A laboratory manual_for_pharmaceutics_ii

A Laboratory Manual for
Pharmaceutics -II
(Dispensing Pharmacy)
Second Year Diploma In Pharmacy
Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CELL, MSBTE, MUMBAI
LABORATORYMANUALDEVELOPMENTPROJECT
FOR DIPLOMA INPHARMACY
O 2006, Maharashtra StateBoardof Technical Education,
49, Kherwadi,Aliyawar Jung Road, Bandra (East), Mumbai-400 051.
MaharashtraState, India.
Nopartofthis LaboratoryManualbereproduced,inanyform or byany means,without permission
inwritingfrom MSBTEMumbai.
Particulars
EducationTechnology Consultant
ProjectInstitute
Chief Project Coordinator
ProjectCoordinator
SubjectExperts
Team for design
Shri. D. M. Makone
Mumbai EducationalTrust's Instituteof Pharmacy,
Bandra (w), Mumbai-400 050
Shri. S. D. Bhosale
Principal,
MET'S instituteof Pharmacy,Bandra (w)
Smt. Sushama M. Gokhale
MET'S lnstituteof Pharmacy,Bandra (w).
1. Shri.A. R. Kulkarni
Lecturer,JadhavraoTasgaonkar Inst.of Pharmacy,
Bhivpuri, Karjat, Dist.- Raigad.
2. Smt. S. M. Gokhale
Lecturer,
MET'S Inst.of Pharmacy,Bandra(w).
3. Kum.Abhilasha Shriwas
Lecturer,
N.S.S. Collegeof Pharmacy,Tardeo.

MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE
TThis isto certifythat, Mr./ Ms.
Roll no. of Second Year Diploma in Pharmacy has completed
theterm work satisfactorily in Pharmaceutics-11 (0811)for the academicyear
20 to 20 as prescribed inthe curriculum.
Place :
Date :
Enrolment No.:
Exam. Seat No.:
( ) ( ) ( )
Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal
Institution
( "' Of i

Pharmaceutics- 11 (0811)
LEARNING OVERVIEW
OBJECTIVES OF PHARMACEUTICS II :
Subjectdeals with dispensingthat is concerned with preparation and supply of medicines'
It requiresextensiveknowledgeof:
1. Active ingredientsand excipients.
2. Principlesof compounding.
3. Dosage.
4. Chemical, Physicaland therapeutic incompatibilities.
5. Labelingprocedures.
6. Packagingmethods.
7. Handlingof poisonsand their misuse.
8. Maintenanceof cleanlinessand accuracy inoverallprocedure.
It isemphasizedto learnprescriptionsincludingtranslation,calculationand suitabilityfor technical modality.
Various formulationsare:
1. Mixtures.
2. Lotionsand Liniments.
3. Emulsionsand Suspensions.
4. Ointmentsand Creams.
5. Eardrops and Nasaldrops.
6. Mouthwashes, Gargles,Throat paints.
7. Powdersfor internalandexternal use.
8. Suppositories, Pessaries.
9. Incompatiblepreparations.
It is necessaryto makecarefulpreparationand labelingof formulations meantfor internaland externaluse.
Patientsare communicatedthroughlabeland in personalso. The informationregardingstorage, use, dose
and precautionsinvolvedin useof any of the aboveformulationsshallalso be provided.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION i

Pharmaceutics- 1
1(0811)
LINK 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
SHOWING INTER RELATIONSHIP OF SUBJECT AREAS,
CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES AND JOB PROFILE
ii + MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CORE TECHNOLOGY
1. HumanAnatomy and Physiology
2. Bio-Chemistryand Clinical
Pathology
3. HealthEducationand Community
Pharmacy
4. Pharmacognosy
5. Pharmaceutics- l
6. PharmaceuticalChemistry- I
7. PharmaceuticalChemistry- Il
TECHNOLOGY SUBJECTS
1. Pharmacologyand Toxicology
2. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy
3. Pharmaceutics- Il
4. Drug Store and Business
Management
5. PharmaceuticalJurisprudence
JOB PROFILE
1. Entrepreneur(Wholesaler,
Distributor,Chemistand Druggist)
2. Industry
Skilledpersonnel(Bulk drug
formulations,Cosmetics)Medical
representative.
3. Hospital Pharmacist (Dispensing,
Manufacturing)
Supervisor
4. CommunityPharmacist
5. Academic Institution
(LaboratoryTechnician)
6. Repackagingof Drugsother than
those specified in ScheduleC and
C1 of Drugs and CosmeticsAct
1940and Rules 1945.
4
v
CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES
1. Developattitudefor personal
development
2. Develop social skills for social
development
3. Developcontinued learningskills
for life longlearning
4. Gain basic knowledgeof human
body and various ~llnesses.
5. Understandvariousdrugs,their
formulations and their appropriate
use.
6. Developcommunicationskills.
7. Developtechnicalskillsfor
industryand hospitalactivities.

Pharrnaceutics - 11 (0811)
GRAPHICAL STRUCTURE OF SUBJECT AREA
SECOND YEAR - DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY
PHARMACEUTICS - II (DISPENSING PHARMACY)
PROBLEM1
APPLICATION:
PROCEDURE:
PRINCIPLES:
CONCEPTS:
FACTS:
MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION + iii
Techniquesto formulatesimilar types of preparations,Communicationsand
counselingto patients,communication to prescribers, Identifyingthe
incompatibilitiesand their rectification.
A
A 4
Latinterms
translationand
calculation
Reductionof particle
size, Measurementof
solids and liquids,
Mixing,Separation,
Temperature regulation.
A
Selectionof
Containers,
Labeling,Storage.
Dosageforms Incompatibilityand Weights and Measures
Posology of Imperialand
Metric system
Prescription,
Latinterms
Good
manufacturing
and laboratory
practices
Active
ingredientsand
othersupporting
chemicals
Dispensing
A
Pharmacistwith necessary
equipmentsand chemicals
Prescribers
Patients
Drugs and CosmeticsAct 1940
and Rules 1945.
b

-
Pharmaceutlcs - 1
1 (0811)
DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS
Student will develop following intellectual skills through the subject of Pharmaceutics - II
Student will develop and practice following motor skills:
Intellectualskills
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
Description
To understandthe prescriptionand identifythe type of formulation.
To understandmethodof preparation.
To select the suitable container.
To decide the generaland special instructions to be given on the label.
iv + MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Motorskills
M - I
M - 2
M - 3
Description
To preparetheformulation correctly.
To pack the preparationinthe selectedcontainer.
To labelthe preparationclearly for communicating to patients.

