A Native Conformation Of Protein And Aggregation Of Proteins

A Native Conformation Of Protein And Aggregation Of Proteins
A native conformation of protein is only marginally stable than unfolded states, and most of proteins
are prone to aggregate in liquid state to form non–native supra structures. The loss of unique
globular structures and aggregation of proteins are problematic in biopharmaceutical formulations
due to the reduction of therapeutic potency and the possibility of inducing undesired immune
responses[1]. For several decades, it has been pursued to develop formulation methods of preserving
the protein stability. One of effective way to improve protein stability is mixing cosolvents in
protein–water system[2, 3]. The present of excipient molecules such as salts, carbohydrates, amino
acids, and surfactants change the equilibrium of protein denaturation and aggregation[4–10]. A great
interest has been raised in understanding of the effects of excipients on proteins in an effort to find
ideal formulation recipes[11].
One of fundamental concept in addressing the impact of excipients on proteins is their preferential
interactions in the system[12–16]. The interactions of additives can be attractive or repellent to
proteins, resulting the concentration of cosolvents in the local domain near proteins differs from that
in the bulk solution. Such a discrete population of cosolvents influences the thermodynamic
properties of the protein inducing a significant change in conformational or colloidal stability. A key
parameter to quantify the preferential behavior of excipients is the
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A Research Study On Bpa
1). INTRODUCTION/ SPECIFIC AIMS, BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE.
Alexander Dianin was a Russian chemist who first compounded Bisphenol A, during the year 1891.
Bisphenol A is commonly referred to as BPA. Dianin was carrying out studies on phenol compounds
and synthesized BPA by condensing acetone with two equivalent parts of phenol. The "A" in BPA
denotes acetone in its composition. (1)
At first, the development of BPA was solely an academic exercise. Dianin was the chair of the
Chemistry Department / Imperial Medial Academy in St. Petersburg, Russia. (2) Modern organic
chemistry was in its beginning phases and the potential benefits from combining organic compounds
were being envisioned. Reports of BPA synthesis was first published in Eastern European chemistry
journals and eventually appeared in Western journals. For decades, BPA was referred to only as:
"Dianin's Compound." (3) By today's organic chemistry standards, BPA is a relatively simple
molecule and is easy to produce industrially. However, in 1891, BPA's synthesis was a remarkable
discovery. BPA's laboratory synthesis demonstrated that the simplest member of the ketone group,
acetone, could be combined with two molecules of phenol. The result was a previously nonexistent
artificial compound. (4) Contrary to inorganic chemistry, this was not single elements reacting to
form a relatively small compound; organic chemistry had the potential of combining many more
compounds with seemingly unlimited potential of

Materials Effect Our Life That Have Assisted Humans
Materials effect our life
Outline
Ⅰ.Introduction Thesis statement : This paper purports to interpret the kinds of substances and
material in our life that have assisted humans to improve the quality of living. The purpose of the
paper is also to reflect on the ways our life was influenced by them. Such as inorganic compounds,
organic compounds, and metal.
II. Inorganic compounds A. Carbon–coal in fuel [1] B. Crystalline– stone or soil in area of tool or
silicon [2] C. Glass in construction of architecture [3]
III. Organic compounds A. Wood in fuel, tool, basic material of vehice, furnature [6] B. Food in
agriculture has changed [7] C. Leather, ruber and silk made clothes [8]
IV. Metal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the history, the first conception of materials appeared in 1865. It was a book named "Prehistoric
Times" (by John Lubbock). And also, he mentioned three–age system in material history. They are
The Stone Age, The Bronze Age and The Iron Age respectively. The reason why archaeologists
called these durations those name is the people who live in that period used different kinds of
materials to make different generation of tools. According to John's book, The Stone Age is divided
into Beginning Of The Stone Age and End Of The Stone Age.[14] (Source – ?) The oldest evidence
of stone tool found use in fossilised animals bones, in the Lower Awash Valley until now there are
3.4 million years ago.[11] Same as The Stone Age, the first tool found and made by materials of
bronze is the symbol of starting The Bronze Age. But the interesting phenomenon is that in the
world, there are various areas' people established industry of smelting bronze almost during a
millennia, in particular, China is the earliest country found using bronze container named "ding" in
the Majiayao culture site (between 3100 and 2700 BC. [12] What's more, meteoric iron appeared in
people's view since at least 3200 BC, but people extended the technique of smelting bronze, using
carbon or tin to make alloy, and they used this skill in iron properly between around 1200 BC and
600 BC, depending on the region.That is origin of The Iron Age.[13] Furthermore, not only iron,
copper and stone, we can find

