The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) uses antibodies and a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to detect the presence of a specific antigen in a liquid or wet sample. Antigens from the sample are immobilised on a solid support either non-specifically or specifically. A specific antibody is then applied over the surface so it can bind to the antigen. This antibody is linked to an enzyme or can itself be detected by an enzyme-linked secondary antibody. In the final step, a substance containing the enzyme's substrate is added. The subsequent reaction produces a visible signal, most commonly a colour change in the substrate, which indicates the quantity of antigen in the sample. When the presence of an antigen is analysed, the name "direct ELISA" refers to an ELISA in which only a labelled primary antibody is used, whereas the term "indirect ELISA" refers to an ELISA in which the antigen is bound by the primary antibody which then is detected by a labelled secondary antibody.