Pharmaceutics- II (0811j
GRID TABLE
Followingtable gives grid of the experiments and related intellectual and motor skills.
Teacher shallensure for developmentof genericskills during the practicals.
Studentsare expected to focus on acquiring specific skills mentioned therein.
MAHAFWSHTFWSTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION +V
Sr. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Nameof Experiment
Introductionto Pharmaceutics-II(Dispensing
Pharmacy)Laboratorywork.
To understandWeights and MeasuresInvolvedin
Dispensing.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
To understandPrescriptionand LatinTerms Used
in Prescription
Classificationof DosageForms and Codingof
ExperimentsBasedon DosageForms
DosageCalculations
lntroductionto Liquiddosageforms: Mixtures,
Syrups, Elixirs, Linctuses,Liquids Used in Mouth
and Body Cavities
To prepareand submit Simple MixtureContaining
FerricAmmonium Citrate
d d d d d
-
9.
10.
11.
12
13.
-
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Intellectualskills Motorskills
To prepareand submit MixtureContaining
DiffusibleSolids.
To prepare and submit Kaolin Mixture B.P.
Diffusiblesolids.
IndiffusibleSolids.
To prepareand submit Mixture ContainingSlightly
Soluble Liquid.
To prepareand submit MixtureContainingSmall
Dose of Potent Medicament.
To prepare and submit Official Mixture B.P.
To prepare and submit Simple Syrup.
-
-
-
-
-
-
To prepareand submit CodeineLinctus B.P.C.
To prepareand submit Chloral HydrateElixir.
To prepareand submit Throat Paint.
To prepare and submit Mandl's Paint.
Mi
11 1s
12
I
M
2
14
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
M
s
d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
-
-
-
-
-
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d

-
-
Pharmaceutics - 1
1(0011)
vi + MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Sr. No.'
21.
22.
23.
-
Nameof Experiment
To prepareand submitGargles.
To prepareand submitMouthwash.
To prepareand submit EarDrops.
MI
Motorskllls
M
2 M
3
.I
.I
.I
.I
.I
. I . I d d d . I . I
. I d . I d . I . I . I
. I . I d . I . I . I d '
. I . I . I d . I . I
-
-
-
-
-
-
. I . I d . I . I . I . I
. I . I d . I . I . I A
. I . I d d . I . I . I
d
. I . I d d . I . I . I
.I
. I . I . I . I . I . I . I
. I . I . I . I . I . I . I
. I . I d . I . I . I . I
. I . I . I . I . I . I . I
. I . I . I . I . I . I . I
.I
-
-
-
-
-
.I
. I . I . I . I . I . I . I
.I
. I . I . I . I d . I . I
. I . I . I . I . I . I . I
. I . I . I . I . I . I . I
. I . I . I . I . I . I . I
. I , . I . I . I . I . I . I
skllls
14
d d d d d d d
. I . I . I d . I . I . d
. I . I d d . I . I
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
-
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.-
37.
38.
39.
-
40.
.I
.I
.I
.I
.I :
.I
.I
.I
-
-
-
-
-
-
.I
. I . I . I . I . I . I
.I
Intellectual
12
To prepareand submit Ear Drops.
To prepareand submit NasalDrops.
To prepareand submit NasalDrops. ,
I To prepareand submit Inhalation.
To prepareand submit Potassium Permanganate
Solution(Douche).
To prepareand submit Eye Drops.
7
To prepareand submit Eye Lotion.
Reportof visit to Hospital1 Retail Pharmacy.
Introductionto Emulsions
To prepareand submit EmulsionContaining Castor Oil.
To identifythe type of given Emulsionby
Dilution Method.
To prepareand submit Emulsionwith Turpentine Oil.
To identifythe given Emulsionby DyeTest.
To prepareand submit Emulsionwith OliveOil
To prepareand submit Emulsionwith Soluble
Substance.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
To prepareand submit Emulsionwith Small Portion
of Oily Substance.
To prepareand submit Emulsionwith substance
Insolublein Oil and Water.
To prepareand submit Emulsionwith LiquidParaffin.
.I
.I
.I
.I
13
.I
.I
.I
41.
-
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
To prepareand submit OrganicSoap Emulsion.
.I .I
To prepareand submitTurpentine Liniment B.P.
To prepareand submit LinimentAmmoniaSoapType.
To prepare and submit White Liniment B.P.
To prepare and submit BenzylBenzoate
Application B.P.
To prepareand submit Liniment.
To prepareand submit CamphoratedOil.
To prepareand submitTurpentineandAcetic
Acid Liniment.
.I
.I
42. .I
.I
.I
Toprepare and submit Emulsion(LimeCreamType).
.I
.I

Pharmaceutics- 11 (0811)
MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION +vii
Sr. No.
50.
51.
Name of Experiment
To prepareand submit CalamineLotion.
To prepareand submit Sulphur Lotion.
Motor
MI
4 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1
-
-
-
-
d
d
d
Intellectualskllls
d d d d d d d
d i d
d d d d d d d
d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61. 1
62.
63.
64.
skllls
65.
Mz
11
I To prepareand Dispense EmulsifyingWax I.P.
To prepareand submit Simple Ointment I.P.
( To prepareand submit SulphurOintment B.P.
To prepareand submit Zinc Oxide Ointment B.P.
To prepare and submit Methyl SalicylateOintment B.P.
To prepareand submit ParaffinOintmentI.P.
To prepareand submit EmulsifyingOintment I.P.
To prepareand submit Staining Ointment.
To prepareand submit Non-StainingIodineOintment.
To prepareand submit CalamineOintment B.P.C.
To prepareand submit CetrimideCream B.P.
To prepareand submit Zinc Cream.
d I d a
-
-
d
d
MJ
12 13
To prepareand submit Unna's Paste.
4 4
d
d ~
14
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d
d
d
Acid Paste B.P.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
d
-
-
-
d i d
d
d
d
d
d
-
-
-
-
-
To prepareand submit BassorinPaste.
-
-
-
-
-
-
To prepareand submit DithranolPaste.
To prepareand submit Jelly.
To prepare and submit Kaolin PoulticesB.P.C.
lntroductionto Suppositoriesand Pessaries.
To prepareand submit Soap-GlycerinSuppository
B.P.C.
To prepare and submit Glycerol SuppositoryB.P.
To prepareand submit Suppos~tory
ContainingSoluble
Solids.
To prepareand submit Pessariesof Cocoa Butter
ContainingLiquid.
To prepareand submit Pessariesof Cocoa Butter
ContainingInsolubleMedicaments.
d
d
lntroductionto Solid Dosageforms: Powders and
oral unit Dosage form.
d
77.
78.
-
-
-
d
d
-
-
-
-
-
-
d
-
-
-
-
1 Toprepareand submit Powder. I
To prepareand submit Powder
d
d
d
d d d d d d d
d
d d d d d d d l
d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d
d
d
d i d *
d
d 1
d

Pharmaceutics - 1
1(0811)
NOTE :d- Identifiedskiis
Sr. No.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100
viii + MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Name of Experiment
To prepareand subm~t
Powder.
To prepareand submit Gregory's Powder.
Toprepareand submit EffervescentGranules
ContainingIronandAmmonium Citrate.
To prepareand submitCompoundMagnesium
TrisilicateOral Powder B.P.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
To prepareand submitTabletTriturates
To prepareand submitTooth Powder.
To prepareand submit Insufflations.
To prepareand submit BoricAcid Containing 1%
of Iodine.
To prepareand submit Dusting Powder.
Introductionto lncompatibility
To identify the type of lncompatibility and
Perform Accordingly.
To identify the type of Incompatibilityand Perform
Accordingly.
To identify the type of Incompatibilityand Perform
Accordingly.
To identifythe type of Incompatibilityand Perform
Accordingly.
Accordingly.
To identifythe type of lncompatibllityand Perform
Accord~ngly.
Accordingly.
Accordingly.
To identifythe type of lncompatibllityand Perform
Accordingly
Accordingly.
Accordingly
Accordingly.
Accordingly.
Motor
MI
11 13
Intellectual
12
skllls
skllls
1
.
1
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
d d d d d d d
M
z M
3