The Gas And Natural Gas
With reserves in 31 states, the US has a supply of natural gas large enough to provide the country
with energy for decades ("Gas Drilling: The Story So Far"). Access to these vast deposits is helping
to significantly decrease the United States' reliance on foreign energy, as we have recently become
the largest natural gas producer worldwide ("Hydraulic Fracturing Natural Gas and Oil
Development"). In addition to abundance, natural gas has several other benefits as well. Natural gas
emits only half as much carbon dioxide when burned than coal does, and currently the cost per unit
is only one third that of oil, giving it some clear advantages over other widely used fossil fuels
(Harvey, Hal). As stated by chairman of BP Capital T. Boone ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Many of the additives on this list are known toxins, carcinogens, and volatile organic compounds
that are recognized for their ability to cause harm in the human body (Lustgarten, Abraham).
Colborn and her co–authors went a step further to evaluate every chemical on the list in terms of
health effects, and the results were alarming. Although the effects were detrimental across the board,
Colborn found 71 chemicals that were associated with causing harm in 10 or more areas, including
the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and reproductive systems. What is even more
concerning is that companies find a way to justify their use of harmful substances by claiming that
they make up only a small fraction of the injected fluid; less than one percent. However, experts like
Colborn believe that even a seemingly small percentage translates to tens of thousands of gallons of
these chemicals being pumped underground, and their research shows that even very low doses of
the compounds can cause significant damage (Lustgarten, Abraham). One of the most prominent
concerns regarding the toxicity of chemical additives lies in the threat of groundwater
contamination. Although a 2004 EPA study concluded that fracking poses no threat to drinking
water, the rising

The Combustion Of Household Fuels
The Combustion of Household Fuels
Introduction
Fire, from humans' first interactions with it, has been terrifying, delighting, and mysterious all at
once. Yet it is impossible to imagine a day passing without any interactions with the phenomenon.
From burning wood in the fireplace, to preparing tea on a stove operating with natural gas, to using
charcoal for a backyard barbecue, different objects are chosen as the source of combustion
depending on the task that they need to accomplish. Furthermore, with parents, teachers, and
firefighters incessantly warning students not to place certain substances close to nearby ignition
sources, one cannot help but wonder how the chemical characteristics of these substances play a role
in determining ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further experiments would then need to be performed to gain a complete understanding of the
benefits and consequences of combusting certain fuels.
Background Information
The combustion of the hydrocarbons and organic molecules found in fuels is a chemical reaction
that primarily involves the oxidation of carbon and hydrogen in various compounds to release heat
and produce water and carbon dioxide. When the environment lacks sufficient oxygen, rendering
oxygen as the limiting reagent in the reaction, incomplete combustion would occur. This involves
the production of other chemicals such as carbon monoxide and solid carbon in addition to water
and carbon dioxide. The general chemical equations for the incomplete and complete combustion of
hydrocarbons are as follows:
Complete: CxHy + O2(g) → H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Incomplete: CxHy + O2(g) → H2O(l) + CO2(g) + CO(g) + C(s)
Of course, the composition of each fuel varies, yet the main organic molecule they contain can be
used to formulate the basic chemical reaction that is undergone when each substance is combusted.
In the case with fondue fuel, methanol is the main substance that is responsible for combustion and
can be represented with the following equation (NIST 2015):
2 CH3OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(l),where is –725.7 kJ/mol
Fondue fuel is

Volatile Aromatic Organic Compounds
1. Introduction The release of volatile aromatic organic compounds into the environment is a serious
problem as they distribute between the different phases in natural systems. Sediments can be
considered as a sink for volatile aromatic organic compounds because of their hydrophobic nature
and the resulting affinity to the sediment 's organic matter. Organic matter consists of soft carbon,
where portioning is the main sorption process and hard carbon, where pore filling mechanisms
dominate (Zhao et al., 2002; Chai et al., 2006). Consequently, sorption/desorption processes are the
most important factors that determine the fate of volatile aromatic organic compounds in the
environment. The extensive production and release of aromatic organic compounds has led to a
widespread contamination of soils and sediments with these pollutants throughout the world,
threatening drinking water resources, especially petroleum hydrocarbons as constituents of gasoline
such as Benzene, 1,2 dichlorobenzene, Toluene and m–xylene. It was proposed that sorption of the
sorbate molecules may cause deformation of flexible sorbent solids, such as natural organic matter
and organo–clays resulting in an entrapment of sorbed molecules during desorption (Weber et al.,
2002; Lu and Pignatello, 2004). Several researchers have tried to associate the maximum sorption
capacities of organic compounds with the sorbed amounts in the slow and very slow desorbing
domains (Van Heuvel et al., 2005; Van Heuvel and

