income Implications For The Individual Who Accepted...
Gross Income implications for the individual who accepted the bribe:
The definition of gross income per section 1 of the Income Tax Act for any resident is:
the total amount
in cash or otherwise
received by, or accrued to, or in favour of such resident
during such year or period of assessment
excluding receipts and accruals of a capital nature
The bribe of R300 000 meets all the aforementioned requirements of the gross income definition
except for whether or not the amount has been 'received by' the senior official during the year of
assessment ending 28 February 2015.
The gross income definition requirement of 'received by' is not defined in the Income Tax Act and
therefore the following case law principles will be applied in determining whether the bribe, being
illegal income, should be included in the individuals gross income for the current year of
assessment.
Cases:
An amount is 'received by' a tax payer if the taxpayer intended to receive the amount for his own
benefit irrespective of the legality(legal or illegal) of such amounts (MP Finance Group CC v
CSARS (2007)).
The source of income, legal or illegal, is irrelevant in determining if an amount constitutes gross
income. Moreover, illegal receipts are taxable(CIR v Delagoa Bay Cigarette Co)
In order to constitute a 'receipt' for normal tax purposes, the taxpayer must have received the amount
on his own benefit and for his own behalf (Geldenhuys v CIR).
It can be deduced using the above

Global Warming, Resource Scarcity, And High Energy Costs
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1 INTRODUCTION
According the 2010, Sustainability Report by the President and Chief Operating Officer of
Bombardier transportation (André Navarri) [2], around the globe, everyone is faced with significant
challenges including global warming, resource scarcity, and high–energy costs. Cities continue to
exhibit explosive growth, leading to the pressing need for more effective transportation systems.
Bombardier Transportation finds itself at the confluence of these environmental and social
challenges.
The report also mention that, in 2006, BT launched an integrated approach to align their operations
with industry world–class standards and to formalize the sharing of best practices among all
Bombardier ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The majority of articles are theoretical rather than practical in nature. In the recent years the number
of experiential articles is increasing drastically compared to previous years [4].
Customized products describe manufacturing in the Twenty–first century. This has led to the
complex production planning and control systems making mass production of goods interesting.
Many organizations, particularly railway and automotive organizations, struggled in the new
customer driven and globally competitive markets. These factors present a big challenge to
organizations to look for new tools and methods to continue moving up the ladder in the changed
market situation [5]. This creates more problems for new companies that are eager to break into the
markets.
Supply chain is one of the critical aspects that can make or break any company. The research will
also concentrate on aspects of supply chain.
1.1 LEAN AND ITS PURPOSE
Lean is an idea or process of creating value for customers by reducing waist. The increase of
production output with less labour. The purpose is to be able to fulfil customers' needs with less
cost.
The five Lean principles are:

1.1.1 SPECIFY VALUE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE CUSTOMER
This addresses the common way manufactures work by giving the customer what is convenient for
the manufacture. The Twenty–first century demands and requirements from customers are complex

Budget Analysis Capital Improvement Program
History and Purpose San Diego is a coastal Southern California city located in the southwestern
corner of the continental United States. In 2006, the city's population was estimated to be 1,256,951.
It is the second largest city in California and the eighth largest city in the United States, by
population. It is the county seat of San Diego County and is the economic center of the San Diego–
Carlsbad–San Marcos metropolitan area, the 17th–largest in the United States with a population of
2.9 million as of 2006, and the 21st–largest metropolitan area in the Americas when including
Tijuana. San Diego County lies just north of the Mexican border–sharing a border with Tijuana–and
lies south of Orange County. It is home to miles of beaches, ... Show more content on
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The citizens felt that in time of financial crisis that this budget should be slashed dramatically to
ensure that taxes would not rise and that a deficit would not incur. Looking at just the difference
between the 2005 and 2006 CIP budget there was a decrease of $193.6 million. The cuts occurred in
the Engineering and Capital Projects, Library, Metropolitan Wastewater, Police, Office of the CIO
and Water Capital Imporvements. I feel that this was a tactical move on the part of the city
government to conserve and payback the $2 billion deficit. To go further, there is even a special
section in the proposed 2009 fiscal year budget on the table for approval. It states: "The total budget
for Fiscal Year 2009 is $3.29 billion. This includes $1.19 billion for General Fund operations and
$1.35 billion for operation of the City's Enterprise Fund activities. Another $574 million is budgeted
for capital improvement projects across the City." "Restoring the City's fiscal stability has been my
top priority since becoming Mayor. The Fiscal Year 2009 Proposed Budget continues the City's
progress toward that goal. In the coming year, I will once again dedicate additional funding to eight
significant areas of concern that had been neglected or under–funded in the past. This budget:
Properly funds the

The Importance Of Integrated Reports In South Africa

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The Importance Of Integrated Reports In South Africa