! Pharmaceutics- II(0811)
GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS
Teachers shall discuss the following points with students before start of practicalsof the subject.
1. . LearningOverview:To develop better understandingof importanceof the subject.To know related
skillsto be developedsuch as Intellectualskills and Motor Skills.
2. LinkIBlock Diagram:Context of the subject inthe form of link diagram showinginterrelationshipof
varioussubject areas, curriculum objectivesandjob profile.
3. Graphicalstructure: Inthis topics and sub topics are organizedin systematicway sothat ultimate
purposeof learningthe subject is achieved. This is arranged in the form of fact, concept, principle,
procedure,applicationand problem.
4. Knowyour Laboratorywork: To understandthe layoutof laboratory, specificationsof Equipmentsl
Instruments1Materials, procedure,working in groups, planningtime etc.Also to know total amount
of work to be done in the laboratory.
5. Teacher shall ensurethat required equipments are in working conditionbefore start of experiment,
also keepoperatinginstructionmanualavailable.
6. Explain prior conceptsto the students beforestarting of each experiment.
7. Involvestudents activityat the time of conduct of each experiment.
8. While preparing, labeling, evaluation; each student (from batch of 20 students) shall be given a
chanceto performlobservetheexperiment.
9. About four experiments will be performed in each practical turn.
10. List of questions is given at the end of each experiment. Teacher shall instruct the students to
attempt particularquestionsfrom that list.Teachershallensurethat each studentwrites the answers
to the allottedquestions in the laboratory manual in the blank space providedbelow the questions.
11. Ifthe experimental setup hasvariations in the chemicals and specificationsof the equipments,the
teachers are advised to makethe necessarychanges, wherever needed.
12. Teacher should ensure that the respectiveskills and competencies are developed in the students
after the completionof the practicalexercise.
I 13. Teacher is expectedto share the skills and competenciesto be developed in the students.
14. Teacher may provideadditional knowledgeand skills to the students even though notcovered inthe
manual but are expected from the studentsafter they pass out.
15. Teachershallensurethat visits recommended inthe manualarecovered.
16. Teacher maysuggestthestudentsto referadditionalrelatedOfficialbooksrrechnicalpapers1Reference
books1SeminarProceedings,etc.
17. Teacher is expected to ask questions to the students to tap their achievements regarding related
knowledge and skills so that students can preparewhile submitting recordof the practicals. Focus
should begiven on developmentof enlisted skills ratherthan theoreticalI
codifiedknowledge.
18. Teacher should organize Group discussionsIBrain storming sessions ISeminars to facilitate the
exchange of knowledgeamongstthe students.
19. Teachershouldensurethat receivedCIAAN-2004normsarefollowedsimultaneouslyandprogressively,
whileassessingthe performanceof students.
20. Teacher shall also refer to the Circular No. MSBTEID-50 IPharma Lab Manual1200613160dated
4th May 2006for additionalguidelines.
-
MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION 4 ix

INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS
Students shall read the pointsgiven belowfor understandingthe theoreticalconcepts and practical
application.
Listencarefully to the lecturegiven by teacher about importanceof subject, curriculum philosophy,
graphical structure, skillsto be developed, informationabout equipments, instruments,procedure,
methodof continuousassessment,tentativeplanof work in laboratoryandtotalamountof work to be
done in a year. Students shall wear clean white apron and cap during practicals.
Students shall undergostudy visit of the laboratoryfor types of chemicals, equipments, instruments
beforeperformingexperiments.
Readthe write upof each experimentto beperformed,a day in advance.
Organize the work in the group whenever suggestedand make a record of suggestions made by
teacher wherever possible.
Understandthe purposeof experimentand its practicalimplications.
Studentsshould not hesitateto ask any difficulty faced during conduct of practicalexercise.
The student shall study all the questions given in the laboratory manual and practice to write the
answers to these questions.
Write the answers of the questions allotted by the teacher during practical hours if possible or
afterwards, but immediatelyinthe space provided belowthe questions.
Student shall visit the recommended industry or hospital or retail pharmacy and should study the
knowhowof the shop floor practicesand the operationsof machines.
Studentshall develop maintenancesskills as expected by the industries.
Student shall develop the habit of group discussion related to the experiments / exercises so that
exchangeof knowledge/ skills could take place.
Studentshall attemptto developrelatedhands-on-skillsand gain confidence.
Studentshallfocus on developmentof skills ratherthantheoreticalor codified knowledge.
Student shallvisit the nearbymedicalstores, industries,laboratories,technicalexhibitions, tradefair
even if not included in the Lab Manual. In short, students should haveexposureto the area of work
right in the student hood.
Studentshall insistfor the completionof recommendedlaboratorywork,visits, answersto the given
questions, etc.
Studentshall develop the habit of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills, etc. than included in the
scope of the manual.
Studentshall refertechnicalmagazines,proceedingsof the Seminars, referwebsites relatedto the
scope of the subject and updatetheir knowledgeand skills.
Student should develop the habit of not to depend totally on teachers but to develop self-learning
techniques.
Studentshoulddevelopthe habitto communicatewiththe teacher without hesitationwith respectto
theacademics involved.
Student shoulddevelophabitto submitthe practicals exercisecontinuouslyand progressivelyonthe
scheduled dates and should get the assessmentdone.
X + MAHAFWSHTFWSTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Pharmaceutics - 11 (0811)
List of Experiments and Record of Progressive Assessment
MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION + xi
Slgn. of
Teacher
and
Remarks
-
-
Assess-
ment
Max.
Marks 10
Date of
subml-
ssion
Date of
Perfor-
mance
Page
No.
Sr.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Name of the Experiments
lntroductionto Pharmaceutics- ll
(DispensingPharmacy)Laboratorywork.
To understandWeights and Measures
InvolvedinDispensing.
To understandPrescriptionand Latin
Terms Used in Prescription
Classificationof Dosage Formsand
Codingof ExperimentsBasedon
DosageForms
DosageCalculations
lntroductionto Liquiddosageforms:
Mixtures,Syrups, Elixirs,Linctuses,
Liquids Used in Mouth and Body
Cavities
To prepareand submitSimpleMixture
ContainingFerricAmmonium Citrate
To prepareand submit SimpleMixture
Containing Acetyl Salicylic Acid
To prepareand submitthe Simple
MixtureContainingAmmonium chloride.
To prepareand submit Mixture
ContainingDiffusibleSolids.
To prepareand submit Kaolin
Mixture B.P.
To prepareandsubmit Mixture
Containing Diffusiblesolids.
To prepareand submit Mixture
ContainingIndiffusibleSolids.
To prepare and submit Mixture
Containing Slightly SolubleLiquid.
Mixture
ContainingSmall Doseof Potent
Medicament.
To prepareandsubmitOfficial
Mixture B.P.
To prepareand submit Simple Syrup.
To prepareand submitCodeine
Linctus B.P.C.
To prepareand submit ChloralHydrate
Elixir.

Pharmaceutics - 1
1 (0811)
~
I
xii + MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD
Sign. of
Teacher
and
Remarks
Sr.
No.
19.
20.
21.
OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
22. To prepareand submit Mouthwash.
23. To prepareand submitEar Drops.
24. To prepareand submit Ear Drops.
25. To prepareand submit NasalDrops.
To prepareand submitThroat Paint.
To prepareand submit Mandl'sPaint.
Gargles.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Date of
subml-
ssion
Assess-
ment
Max.
Marks10
Page
No.
To prepareand submit NasalDrops.
To prepareand submit Inhalation.
To prepareand submit Potassium
PermanganateSolution(Douche).
To prepareand submit Eye Drops.
To prepare and submit Eye Lotion.
Reportof visit to Hospital1Retail
Pharmacy
Introductionto Emulsions
To prepare and submitEmulsion
Containing Castor Oil.
To identifythe type of given Emulsion
by DilutionMethod.
To prepareand submit Emulsionwith
TurpentineOil.
Date of
Perfor-
mance
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35. To identlfythe given Emulsion by
Dye Test.
36. To prepareand submit Emulsionwith
OliveOil
37.
38.
SolubleSubstance.
Small Portion of Oily Substance.
39.
40.
41.
42.
Substance Insoluble in Oil and Water.
LiquidParaffin.
To prepareand submit Organic
Soap Emuls~on.
To prepareand submit Emulsion
(LimeCreamType).