Volatile Organic Compound Detection Using Graphene
Title: 'Volatile Organic Compound detection using Graphene: Determining the Fruit Ripeness '– by
Dr. Sunipa Roy, Prof. C.K. Sarkar.
Table of Content:
1. Introduction
2. Classification of fruits
3. Technical standards involved– State of the art
4. Introduction to Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
4.1 VOCs related to fruit ripening
4.2 Chemical reactions involved
5. What is Nano Sensor?
6. Different types of Carbon Nano materials
7. Graphene –
7.1 Easy Synthesis approach
7.2 Properties related to sensing
8. Determination of fruit ripeness
8.1 Effect of relative humidity
9. Measurement techniques
10. Summary
Chapter
Title: Volatile Organic Compound detection using Graphene: Determining the Fruit Ripeness
1 Introduction
Fruits are commercially vital and nutritionally crucial food constituent. Forming an element of a
balanced diet, fruits supply essential growth governing factors required for good health and play a
critical role in human nutrition. Distributed widely in nature, their economic values are influenced
by– comparatively short ripening period and short post–harvest life. The assessment and
maintenance of the quality of fruits and vegetables are very difficult task. The timely detection of
fruit ripeness is very important as it is related to the profitability and also competitiveness of the
producers as well as processors. During harvesting and handling it is common that fruits are subject
to damage because it is not possible always to

Vvc Free Paint Project
The problem itself is not one that can be fixed in a few nights, what has been done to the spheres is
almost irreversible with a few exceptions. The severity of this problem isn't one that can completely
alter the way we live but at the same time every action has an equal opposite reaction. Due to the
frequency of the emissions the spheres can be greatly impacted. Many people have been affected by
these emissions and most of the illnesses given to these people are very damaging or terminal. On
average every 3–7 years a building is repainted and depending on the size of the building many
VOCs are released. As well as the frequent times the inside of the buildings are repainted and just
creating artwork. Also VOC emissions are two to five times higher indoors than outdoors which just
increase the amount released in the end. All of this contributes to the severity of this problem on the
soul fact that paint emission happen so frequently.
In order to slow down the frequent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I found that the VOC free paint though more expensive still worked as regular paint would. Another
downfall to buying the VOC free paint was there wasn't as many color options because VOC free
paint is not as popular as regular paint so this made my project more challenging in finding the right
colors and being able to mix them. Whereas if it was just regular acrylic paint I would be able to buy
just the regular colors without having to mix as much as the VOC free paint. So all–in–all the VOC
free paint did its job not polluting the environment but it was more expensive than regular acrylic
paint. And acrylic paint by itself is already expensive, so I would not recommend buying VOC
acrylic paint to just use and instead use an air purifier that way you're not spending as much money
in the long run and still get the better

Suncor Case Study
AIR QUALITY
1.0 Terms of Reference
The terms of reference were given by the AENV 2007 which was issued by the Alberta
Environment. Under these regulations, the requirements were declared with respect to air quality
measures. 2.0 Air quality Environment
2.1 Screening
The study performed by Suncor primarily focused on long term effects, as short term effects were
innocuous to fauna and flora population. Suncor must focus on three respective phases during their
screening assessment to ensure adequate revision and risk mitigation. The pre–construction air
quality phase as well as the operational phase air quality, and post project air quality. To simplify the
measures Suncor should divide these into three components for the Voyageur South Project. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pre–construction terrestrial resources as well as the operational terrestrial resources, and post
project terrestrial resources. To simplify the measures Suncor should divide these into three sections
for the Voyager South Project. Terrestrial resources consider four components soil and terrain,
terrestrial vegetation wetlands and forest resources, wildlife and wildlife habitat, and biodiversity.
Suncor Energy Inc provides information on terrestrial resources required by AENV 2007. 3.2
Scoping + Public Involvement
3.2.1 Temporal Scope
The temporal scope was not clearly outlined and assumptions were made that all development was
100 percent, and then reclaimed to closure for 100 percent. Only analysis on maximum disturbance
was made, even though development will be closed and reclaimed sequentially, therefore
disturbance at any given time will be less than assessed making the temporal scope highly
inaccurate. 3.2.2 Spatial Scope
The spatial boundary scope was well organized into categories. The SRSA was used for modelling
old growth forest. The LSA was established to focus on local effects and the RSA was focused on
the Eco district boundary, geographic and tophagraphic boundaries such as the eastern shoulder of
the Birch Mountains, woodland and caribou areas, average diameter of two moose ranges from the
oil sands, the Fort McMurray area and development of new

