Types of male sterity, definition, GENETIC MALE STERILITY, CYTOPLASMIC GENETIC MS CMS, TRANSGENIC MALE STERILITY, EGMS. ADVANTAGES AND DISAVANTAGES

1. SUDHA'S KSM 95

2. Dr . Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi
Vidhyapeeth
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-18
COURSE INSTUCTOR:
Dr .B.L. Thaware
SUDHA'S KSM 95

3. Male sterility
•Types of male sterility,
•Commercial exploitation,
•Methods of transfer of male sterility,
•Methods of transfer of restorer genes,
•Utilization of male sterility in crop improvement,
achievements, limitations.
BY:
KALLURU SUDHA MANI
ADPM/17/2555SUDHA'S KSM 95

4. Male Sterility:
refers to the condition in which non functional pollen
grains are produced, where female gametes function
normally.
Main Features:
•Prevents autogamy and permits allogamy.
•Leads to heterozygosity.
•Results from the action of nuclear genes or
cytoplasmic genes or both.
•Caused due to pollen or anther abortion.
•In nature, occurs during spontaneous mutations.
•Can be induced artificially.SUDHA'S KSM 95

5. Types of male sterility:
• GENETIC MALE STERILITY
• CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY
• CYTOPLASMIC GENETIC MALE STERILITY
• TRASGENIC MALE STERILITY
• CHEMICALLY INDUCED MALE STERILITY
SUDHA'S KSM 95

6. Genetic Male Sterility (GMS)
SUDHA'S KSM 95

7. PARENTS – msms x Msms
UTILIZATION IN PLANT BREEDING:
•Used in seed propagated and vegetative propagated crops.
•Progeny from crosses (msms X Msms) are used as female and
inter planted with homozygous male fertile (MsMs) pollinator.
•Therefore contain both male sterile and male fertile and male
fertile plants, the later must be identified and removed before
pollen shedding.
•Identified by pleiotrophic effect of ms gene or due to
phenotypic effect of closely lined genes.
•Roughing is costlier and hence hybrid seed is higher.
Msms (50%) msms(50%)
SUDHA'S KSM 95

8. Types of GMS:
Used in China to develop hybrid rice.SUDHA'S KSM 95

9. SUDHA'S KSM 95

10. FS
S
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF CMS CROSS
A line (MS) R line(MF)
Male Sterile
SUDHA'S KSM 95

11. • ADVANTAGES:
o Highly stable – not influenced by environmental
conditions.
o Cross always produce sterile F1.
o Less area.
• DISADVANTAGES:
o Not used in crops where seed is the economic
part.
o Impossible to restore fertility.
o Inferior agronomic performance.
SUDHA'S KSM 95

12. SUDHA'S KSM 95

13. rrS F
RR
Rr
1.Maintenance and multiplication of male sterile line (AxB)
2. Production of F1 hybrid seed: ( AxR)
SUDHA'S KSM 95

14. • ADVANTAGES:
o Used both in seed and vegetatively propagated
plants.
o Highly stable and reliable.
• DISADVANTAGES:
o Require more area and labour.
o Sometimes inferior agronomic performance.
SUDHA'S KSM 95

15. Crop Source of cytoplasm Drawbacks
•Maize - Texas Cytoplasm - Susceptible to
Helminthosporium leaf blight
•Sorghum - Combined kafir - Black glumes and chalky
endosperm
•Pearlmillet - Tift 23 A (Tifton) - Susceptible to Green ear
& downy mildew
•Rice - Wild abortive - Incomplete panicle exertion
•Sunflower - H petiolaris H gigantis
•Tobacco - Microcephalan - Reduced vigour in F1 hybrids
•Wheat - Aegilops caudata - Susceptible to pistiloidy
SUDHA'S KSM 95

16. Transgenic Male Sterile
• A gene introduced into genome of an organism
by recombinant DNA technology.
• Many transgenes produce genetic male sterility,
which is dominant in fertility.
• Transgene is used from micro organisms and is
heritable.
• Ex: tobacco, rapeseed, maize, cauliflower,
tomato, wheat and chicory.
• Expensive method, maintenance is a problem.
SUDHA'S KSM 95

17. Step 1:
Barnase-Bar/ male sterile X
Step 2: Barnase-Bar/ X Barstar/ Barstar
male sterile male fertility restorer
Res. To herbicide
phosphinothricin
50% sterile
Barnase- Bar/ male
sterile Herbicide
Res.
50% fertile / male
fertile herbicide
sensitive
Normal fertile
Phosphinothricin
sensitive
SUDHA'S KSM 95

18. Chemically Induced Male Sterility
SUDHA'S KSM 95

19. REQUIREMENTS FOR SEED PRODUCTION :
•Should have effective chemical emasculation.
•Cross pollination should be promoted to increase
the yield of hybrid seeds.
Proper environment conditions.
Synchronisation of flowering of male and female
parents.
Effective chemical emasculation and cross
pollination.
1.Application of CHA at the precise stage in
recommended dose.
2.GA3 spray to promote stigma exertion.
SUDHA'S KSM 95

20. 1. Supplimentary pollination to max. seed set.
2. Shouldn’t spray pollinator rows with the CHA.
ADVANTAGES:
• Any line can be used as female parent/male
parent.
• Only two lines are used.
• Maintenance of parental lines can be achieved
through self pollination.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Very stage specific.
• Incomplete male sterility – problem in seed
certification.
• Toxic to plants and animals. (carry over residues)
• Generally genotype, dose and stage specific.
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21. SUDHA'S KSM 95