Pharrnaceutics- 11 (0811)
MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION + xiii
Sr.
No.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
Assazrs-
ment
Max.
Marks 10
-
-
-
Sign. of
Teacher
and
Remarks
To prepareand submitTurpentine
Liniment B.P.
To prepareand submit Liniment
Ammonia Soap Type.
-
-
To prepareand submitWhite
Liniment B.P.
To prepareand submit Benzyl Benzoate
Application B.P.
To prepareand submit Liniment.
To prepareand submit CamphoratedOil.
To prepareand submitTurpentineand
Acetic Acid Liniment.
To prepareand submit CalamineLotion.
To prepareand submit SulphurLotion.
Emulsionfor
RectalUse.
Introductionto Semi solid dosage
forms.
To prepareand DispenseEmulsifying
Wax I.P.
To prepareand submit Simple
Ointment I.P.
To prepareand submit Sulphur
Ointment B.P.
To prepareand submit Zinc Oxide
Ointment B.P.
To prepareand submit MethylSalicylate
Ointment B.P.
To prepareand submit Paraffin
Ointment I.P.
To prepareand submit Emulsifying
Ointment I.P.
To prepareand submit Staining Ointment.
To prepareand submit NOS-Staining
IodineOintment.
To prepareand submit Calamine
Ointment B.P.C.
To prepareand submit Cetrim~de
Cream B.P.
Date of
Perfor-
mance
Page
No.
Date of
subml-
sslon

Slgn. of
Teacher
and
Remarks
Sr.
No.
64. To prepareand submitZinc Cream.
65. To prepareand submit Unna'sPaste.
-
66. To prepareand submitZinc Oxideand
Salicylic Acid Paste B.P.
67. To prepareand submit Bassorin Paste.
Page
No.
68.
69.
70.
71.
1 I Cocoa Butter ContainingLiquid.
To prepareand submit Dithranol Paste.
To prepareand submit Jelly.
To prepareand submit KaolinPoultices
B.P.C.
Introductionto Suppositoriesand
Pesseries.
To prepareand submit Soap-Glycerin
Suppository B.P.C.
72.
73.
74.
To prepareand submit Glycerol
Suppository B.P.
To prepareand submit Suppository
ContainingSoluble Solids.
To prepareand submit Pessariesof
Awks-
ment
Max.
Marks10
Date of
Perfor-
mance
75.
76.
82. To prepareand submitCompound
I IMagnesiumTrisilicate Oral Powder B.P.
Date of
submi-
ssion
To prepareand submit Pessariesof
Cocoa ButterContainingInsoluble
Medicaments.
Introductionto Solid Dosageforms:
Powders and oral unit Dosage form.
To prepareand submit Powder.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
1 83. 1 To prepareand submitTablet Triturates. I
To prepareand submit Gregory's Powder.
To prepareand submit Effervescent
GranulesContaining IronandAmmonium
Citrate.
84. 1 To prepareand submitTooth Powder. I
1 85. 1 To prepareand submit lnsufflations. I
I
xiv + MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
86. To prepare and submit BoricAcid
Containing 1%of Iodine.

Pharmaceutics - 11 (0811)
*To betransferredto Proforma I1of CIAAN -2004.
Note: Guidelinesfor conduct of annual practicalexaminationare enclosedat the end
MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION + XV
Sign. of
Teacher
and
Remarks
Assess-
ment
Max.
Marks10
Date of
subml-
ssion
-
-
Total
Marks ......
Average
Marks out
of 10.......*
97.
98.
Sr.
No.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
Page
No.
To identifythe type of lncompatibility
and PerformAccordingly.
To identify the type of Incompatibility
Introductionto lncompatibility
To identify the type of lncompatlblllty
To identify the type of lncompatibility
andPerformAccordingly.
andPerformAccordingly.
Date of
Perfor-
mance
99.
100.
To identifythe type of lncompatib~lity
To identify the type of lncompatibility

I Pharmaceutics - II
, . . .
Pattern for Annual Practical Examination
Total Marks: (80)
Q.1 Synopsis
Followingpoints may be covered in synopsis.
A. Commentson the prescriptions,which are given to the candidatesfor dispensing,should
cover:
1. Translation from Latin to English.
2. Conversionof imperialsystem to metric system.
3. Type of preparation.
4. Modificationand procedure.
5. Use of individual ingredientsin the prescriptionand use of formulation.
6. Selectionof appropriate container and important labeling instructionsto be given.
6. Explanationof terms like expectorants, astringents, emollients, rubefacients,counterirritants,
etc. (04)
C. One calculation relatedto potentdrugs or displacementvalue or posology. (04)
Dispensing of preparations given in the synopsis. (50)
The followingtypes of prescriptionsmay be given.
Group:A. Emulsion; Mixturecontaining indiffusiblesolid, precipitate-formingliquidsor
slightly soluble liquid. (20)
Group: B. Chemically incompatiblepreparation, Divideddosage form, Suppository,
Ointment, Paste, Cream, Tablet Triturates, Effervescentgranules, Eye lotions, Liniments. (18)
Group: C. Simple lotions, Inhalations, Throat paints, Ear drops, Nasaldrops, Bulk powders. (12)
Evaluation of preparationsshall include following aspects:
1. Quality of preparation.
2. Volume.
3. Presentation; container, label.
Q.3 Viva Voce.
Questionsmay include following points:
1. Theory related to preparations.
2. Technology.
3. Special labeling requirements.
4. Posology.
5. Other subject related matters.
Work of evaluationof practicalexaminationwill bedistributedequallybetween internaland external
examiner.
MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION + 323

Pharmaceutlcs - II
Reference Books
1. Official Books: I.P., B.P., U.S.P., B.P.C., Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia.
2. RemingtonThe Science and Practice of Pharmacy: Volume 1 and Volume 2.
3. Cooper and Gunn's Dispensingfor Pharmaceutical Students:
I 1th and 12th Editions.
4. Pharmaceutics- II, By R. M. Mehta.
5. Merck Index.
324 * MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCAI-ION

Pharmaceutics - ll (0811) ExperimentNo.1
ExperimentNo. 1
1.0 Title:
Introductionto Pharmaceutics II (Dispensing Pharmacy) LaboratoryWork.
2.0 Prior Concepts:
Curriculum contents, Scope of work, Planning, assessment.
3.0 New Concepts:
Proposition 1:Laboratory Experlments:
These are expectedto develop lntellectual'skills, Motor skills and attitudes in students.
Laboratory Experiments
1- .
I To Develop
L
1
Intellectual Skills Motor Skills Attitudes
Proposition 2: Logical thinking:
It is developed in students through systems approach, content analysis & sequential planning of
laboratory work.
System Approach
IContent Analysis
Sequential Planning
Logical Thinking
Proposition 3: Orientation:
1 . Code of ethics. t
2. Current good manufacturing and good laboratoryconcepts, IS0 quality concepts.
Proposition 4: Layout of Laboratory:
1 . Weighing area with prescriptionbalances.
2. Chemical Storage area.
3. Working Platform with water and gas supply.
4. Sterile area.
MAHARASHTRASTATEBOARDOFTECHNICALEDUCATION 1