Emission-Excitation Matrices
INTRODUCTION
Emission–Excitation Matrices (EEMs) are three–dimensional fluorescence data that provide
information about the composition of fluorescent chemical mixtures. They constitute optical
landscapes that extend over the dimensions of excitation and emission wavelengths {λex–λem}, and
where fluorophores appear in the form of peaks. In the field of marine and freshwater
biogeochemistry, EEMs have been used for the study of dissolved organic matter (DOM), being a
comprehensive analytical technique with which to characterise a highly complex mixture of organic
compounds (Hudson2006, Fellman2010, Nebbioso2013). Indeed, EEMs have served to advance
scientific knowledge about the ecology and biogeochemistry of DOM in aquatic systems [1,2]. Most
importantly, they have contributed to evidence that some fractions of DOM are highly reactive
organic molecules that are involved in numerous ecosystem processes, such as bacterial uptake [3–
5], metal binding [6,7][1,2][1,2], photoreactivity [8–10] and light attenuation [11]. Overall these
findings suggest the major involvement of DOM in the global carbon cycle [12,13].
Despite the great potential for EEMs to increase knowledge about DOM behaviour in the
environment, their interpretation and statistical treatment remain a challenge [14]. The spectral
shapes of EEMs are complex mixtures of multiple and overlapping independent fluorescence
phenomena, caused by the wide range of organic molecules contained in DOM. As only about 25%
of

Organic Chemistry Assignment : Organic Chemical Compounds
Organic Chemistry Assignment
By: Shirelle Cogan
1a) Organic compounds: C3H4, C8H10, CH3CH2CH2CH3, Benzene Inorganic compounds:
H2CO2 (aq), CO2
Why? We know that organic compounds always contain carbon bonds with hydrogen, but not all
molecules containing carbon are organic. They can be carbon hydrogen bonds, carbides and
carbonates.
b) C6H10= alkene, Name: 1,2–hexdiene
C3H4= alkene, Name= 1,3–propdiene
CH3CH2CH2CH3= alkane, Name= Butane
Benzene= aromatic substance, Formula= C6H6
C) I would expect 1,2–hexdiene and 1,2–propdiene to be the most reactive elements due to the fact
that they include double bonds. These are more reactive than single bonds because single bonds only
have one electron being "shared" rather than two. The more electrons being fought over, the more
"aggressive" the bond is meaning is unstable and very reactive. Butane would not be very reactive
due to the fact that it is made op of only single bonds meaning that there is not as much fighting/
aggression between two atoms therefore causing it to be more stable. Additionally, in benzene (a
cycloalkene), because the double bonds are continuous throughout the ring, they are evenly
distributed throughout the molecule creating a stronger bond and lower reactivity.
2a)
b) First name: oct (8 carbons in main chain) Last name: yne (involves a triple bond) 1: triple bond is
at carbon atom number one 3,4: branches are at carbon atoms numbered 3 and 4 with only

Z6 House Case Study
All rooms in Z6 house receive plenty of light since the building envelope is 73% (area) glazing. A
big window can let in plenty of outdoor air and sunshine to stop the growth of bacteria. In Z6 house,
skylights will bring light into the two bathrooms in the upstairs. The southwest, southeast, and
northeast exterior have operable windows and doors, while the northwest facade has a translucent
insulated panel for daylight transmission in a direction without desirable views. Scientists
discovered daylight through glass could stop the growth of bacteria. There is a research highlighted
that how day lighting can significantly increase human health and performance.
We spend almost 90 per cent of times in our homes, which mean we inhale huge amount of indoor
air, so it is very easy to see how indoor air quality impact our health. According to the research
carried out by Steven E. Ternoey which titled "Day light Every Building", there are many benefits
that human can gain from day light especially in the indoor. From the research, we know that there
were noticeably less disciplinary problems and absenteeism in day lit classrooms. Students show
positive attitude and easier to focus in the class. In day lit areas, retail sales increases of 8 to 12%
were recorded. Human health appears to be measurably benefited by relatively small indoor doses of
diffuse daylight. Our body need vitamin D and absorbing of sunlight helps in the making of vitamin
D in our body. If we do not get enough day

Groundwater Lab Analysis
Groundwater samples will be analyzed using the methods presented at the top of Table 1. EPA
approved instrumentation methods will be used in the standard analysis of VOCs (Method 8260),
total metals (Method 7470 for Mercury and Method 6010 for all other PP metals), and SVOCs
(Method 8270) which are published by EPA and routinely performed by most commercial
laboratories. These methods with associated instruments, and method detection limits (MDL), and
sample hold times are briefly summarized as follows: 8260: Analysis of volatile organic compounds
by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS); MDL for VOCs generally less than 1 ppb
– see method [8]; Hold time = 14 days. 6010: Inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission ... Show
One particularly sensitive method for analysis of pure solvent (applicable to wells containing
DNAPL) involves combustion of the chlorinated hydrocarbon sample with CuO, precipitation of
AgCl and formation of CH3Cl for analysis on IRMS [10]. Isotopic ratios are expressed in the delta
notation, δ, which represents the per mil variation of the isotopic ratio standard. For carbon, the
13C/12C ratio is established by the Pee Dee Belemnite international standard and 37Cl/35Cl ratio is
compared to the Standard Mean Ocean Chloride (SMOC) standard by the following equation: δ13C
or δ37Cl = (Rsample/Rstandard – 1) * 1000. Comparison of the deltas for both compounds as part
of a multi–isotopic approach will provide greater confidence in the determination of the plume
source by providing a more fine–tuned view of chlorinated solvent signatures compared to single
isotope analysis, particularly under consideration that δ37Cl values are typically within a much
smaller range than that of δ13C.
Laboratory Quality Control
The laboratory will utilize a variety of quality control sample types as shown in Table 3. Matrix
spikes and matrix spikes duplicates will be performed on field samples that are provided with
sufficient volume (generally three times original sample volume). All other blanks, duplicates and
control samples will originate in the laboratory and be performed to ensure accuracy of the
analytical method, equipment and procedures. These

