Ontology

Introduction to Ontology Sudarsun S Director – Research Checktronix India Chennai 600010

What is Ontology ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ontology in Computers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example Ontology ( Protégé )

What ?? Catalog/ID General Logical constraints Terms/glossary Thesauri “ narrower term” relation Formal is-a Frames (properties) Informal is-a Formal instance Value Restrictions Disjointness, Inverse, part-of

Why Ontology ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Few Applications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Importance towards E-Commerce ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Importance towards E-Commerce ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Observations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Implications & Need ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chimaera ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Building Ontology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Thumb-Rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Step 1: Domain & Scope ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Step 2: Re-Use Existing Ontology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Step 3: Enumerate Terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Step 4: Define Classes & Hierarchy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Step 5: Properties of Classes - Slots ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Step 6: Define Slots ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Step 7: Create Instances ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Consistency Checks ?? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Consistency Checks ?? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Limiting the Scope ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ontology Merging/Alignment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mapping, Merging, Alignment car vehicle car vehicle vehicle car

Approaches ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SMART Algorithm Setup: load files, set preferences, ... Execute operation: perform automatic updates, detect conflicts, create suggestions Select operation: choose from suggestion list, create a new operation, …. Initial suggestions: identical names, synonyms, superclasses for top-level classes in alignment

Example: Merge Classes Class City name : String population : Integer area : Float Class Town name: String populace: Integer area: Area Class Location Class Geographic-Location subclass subclass ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Merge Classes (contd..) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class City name: String population: Integer area: Float Class Town name: String populace: Integer area: Area Class Location Class Geographic-Location subclass subclass

Suggestions (contd..) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class Customer Class Travel agent Class Individual Class Driver Class Driver

Source – Airline Reservation

Features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ontology Languages - RDF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

RDF Syntax -- Triples _:xxx _:yyy « plain littéral » « lexical »^^data type Subject Property Object ex: Subject ex: Property ex: Object

RDF Syntax -- Graph _:xxx « Palani Ramasamy » ex:name ex:Person rdf:type « University of Madras » ex:Organisation ex:name rdf:type _:yyy ex:member-of

RDFS ,[object Object],[object Object],ex:Person rdf:type ex:John ex:Animal rdfs:subClassOf ex:Person ex:Animal rdf:type

Problems with RDFS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Axiomatisation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

RDF to OWL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Description Logics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DL Basics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DL System Architecture Knowledge Base Tbox (schema) Abox (data) Inference System Interface Man ´ Human u Male Happy-Father ´ Man u 9 has-child Female u … Jagan : Happy-Father < Jagan, Mythili> : has-child Jagan: 6 1 has-child

DL Family ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DL Family ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DL Knowledge Base ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DL Reasoning Person 8 hasChild.(Doctor t 9 hasChild.Doctor)

OWL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

OWL constructors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

RDFS Syntax ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

OWL Abstract Syntax ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

OWL Axioms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Thanks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ontology

Ontology

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Ontology