.Experiment No. 1 Pharmaceutlca.11. (0811)
4.0 Stepwise Procedure:
1. Readthe instructionsgiven in manualcarefully.
2. Listen to the lecture given by teacher about importance of subject, curriculum philosophy,
graphicalstructure, skillsto bedeveloped, informationaboutequipments,instruments,method
of assessment by teacher and tentative plan of work in laboratory.
3. Theteacher shalltakethe studentsroundthe laboratoryfor typesof equipments,instruments,
chemicals, different apparatus to be used while performing experiments.
5.0 Observation:
Generalformat of labelfor preparationsmadeagainst prescriptionsreceivedfrom physicianwill be:
Nhme of Preparation
The Mixture 30 ml
For : ABC (Name of patient)
Register No. : XYZ (No. in the register)
Dispensedby : PQR (Name of pharmacist)
Date
(Required storage condit,ion)
Store in cool dark place.
(Additionaldirection if required)
Shake well before use.
Directionfor use: One teaspoonfulto be
taken three times a day.
LMN PHARMACY, MUMBAI.
Name of Preparation
The Lotlon
For : ABC
Register No. : XYZ (No. in the register)
DispensedBy : PQR
(Required storage condltlon)
Store in cool dark place.
( Additional direction if required)
Shake well before use.
FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY.
Directionfor use: To be used as directed by
physician.
LMN PHARMACY, MUMBAI.
Note 1: Explanation about Register number is given on the page number. 1
0of Experiment
No. 3, proposition2
Note2: 'For Externaluse only' instructionshould be given in red.
-- 2 e MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

........
____
_ -.-.. --
- - .
Pharmaceutics - 11 (0811) Experiment No. 1
6.0 Questions:
Answer Q. ....from groupA, Q. .....fromgroup B,andQ. .....fromgroupC (Questionnumbersto be
allottedby the teacher.)
Group:A
2. Statetwo motorskills to be developedthrough this subject.
l
3. List the parametersof the graphical structure in the hierarchy.
4. Classify the curriculumindifferentgroupsof subject.
5. State the importanceof job description indesigningthe curriculum.
Group: B
1. Give the layoutof your laboratory of Pharmaceutics- II.
2
. Listtwo equipments inthe laboratory.
3. Listfive chemicals providedon chemicalrack.
4. List precautionsto betaken while workinginthe laboratory.
5. Identifyandnamethe followingpictureswiththeir purpose.
I
iii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MAHARASHTRASTATEBOARDOFTECHNICALEDUCATION

. .
Experiment No. 1 Pharmaceutlcs - II (0811j
. .
vii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Group: C
1. Why is it necessaryfor the pharmaciststo wear clean lab coat, cap, handgloves?
2
. Why spoon is usedto take out the chemicals from containers?
3. Giveone exampleeachof
1. Tincture:
2. Extract:
3. Colouringa6ent:
4. Preservative:
5. Flavouringagent: .
4. . As per pharmacopoeiadefinecold, cool and roomtemperature.
5. List the different materials usedfor makingcontainers and learn about the problems arising
with the use of those materials.
6. What is distilled water? Why is it necessaryto use distilled water in all preparations?
(Spacefor answers)
I
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Remarks:
Date : Signature of Teacher
1 - -
MAHARASHTRASTATEBOARDOFTECHNICALEDUCATION

Experiment No. 2 Pharmaceutics - II
Experiment No. 2
1.0 Title:
To understandWeights and MeasuresInvolved In Dispensing.
2.0 Prior Concepts:
Introductionto Dispensing Pharmacy.
3.0 New Concepts:
Types of systems Conversion of imperialto metric system.
Proposition 1: Weight:
It is a measure of the gravitational force acting on a body and directly proportionalto its mass.
Weight depends upon gravitational force and mass.
Conceptstructure:
Weights and measure
ImperialSystem Metric System
Avoirdupois systems Apothecaries system
4.0 Learning Objectives:
Intellectualskills:
To understand the different systems of measurement and their conversions.
5.0 Stepwise procedure:
1. Avoirdupois system:
In this system "Pound" is the standard unit for weighing and all the measures of mass are
derived from the Imperialstd. Pound (Lb)
2. Apothecaries system:
This system is also known as Troy system. The "grain" is the standardweight inthis system
and all other weights are derived from it.
Grain (gr)
7000
7000/16 = 437.5
Pound(Ib)
1
MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Ounce (02)
16
1
Drachm ( 3)
-
-
-
96
-
-
-
-
8
1
Pound (Ib)
1
Scruple ( 3) Grain (gr) ~
288
Ounce ( 3)
12
1 24
3
1
480
60
20

Pharmaceutics- II Experlrnent No. 2
Measurementof capacity in lmperlalsystem (British):
The 'gallon' is the standard unit and all other measures of capacity are derived from it.
The Metric system:
The metric system is used in the pharmacopoeia and was implementedfrom 1stApril 1964
in Pharmacy profession. 'Kilogram' is the standard unit for measurement of weight and all
other measuresare derived from it.
Gallon (c)
1
Prefixes for fractions and multiplesof SI units:
Pint (0)
8
1
1 kilogram (kg) -
-
1 hectogram (hg) -
-
1 decagram (dag) -
-
Measurementof capacity:
A 'litre' is the standard unit for measurement.
1000 grams
100 grams
10 grams
Conversions Table:
fl.ounce ( f l 3 )
160
20
-
-
-
-
1
The Pharmacopoeia of India uses only the metric system. Previously prescriptionswere
written in Imperialsystem by many Physicians. So a conversiontable (given below) is used
by the Pharmacists.
1 decigram (dg) -
- 0.1 gram
1 centigram (cg)
MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION 7
fl.drachm (3) Minim (m)
1280
160
1 milligram (mg) -
-
1 microgram (ug) -
-
1 gram ( g -
-
8
1
0.001 gram
0.000,001 gram
1000 mg
480
60

Experiment No.2 Phermacautics - II
Practical equivalents - Weight Ibleasures.
1 kilogram (kg) = 2.20 Ib avoir
1poundavoir = 454 g
1 ounce avoir = 28.4 g
1 ounce apothecary = 31.1g
1 pound apothecary = 373 g
1 gram = 15.4gr
1 grain = 64.8 mg
ii.
Practical equivalents - Liquid measure
1 millilitre = 16.2minims
1 fluid ounce = 29.6 ml
1 pint = 473 ml
1 gallon = 3790 ml
All above measures are as per Remington-The Science and Practice Of Pharmacy
Conversiontable for Domestic Measure:
6.0 Result:
Students understand the conversion of weights and measures.
Domestic Measure
1 drop
1 teaspoonful
1 desertspoonful
1 tablespoonful
2 tablespoonful
1wine glassful
1teacupful
1 tumblerful
7.0 Questions:
Answer Q. ....... Q. ....... Q. ....... Q. ....... ( Question numbers to be allotted by the teacher.)
1. Define weight.
2. Name two types of lmperial system.
3. Idrop= ............... ml.
4. What is the standard unit for Avoirdupois system?
5. What is the standard unit of Metric system?
.............
6. 1 gram = mg.
8 + MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Metric System
0.06 ml
4.0 ml
8.0 ml
15.0 ml
30 ml
60 ml
120 ml
240 ml
Imperial System
1 minim
1 fl.drachm
2 fl.drachm
4 fl.drachm
1 fl.ounce
2 fl.ounce
4 fl.ounce
8 fl.ounce

Pharrnaceutics- II Experlrnent No. 2
7. One gallon of water will make how many pints?
8. How many minims will make 100 ml?
9. Which domestic measure are usually recommendedfor dosage?
10. What is the minimum weighable quantity on dispensing balance?
(Space for answers)
Date Signature of Subject Teacher