Advantages Of Natural Paints
Why should we use natural paints instead of conventional paints?
There is a variety of conventional paints in the stores for you to choose from and there may be a lot
of reasons to pick commercial brand paints due to the success of advertisement campaign of paint
companies. But if you are the one who love nature and always hope to give your ability to contribute
a better world, do you ever think of something is not only make your house more beautiful but also
is better for your health and not damage the environment as well? if the answer is yes, it's time for
you to say goodbye to conventional paints and give a try for natural paints.
What is natural paints?
Natural paints are just paints that made from ingredients available in the nature such as lime, milk,
plants, chalk, flour and earth pigments, which mean they do not contain petrochemical (oil –
derived) and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compound) while ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Think about the job. How funny it is! And of course, you are freely creative with your work.
However, many people may worry that using the natural paints will be limited in the selection of
colors or these natural paints may not have a durable coating comparing to the paints made from
chemicals, but the answer is quite different. The paints like casein paints (2) or unearthed paints also
have a variety of colors that can suit our tastes. In addition, these colors which is not too shine are
often very beautiful and of course they are still eye–catching as their ways. To offer classical looks,
Lime is used as natural white colorants as we can see on the walls of many historical

Great Smog Of London And The Scientific Implications In...
The Great Smog of London and the Scientific Implications in Today's World
Turn of the century London, the emergence of the middle class has forced the cultural bias to shift in
favor of more homes, more people, and a lot of energy consumption. Science's solution to the energy
crisis is a seemingly perfect one: distribute and utilize a more available fuel. Coal burned slower
than wood and therefore kept people and homes warm more resourcefully. For a while it seemed
like a miracle solution. The industrialization of the previous age had been using coal as well, and
when the air became polluted with the factory and energy refuse, the smog was swept away in a
matter of hours (Kilen, C.) That went on until early winter of 1952. That fall had been an unusually
cold one, and the coal had been burning day and night. The factories had been chugging on, and the
black smoke kept rolling. The process by which factories burn coal is as follows: the coal is blown
into the furnace where it burns while still airborne. The heat is used to warm water, which then
produces steam, which spines a turbine. The factories that burn coal now use methods to slightly
lessen the pollution, such as wet limestone to absorb the sulfur (How Coal Works, Union of
Concerned Scientists, p.4). This particular winter, though, the pollutants would not be swept away as
they had been in the past. This is due to the fact that on this particularly cold December, an inversion
occurred over the city of London. An

Louisana Clean Air Act Essay
For this research paper, I chose to discuss the Louisiana air quality and its effects on the community.
I was raised here in Baker, Louisiana which is north of Baton Rouge. Growing up I noticed
something very striking and odd. We are overly exposed to chemical plants and their outputs.
Driving around Baton Rouge at night and seeing a distant flame I often wonder what it really was. I
wonder how this was affecting the community. How was this affecting our health? Upon doing
research, I discovered it is called upset emissions. Upset emissions are unplanned events which
release VOCs into the air. The Bucket Brigade which is an anti–energy group refers to emissions as
accidents. Every year they release an annual report which gives ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They also claimed that upset emission are getting worse. They suggest that refineries should upgrade
their equipment and hire more workers to prevent accidents. The Bucket Brigade highlighted the
Exxon Mobil Complex in Baton Rouge. It was caused by leaking bleeder valve Tank 801. There was
about ten pounds of benzene released at 5am on June 14, 2012. There were iWitness pollution may
detailing strong odors of burnt tar. The benzene is known to cause cancer in humans. In rebuttal the
group Energize LA offers more accurate information. Louisiana has been a part of this industry
since 1909 when Standard oil of New Jersey choose Baton Rouge for a refinery. It was envision that
it would strengthen the company's domestic market capabilities. Energize LA is Louisiana's fuel and
chemicals manufacturing sector served as economic growth for Louisiana. It has been a steady flow
of much needed income for the state. The industry alone brings in over one billion dollars of
revenue. From this industry over 150,000 jobs have been created it one of the sates main sources of
revenue besides tourism. Now there is a big push for cleaner air, safer communities, and jobs
revenue and oppountiny. The Energize LA serves as a clearinghouse for fact based research and
information about issues regarding fuel and chemical manufacturing. The Louisiana Department of
Environmental Quality and Environmental protection agency says that Louisiana's air has been at its
best since the signing of the

Reducing Voc Emissions Are Twofold : Environmental...
1 INTRODUCTION
During loading of oil tankers, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are emitted to the atmosphere
together with the inert gas from the upstream pipe lines and the cargo tanks where vapour balancing
doesn't exist. The cargo tank atmosphere initially contains nitrogen, CO2, other non methane
compounds, and possibly VOC from previous cargo, but during loading hydrocarbon gases
(methane–pentane and heavier components) are released from the cargo. VOC is generated by the
flashing of the cargo in the piping system from the source to the cargo tanks, and from the
evaporation of VOC from the oil surface inside the cargo oil tanks. The reasons for reducing VOC
emissions are twofold: environmental protection and cost reduction by minimizing product losses.
2 LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS AND MANDATORY GUIDELINES
IMO has published technical information on system and operation guidelines to assist in the
development of VOC Management Plans in MEPC.1/Circ.680 (27 July 2009) – resolution
MEPC.185(59), that came in to effect on 1 July 2010. The purpose of the VOC management plan is
to ensure that the operation of a tanker, to which regulation 15 of MARPOL Annex VI applies,
prevents or minimizes VOC emissions to the extent possible.
Vapour Emission Control System (VECS) MSC/Circ 585 (16 April 1992) – MARPOL Annex VI/15
are the standards that have been developed for the design, construction, and operation of vapour
collection systems on tankers. In addition to these

Panspermia And The Demise Of Humanity
The possibility of the world ending is something that is in the back of many people's minds. It is the
ultimate death. It is the end of not only yourself, but the end of humanity as a whole. There are many
ways that this could happen, ranging from Asteroids colliding with our planet, to alien invasion, and
even self annihilation via war. I am focusing on something that is very improbable, but just might
lead to the demise of humanity. Alien invasion. Most people think of alien invasions as a giant war
with another spacefaring, sentient race, however, it can come as a more subtle, possibly even more
deadly way. An alien pandemic has multiple ways of killing our race, from the infection itself, to
self annihilation. The possibility of the world ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is entirely possible for a microorganism to be made up without amino acids, or DNA, and still be
deadly to humans. It can have a different chemical backbone, it can be extremely heat or cold
resistant, resistant to radiation, UV light, and in the case of an intentional invasion, and it could be
made so that all modern treatments are ineffective. The possibility of the world ending due to
spacefaring, or alien bacteria entering our atmosphere and destroying the human race is a great
possibility. Death by pandemic is scary, as is every apocalypse theory. Though Death by a
spacefaring race of bacteria is entirely possible and might lead to humanities demise it is statistically
improbable, and is something that should not be thought of on a daily

What is a Volatile Organic Compound?
Research Questions
What are VOCs? Describe their uses and hazards. Include the properties that make these compounds
hazardous. Include an image of one such compond. VOC's stand for "Volatile Organic Compounds"
and are carbon–based chemicals. These compounds include hydrocarbons, partially oxidized
hydrocarbons, and organic compounds. They are emitted as gases from specifc solids and liquids.
VOC's are used in a number of household and industry products, for examplle; fuels
(propane/gasoline), paint thinners, pesticides, cleaning supplies, correction fluids, permanent
markers, etc. We are exposed to VOC emissions in our every day life and this can be very harmful to
the environment and our health. One main property of VOC's is that they have low boiling and
melting points. VOC's evaporate rapidly at room temperature allowing the molecule to break apart
very easily. This property makes the compound very hazardous. The gases these compounds emit
gets released into the air we breathe and contribute to many health effects depending on the quantity
present in the atmosphere. Some health effects include; eye, nose, and throat infections, headaches,
nausea, and damages to the liver and kidney. Some VOC emissions also act as a greenhouse gas and
contributes to global warming.
ImageImage
Example of a VOC; Propane
What types of intermolecular forces are present in the compound you selected in question #1?
Explain how these forces account for the compound's properties. In