Experiment No. 3 Pha~maceutlcs
- II
Experiment No. 3
1.0 Title:
To understand Prescriptionand Latin terms used in Prescription.
2.0 Prior Concept:
Weights and measures involved in dispensing.
3.0 New Concepts:
Symbol of prescription, Parts of prescription, Understanding of prescription by converting Latin
terms into English terms.
Proposition1: Prescription:
Written order from registered physician, a dentist or a veterinarian or a surgeon, or any other
person licensedby lawto prescribedrugs containing instructionsfor preparationanddispensing
to the pharmacist along with mode of administration for the patient.
Proposition2: Reading of prescription:
After receivingthe prescription,serialnumberis givento the prescription.That numberisentered in
a bound registercontainingcolumnssuchas serial number,physician's nameandaddress, patient's
nameand address, illness.The serialnumberwill bethe register number.This register numberwill
be entered on the label. It helps for future communications.
Concept Structure:
Prescription
Prescriber's Patientinformation Date Superscription Inscription Subscription I
Office information Such as name, age, R symbol or medication or dispensing
Sex, weight, prescribed direction to
surface area Pharmacist.
Signa or direction for Refill, special labeling and I
or Prescriber'ssignature
patient (to be written on label ) other instructions. and license
4.0 Learning Objectives:
Intellectualskills:
To understandthe meanirlg of each prescription,conversionof Latin terms into English terms and
conversionof imperialweights to metric weights.
10 e MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Pharmaceutics - I1 Experiment No. 3
5.0 Diagram:
Sample prescription format
+ SHARMA NURSHING HOME + Ph. - 552248
5, ModelTown, Delhi 552284
Date: 28112196
Name : Mr. Nand Lal Age : 45 yrs. Sex: Male
Address : 48, Azad Nagar, Delhi. Body surface area: 1.8 sq. m. Wt.: 60 kg
R(Superscription)
Sodium bi-carbonate
I
3 9
(Inscription) ---- Compoundtincture of cardamom 2 ml
Simple syrup 6 ml
Water quantity sufficient 90 ml
Fiat Mistura (subscription)
Signa. Cochleare magnum ter in die post cibos sumenda (Signature)
Sdl-
Refill: Dr.Aswani Sharma
M.B.B.B.S.,M.D.
Regd. No. - 1438
6.0 Stepwise Procedure:
Prescriptions are generally written in English language but Latin words or abbreviationsare some
times used. So it becomes necessaryfor Pharmacist to become familiar with the Common Latin
terms and abbreviations.
Parts of the prescription:
1. Prescriber'soffice information:
It gives information about the prescriber, hislher clinic with address and phone number.
2. Date:
Date helpsa pharmacistto find out thedateof prescribinganddateof presentationfor filling.
Prescriptionof Narcotic or other habit-forming drugs, must bear the date.
3. Name, age, sex and address must bewritten because it serves to identifythe prescription.
It also helps the pharmacist to check the prescribeddose of medication in case of children.
4. Superscription:
It is represented by a symbol R , which is written before writing the prescription. It is an
abbreviation of Latin word Recipe which means 'You take ' (TakeThou). In olden days, the
symbolwas considered to be originated from the sign of Jupiter, God of healing.
5. Inscription:
This is the main part of the prescription order, contains the Name and Quantities of the
prescribedingredients.The name of each ingredient iswritten on a separate linealong with
its quantity. Inscriptioncan be divided into different parts like Base, Adjuvant and Vehicle.
Forexample inaboveformat sodium bicarbonateis an antacid drug (maximumdose: 5 gm),
compoundtincture of cardamomfor flavour, simplesyrupas sweetener andwater as vehicle.

Experiment No. 3 . Pharmaceutlcs - II
6. Subscription:
It gives direction to the pharmacistfor preparing the prescriptionand number of doses to be
dispensed.
- 7. Signetur (Signa):
This consists of directionsto begiven to the patientregardingadministrationof the drug. For
example direction given above can be translated into English as: One tablespoonful to be
taken three times a day after meals.
8. Refill:
Number of authorized refills are indicated to prevent misuse of prescription.
9. Signature,address and registration number of the prescriber:
It is important in order to avoid misuse of the preparations.
Modern method of prescribing:
Though above informationdescribestraditionalway of prescribing,with flow of time many changes
have taken place. For example, now a days majority of drugs are available in the market as
readymadeformulationswhich are more suitableconsidering sterilization,containersuitability,very
small size (micro, nano)of drug moleculesetc. Thus there is no need to dispensethe drugs by the
pharmacists.So prescriptionsby physiciansgenerally contain the generic name,trade name, dose
size, dosage forms, etc. The languageuseof Englishterms insteadof Latin, metric systemweights
and measures instead of grains and minims, use of computers for storage of patients related
informationare salient features.
A student has to adopt above changes in his career of professional life, as these are the existing
ways. In view of above there are some prescriptions in this manual containing metric system,
English language etc. But to learn the basic things and to be perfect in all angles, old ways are
retained in few prescriptions.
Latin Terms and Abbreviations
Corr~monly
Used in Prescription Writing
Latin Name Abbreviation English Name
Auristille
Capsula
Cataplasma
Charta
Collutorium
Collyrium
Cremor
Emulsio
Haustus
lnjectio
lnsufflatio
Linctus
Linimentum
Liquor
Lotio
Mistura
Naristillae
Nebula
Pasta
auristill.
caps.
cataplasm.
chart.
collut.
collyr.
crem.
emul.
ht.
inj.
insuff.
linct.
lin.
liq.
lot.
m,mist
narist.
neb.
past.
Ear drops
A Capsule
A poultice
A powder
A mouthwash
An eye wash
An cream
An emulsion
A draught
An injection
An insufflation
A linctus
A liniment
A solution
A lotion
A mixture
Nasal drops
A spray solution
A paste
12 + MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCKIION

Pharrnaceutics- I1 Experlrnent No. 3
Latin Name
Pilula
Pulvis
Solutio
Suppositorium
Tabletta
Unguentum
Abbreviation
pil.
pulv.
sol.
suppos.
tab.
ung.
English Name
A pill
A powder
A solution
A suppository
A tablet
An ointment
METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION OR APPLICATION
Addendus
Applicandus
Applicat
Capiendus
Dandus
Deglutiendus
lnfricandus
inhaletur
Miscendus
Signa
Sumendus
Utendus
addend.
applicand.
------
capiend.
dand.
deglut.
infricand.
inhal.
miscend.
sig.
S or sum.
U or utend.
TIME OF ADMINISTRATION
A :Times per day
Semel in die
Bis in die, Bis die
Ter in die
Quater in die
Sexies in die
Sem in die
b.i.d., b.d.
t.i.d., t.d.
q.i.d., q.d.
Sex.i.d.
B :Differenttime of the day
Primo mane prim.m.
Mane m
Omni mane 0.m.
Omni nocte 0.n.
Inter noctem Inter noct
Nocte n
Jentaculum jentac
Nocte et mane n.et.m.
Nocte maneque n.m.
To be added
To be applied
Let (him) apply
To be taken
To be given
To be swallowed
To be rubbed in
Let (it) be inhaled
To be mixed
Label
To be taken
To be used
Once a day
Twice a day
Three times a day
Four times a day
Six times a day
Early in the morning
In the morning
Every morning
Every night
Duringthe night
At night
Breakfast
Night and morning
Nightand morning

ExperimentNo. 3 Pharmaceutlcs - II
Latin Name Abbreviatlon Engllsh Name
C: Hour time
Omini hora
Omini Quarta hora
Singulis horis
Alternis horis
Tertis horis
Quartis horis
Sextis horis
D :Correlated time
Ante cibos
Post cibos
Intercibos
E: Other terms
Dolore urgente
Frequenter
Lente
More dicto
Modo dicto
Si opus sit
Statim
Tussi urgente
0.h.
0.q.h.
Sing.hora
Alt.hor.
Tert.hor
Quart.hor.
sext.hor
dol.urg.
freq
-----
m.d.
m.d.
S.O.S.
stat.
tuss. Urg.
Every hour
Every fourth hour
Every hour
Every two hours
Every three hours
Every four hours
Every six hours
Before meals
After meals
Between meals
When the pain is severe
Frequently
Slowly
As directed
When requiredor When
necessary
Immediately
When the cough is
troublesome
VEHICLE USEDAND MEANS OF APPLICATION
Cocheareamplum
Cocheare magnum
Cocheare maximum
Cochleare medium
Cochleare minimum
Cum
Cum duplo
Cum parte aequale
Cum tanto
Cyathusamplus
Cyathus magnus
Cyathus vinosus
E.lacte
Ex.aqua
Coch amp
Coch mag
Coch max
coch. med.
coch. min.
C.C.
c. dup.
c. pt. aeq.
c. tant.
cyath. amp.
cyath. mag.
cyath. vin.
e. lact.
ex. aq.
One tablespoonful
One dessertspoonful
One teaspoonful
With
With twice as much
With an equal quantity
With as much
A tumbler
A tumbler
A wine glass
With milk
With water
14 + MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Pharrnaceutics - II Experlrnent No. 3
Latin Name
Auris dexter
Auris laevus
Brachio
Corpori
Jugulo
Naso
Oculis dexter
Oculis laevus
Os, oris
Pro oculus
Sterno
Ana
Ante
Aqua
Aqua distillate
Cibos
Fiat
Gutta, guttae
Hora
Laevo
Misce
Mitte
Mittetales
More dicto
Omni
Pro dosi
Quantum sufficiat
Recipe
Semi
Solve
Talis, tales
Latin word
Unus
Duo
Tres
Quatuor
Abbreviation Engilsh Name
PARTS OF BODY
a.d.
a.1.
brach,
Corp
jug.
------
0.d.
0.1.
O.S.
pro.ocul.
Stern
MISCELLANEOUS
aa
a
aq
aq.dest
cibos
ft.
gtt.
h
L
m
mitt.
mitt tal
m.dict.
omn
-----
q.s.
R
SS
-----
tal
NUMERALS
To right ear
To left ear
To the arm
10 the body
To the throat
To the nose
To right eye
To left eye
To mouth
For the eyes
To the chest
Of each
Before
Water
Distilledwater
Meals, food
Make, let (it) be made
A drop, drops
An hour
Left
Mix, let it be mixed
Send
Send such
In the manner prescribed
Every
As a dose
As much as is sufficient
Take
Half
Dissolve
Such
Romansymbol Meaning in English
One
Two
Three
Four

Experiment No. 3 Pharmaceutlce- II
. . -
Latin word Roman symbol Meanlng In English
Quinque
Sex
Septem
OctolOctem
Novem
Decem
Undecim
Duodecim
Quatuordecim
Quindecim
Viginti
Quinquaginta
Centum
v .
Vi
VII
Vlll
IX
X
XI
XII
XIV
xv
XX
L
C
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten
Eleven
Twelve
Fourteen
Fifteen
Twenty
Fifty
One hundred
7.0 Questions:
Answer Q. ....... Q. .......Q. .......Q. ....... ( Question numbers to be allotted by the teacher.)
1. Give English name for the following.
a. Charta:
b. Nebula:
c. Pulvis:
d. Lotio :
2. Give meaning of the following.
a. Cochleare minimum:
b. Hora somi
c. Tertis horis:
d. Decem:
3. Name different parts of inscription.
4. What is the significanceof register number?
5. Why refill date should be mention on the label?
6. Compare recent prescriptionwith the sample format and list the differences.
7. Give the information about 'medicineshoppe'.
(Space for answers)
-

Pharrnaceutics- II Experiment No. 3
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION + 17

ExperimentNo. 4 Pharmaceutlcs - II
Experiment No. 4
Classificationof Dosageforms and codingof experimentsbasedon dosageforms.
Classification:
I. Liquid Dosageforms
1. Monophasic 2. Biphasic
Simple mixtures Diffusible mixtures,
Syrups, Indiffusible mixtures,
Tinctures, Emulsions,
Elixirs, Suspensions.
Linctus (1A 2)
(IAl)
3. Monophasic 4.Biphasic
Ear drops, Inhalations,
Nasal drops, Liniments,
Gargles, Lotions
Mouth wash, (1€34)
Throat paints,
Inhalations,
Liniments,
Lotions,
Opthalmic preparation,
Enemas,
Douches( I B 3)
11. Semisolid Dosage forms for external use:
A. Ointments, €3.Creams, C. Pastes, D. Jellies, E. Poultice, F. Suppositories, G. Pessaries
Ill. Solid Dosage forms:
A. Internal B. External
1. Powders 2. Capsules, MouldedTablets, 3. Powders 4. Tablets
Effervescentgranules
rn Dusting powders,
Insufflations.
Douche powders,
Divided Bulk Dentifrices
Coding of experiments on the basis of classification of dosage forms.
Each experiment has been given along with serial member; a code number depending upon the above
classification, so that student can distinguishand identifythe dosage form.

Pharmaceutics - II Experiment No. 4
For example:
Simplemixturecontainingferricammoniumcitrate isfor internaluse,a liquidpreparationand it isMonophasic
so it has code No - IA 1
I For liquid dosage form.
A For internal use.
1 For Monophasic.
Exercisefor practice:
Mention code for the following preparations,
1. Suppositories
2. Monophasic liquid dosage form for external use
3. Tablets
4. Bulk Powder
5. Biphasic liquid dosage form for internal use
(Spacefor answers)
- -
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICALEDUCATION

Experiment No. 5 Pharrnaceutlcs - II
Experiment No. 5
DOSAGE CALCULATIONS
Doses for infants and children cannot be same as those for adults. They need to be calculated
separately.Thesedosesmay befound inthe USP'Drug information, the Pediatric DosageHandbook'
publishedbyAPhA, andtextbooks on pediatrics. Doses should not be calculatedwhen It Is posslble
to obtain actual infant or child's dose.
Certain rules are followed for approximate doses for infants and children.
1. Young's Rule (for children 2 years old and older)
Age (years)
X Adult dose = child's dose (approx)
Age (years) + 12
1 2. Clark's Rule
Weight (Ib)
150
3. Fried's Rule ( for infants up to 2 years old )
Age (months)
150
4. The Square Meter SurfaceArea Method relatesthe surface area of individualsto dose. It
is thought that this is a more realistic way of relatingdosages.
Body surface area of child
Body surface area of adult
The average body surface area for an adult has been given as 1.73 square meters ( m 2 );
hence,
I Body surface area of child( m )
1.73 m 2
Calculating Doses for individuals of any age or size.
Many drugs have doses stated as the amount of drug 1m2 body surface area and may be calculated as
follows :
Dose of drug
X Body surface area of child( m 2, = Dose
m body surface area
20 + MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCA-UON