Groundwater Groundwater Pollution
Groundwater Pollution with Chlorinated Ethenes Groundwater is water that is located underground
between soil particles and in holes, or pores, in the bedrock ("Groundwater," 2011). Because earth
has 80 times more groundwater than all the freshwater stored in lakes and streams combined
("Groundwater," 2011), its health has a large influence on the environment. Groundwater also has a
large impact on humans; groundwater accounts for about 20% of water used in the US and almost
half of water used in households, including drinking water ("Groundwater," 2011).
Chlorinated ethenes, also referred to as organochlorides, CVOCs, and chloroethenes, are common
groundwater contaminants throughout the world (Zinder & Gossett, 1995; Dugat–Bony, et al., 2012;
Rouzeau–Szynalski, Maillard, & Holliger, 2010; Ni et al., & Rijnaarts, 2014). They are often found
in various environmental media near industrial facilities (Dobrzy´nska, Po´sniak, Szewczy´nska, &
Buszewski, 2010). Chloroethenes tend to be persistent in the contaminated groundwater; they
remain present indefinitely and are usually not degraded through natural means by any indigenous
population (Zaan, et al., 2009; Tas, 2010).
Chloroethenes tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) are the most common type of
groundwater pollutant in urban and industrial areas and pose a threat to human health (Lee & Lee,
2016). Both PCE and TCE concentrations are regulated by the 1986 amendments to the Safe
Drinking Water Act due to

Ever thought you'd see car parts transformed into...
Ever thought you'd see car parts transformed into jewellery? Or clothing? Shoes? Eye wear? Well
that's exactly what the Lexus Fashion Workshop did.
The Lexus CT Hybrid is a gorgeous, sleek car. Which is also 90% recyclable, so Lexus decided to
dismantle a Lexus CT Hybrid and bring in four fashion designers, and see how they would use
pieces of the car, and up cycle them into amazing bits of work.
Fashion designer John Patrick, used floor mats made from plant–based plastic, sustainable sound–
dampening material, wire harness, leather seat covers and cargo covers, to create a stunning grey
trench coat, a fabulous pair of shorts, and a simple clutch bag, and named it 'Nomadic Sanctuary.'
John Patrick is a interesting fashion designer who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 'Environmental Crown of Virtue' was created by Moss Lipow using transmission started and
exhaust manifold gasket, to create a fascinating, unique eye piece, which has instead of 2 'lenses' has
four and does not only rest upon the ears, but has a head piece connected.
Moss Lipow realized his destiny to be an eye wear designer in his teens when he discovered he
needed prescription glasses, although he actually studied film before finally settling on his career as
an eye wear designer. One of his designs, framed in ostrich and alligator leather was priced at
$3,800 and has become one of the most expensive pairs of sunglasses in the world, he also claims to
have the largest collection of vintage 20th century eye wear in the world, with a collection of over
3,000 different frames.
Finally, Alejandro Ingelmo, shoe designer created 'The Lunar shoe. Using the armrest leather trim,
tire tread and the clear plastic tubing used for wiper fluid, to create an out of this world pair of
shoes. Black and silver and absolutely stunning, these shoes where more than a pair of well designed
shoes, they were a piece of art.
Alejandro Ingelmo followed in his great Grandfathers

Environmental Effects Of Air Pollution
Chemical compounds used in cleaning products and industrial production are being used every day.
Some of these chemicals are naturally occurring but others are synthetic and can cause harm to the
environment and human population, by being released into the atmosphere. The ever–changing
atmosphere, especially in Pittsburgh, is filled with different compounds. Many of the compounds
found in air are naturally occurring but some of these compounds such as Titanium tetrachloride,
Vinyl Chloride, and Benzene are emitted from factories and some household items and cause health
and environmental effects. Possible solutions to reduce and possibly eliminate exposure are then be
explored.
To provide context on the degree of severity of the air pollution in the city of Pittsburgh now, the
past must be evaluated. Since the days of the coal plants, the city of Pittsburgh has had air pollution.
The air of Pittsburgh in the nineteenth and twentieth century was enveloped with heavy pollution to
the point where visibility was hindered (Davidson, 1979, p.1035). According to Davidson (1979)
back in the day, "coal from the Pittsburgh seam [contained] 31–41% volatile compounds" (p.1036).
This statistic means that 31–41% of the compounds in the coal seam would readily release into the
air with the extraction of the coal. The class of compounds inside of the coal is called volatile
organic compounds, or VOC's for short (Schweinfurth, 2016). VOC's are compounds that interact
with organic