Pharmaceutics - II Experiment No. 5
Many physiological factions are proportional to body surface area such as metabolic rate and kldney
function.
Drug dosage are often stated in mglkg body weight and may be calculated as
Dose of drug
X Body weight ( kg ) = Dose
kg body weight
This is the most common way of determining children's doses.
Drug doses also may be stated in units, as with vitamins.A and D, penicillin and hormones. This means
that a certain quantity of biological activity of that drug is called 1 unit. When the term unit is used in
connection with a drug, the calculations involved are the same as for more familiar weight or volume
notations.
Examples:
1. The adult dose of a drug is 250 mg, what is the dose for a 6 year old child?
Use Young's Rule:
6
Child's dose (approx) = X 250
6 + 12
2. If the average adult dose of a drug is 100 mg, what is the dose for a child who has a body
surface area equal to 0.65 m2 ?
0.65
Child's dose (approx) = X 100mg
1.73
Exercise for practice:
1. What is the dose for 6 month old infant if the average adult dose is 500 mg?
2. What is the dose for 9 Ib. child if the average adult dose of the medicament is 50mg ?
3. Write the formula for calculatingveterinary dose.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION 6 21

ExperimentNo. 5 Pharrnaceutlce - II
(Space for answers)
22 * MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Pharmaceutics - II
Introduction to Liquid Dosage forms: Mixtures, Syrups, Elixirs,
Linctuses, Liquids used in mouth and body cavities, Opthalmic
Preparations:
Mixtures:
A mixture is a liquid preparation meant for oral administration in which medicaments are dissolved or
suspended in a suitable vehicle.
Classification of Mixtures:
Mixtures
Simplemixtures Mixturescontaining Mixturescontaining Mixtures Mixturecontaining
ContainingSoluble diffusiblesolids Indiffusiblesolids containingpotent slightlysoluble
substances medicament liquid
1. Simple mixture containing soluble substances
Simple mixturecontains only soluble ingredients.
2. Mixture containing Diffusible solids:
Diffusiblesolids are insolubleinwater butgetevenly distributedon shakingthe container,throughout
the liquidfor sufficienttimesothatwhen the patienttakethe medicamentbythespoonfrom container,
the medicament is available in right quantity. Example of diffusible solids: Magnesiumcarbonate.
3. Mixture containing lndiffusible solids:
lndiffusible solids are those solids which are not soluble in water and do not remain uniformly
distributed in the vehicle for sufficiently long time. Therefore to suspended the drug, suspending
agents are added. Example of lndiffusiblesolid: acetyl salicylic acid.
Examples of suspending agents:
1. The compound tragacanth powder: In the proportion of 2 gmsl100 ml (10 grainslounce)of
the mixture.
2. Tragacanth mucilage: Inthe proportionof 1/4 th of the final volume of the mixture. Compound
tragacanth powder is used when the vehicle is other than water or chloroform water but
tragacanth mucilage is used when the vehicle is water or chloroform water.
4. Mixture containing slightly soluble liquid:
The insoluble portion of slightly soluble liquids is not readily diffusible. So a suspending agent is
needed Ex. Compound tragacanth powder or tragacanth mucilage is used.
5. Mixture containing potent medicament:
A very smalldose isprescribedfor a potentmedicament,which isnotdirectlyweighable. So minimum
weighable quantityis usedand then requireddilutions are carried out to give prescribedstrength of
the formulations.
MAHAFWSHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION + 23

Syrups:
Syrupsare concentratedsolutionsof sugar such'as sucrose in purified water. The concentrationof sugar
is 66.7% wlw. The syrups are sweet viscous preparations.The syrups containing medicinal substances
arecalled 'Medicatedsyrups'andthosecontainingaromaticflavouredsubstancesare knownas "Flavored
syrups".
Methodsof preparation:
1. By simple solution e.g. Syrup Ginger.
2. By a process of extraction e.g.Tolu syrup.
Elixirs:
Elixirs are clear, sweetened, aromatic, hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use. The main
ingredients of elixirs are ethyl alcohol ( 5 - 40 %), water, colouring agent and some suitable
preservative.
Linctuses:
Linctusesare viscous, liquidand oral preparationsthat are generally prescribedfor reliefof cough.
They contain medicamentswhich havedemulcent, sedativeor expectorantaction. Linctusesshould
be taken in small doses, sipped, swallowed slowly without diluting it.
Liquids to be used in the Mouth:
1. Gargles:
Gargles are aqueous solutions used to prevent or treat throat infections. Usually they are
dispensed in concentratedform with directions for dilution with warm water before use.
2. Mouthwash:
These are aqueous solutionswith a pleasanttaste and odour usedto cleanand deodourise
the buccal cavity.
3. Throat Paints:
Throat paints are viscous liquidpreparations used for mouth and throat infections. Glycerin
iscommonly usedas a base,beingviscous, it adheres to the mucousmembranefor a long
time.
Liquids to be instilled into Body cavities:
1. Douches:
Douches is a medicatedsolution meantfor a body cavity. The word douches is often used
for vaginal solution, but also used to irrigate the eyes, ear or nasal cavities for cleaning or
removing foreign particles.
2. Ear Drops:
Ear drops are instilled into the ear with dropper and generally prepared in water, glycerin,
propyleneglycol. They are used for cleaning the ear or softening the wax.
3. Nasal Drops:
Nasal drops are solutions of drugs that are instilled into the nose with a dropper. They are
usuallyaqueous becauseoil drops inhibit movementof cilia inthe nasal mucosaand if used
for long periods may reach the lungs and cause damage.

Pharmaceutics - II
4. Nasal Sprays:
Nasal sprays are usedto reduce nasalcongestionand to treat infections.It is sprayed in the
form of coarse droplets by using atomizer or nebuliser.
5. Opthalrnic Preparations:
These are sterile preparations meant for instillation into the eye in the space between the
eye lid and eyeballs. These products must be sterile and are prepared under the same
conditions and by the same methods.
RecommendedContainers:
As per IndianPharmacopoeiathe containeristhe devicethat holdsthe article.The immediatecontainer is
that which is in direct contact with the article at all times. The closure is a part of the container. Commonly
used containers are listed below:
Mixtures: Plainglass bottles with uniform internal diameter.
Syrups: The glass bottles fitted with white polypropylene moulded or black thermostatic plastic screw
closure.
Elixirs: Well closed air tight glass bottles having screw caps.
Linctuses: Well closed air tight glass bottles having screw caps.
Gargles: Clear colour fluted glass bottles closed with plastic screw caps.
Mouthwashes: White fluted bottleswith screw caps.
Throat paint:Air tight, wide mouth, coloured fluted bottle, with glass stoppers.
Douches: Narrow mouthed, coloured, fluted bottle.
Ear drops: Coloured, fluted, glass bottlefitted with a dropper in a cap.
Nasal drops: Coloured, fluted bottlefitted with a dropper or in a plastic container
Nasal sprays: Small, coloured, fluted glass bottles, plastic squeeze bottles, atomizers or pressurized
aerosols.
Eye drops: Sterile bottle or vial fitted with a dropper in a cap.
Special Labeling instructions:
Mixtureswith diffusible and indiffusiblesolids: "Shake well before use"
Linctuses: "To be sipped and swallowed slowly without the addition of water"
Gargles: "For external use only", "Not to be swallowed in large amounts".
Mouthwash: "For external use only", "Not to be swallowed in large amounts"
Throat Paint: " Not to be swallowed in large amounts".
MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION * 25

Pharmaceutics - II
. . .
Douches: "For external use only".
Ear drop: "For external use only".
Nasal drop: "For Nasal use only".
Nasal Spray: "For Nasal use only".
"To be used in a suitableatomizer as directed "
Eye drops: "For external use only"
Discontinuethe use if irritation persists.

A laboratory manual_for_pharmaceutics_ii

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