The product I choose is Big sexy hair spray & stay intense...
The product I choose is Big sexy hair spray & stay intense hold hairspray by Sexy Hair. I use this
product everyday to keep my hair in place. This hairspray can be found a purchased at Ulta, JC
Penneys and beauty stores throughout the world. It is advertised to be "the strongest long lasting
hairspray ever created by Sexy Hair. It's stronger resin and new production technology allows it to
create a stronger, longer–lasting hold. Delivers intense hold, long–lasting strength, humidity
protection and shine" (ulta.com).
Ingredients:
SD Alcohol 40–B (Alcohol Denat.), Hydrofluorocarbon 152a,
Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/Butylaminoethyl/ Methacrylate Copolymer, Aminomethyl Propanol,
PEG/PPG–17/18 Dimethicone, Fragrance (Parfum), Triethyl Citrate, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The ozone should always stay in tact to protects the earth from UV radiation, which is harmful to
humans (skin cancer) and also the earth (global warming). If allowed to build up indoors, VOCs
often contribute to lightheadedness, headaches, allergies and more importantly has also scientifically
proven harmful to asthma sufferers. As a matter of fact, according to Professor Roy Harrison,
professor of environmental health at Birmingham University, there is a body of research on VOCs in
the indoor environment which links them with those kinds of symptoms – headaches and not feeling
so good (news.bbc.co.uk). After proven to have negative effects on the ozone layer as well as
humans, the production of CFCs was shut down and in fact it's banned in the US. Some scientists
were not convinced by the act of banning CFCs in spite of all these evidences. "Given the large
economic impact of a ban – it was estimated that industries relying on CFC production generated $8
billion in business and employed 200,000 people in 1974 – several scientists in the field advocated
waiting a few years for science to make more progress on the issue before making any policy
decisions." (bio.sunyorange.edu)
Although pump sprays are supposed to be slightly safer to use than aerosol sprays, scientists
recommend to stay away from hairspray as much as possible. Refillable pump sprays can also help
to reduce packaging waste and eliminate the possibility of explosion. Manufacturers are

Remediation Of Olean Well Field
Remediation in Olean Well Field
1、Site location、description and History.
Site location
The Olean well Field Superfund site is located in the eastern portion of the city of Olean and west
and northwest of the towns of Olean and Portville in Cattaraugus County, New York.
Superfund Site Identification Number: NYD980528657
Operable Unit 02 and Operable Unit 03
The site is characterized by contaminated groundwater encompassing an area approximately 800
acres underlying the city of Olean, the Town of Olean and the Town of Portville, and by
contaminated soil at certain locations in the city and town of Olean. The site is approximately 65
miles southeast of Buffalo, New York, and seven miles north of the New York/Pennsy/Vania border.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These contaminations of the areas were discovered in 1981. The public wells draws water from
Olean creek, and they were constructed in the 1970s to relieve the situation of water shortage for a
surface water treatment plant. However, excessive leaves of trichloroethylene (TCE) were
discovered in public wells in late 1980, and so the use of the wells was discontinued. Some
suspected contaminations have been identified. After a supplemental RI/FS study to investigated
thirteen properties for the presence of contamination at four of the properties as the main sources of
VOC and TCE contamination to the former Loohn's Dry cleans.
Site history
There have three public water supply wells were constructed in the late 1970s to provide water for
the city of Olean, New York. In 1981, these wells were found to contain trichloroethylene (TCE) and
other chlorinated organic solvents at concentrations exceeding federal maximum contaminant levers
(MCLs). As a result, these wells were closed. Then the site was included on the National Interim
priorities list on the first NPL on September 9, 1983. Between 1981 and 1985, some separate
federal–, state– and PRP–led investigations were conducted to find the sources of the contamination
to the ground water and evaluate the nature and extent of groundwater contamination at the site.
On September 24, 1985, the first operable unit ROD for the site issued by the EPA was documented.
These including: 1) installation of

Organic Compound
Inorganic and organic compounds are both necessary for the human body. The definition of an
inorganic compound is a compound that does not contain hydrocarbon groups. An inorganic
compound is composed of several other elements, such as salts, metals, and other elemental
compounds, but can contain hydrogen or carbon. If they have both, carbon and hydrogen molecules,
they are organic. Organic compounds are defined as compounds containing hydrocarbon groups.
Organic compounds will include things like the nucleic acids, found in DNA, lipids and fatty acids
found in the cells of living organisms, proteins and enzymes that are necessary for cellular processes
to take place, and more. There are numerous effects to the body if there are disturbances ... Show
Hypervolemia, hypovolemia, overhydration, and dehydration are four examples of disturbances in
water balance. Hypervolemia is an upsurge of too much blood plasma, causing an elevated volume
of blood. Hypovolemia is a decrease in the volume of blood in your body, which can be due to blood
loss or loss of body fluids. Overhydration is an excess of water in the body, while dehydration is a
deficiency of water in the body. Electrolytes are important minerals stored in very small amounts in
the body, which include: sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. An electrolyte disturbance
can be caused by severe fluid loss through sweating and by certain health conditions, such as kidney
problems, diabetes, malnutrition, hormone disorders, and heart disease. Some consequences of an
electrolyte disturbance are dizziness, nausea, fatigue, or muscle twitching or spasms that continue.
The carbohydrates in foods are long chains of simple sugar molecules and must be broken down. If
an enzyme needed to process a certain sugar is missing, the sugar can accumulate in the body,
causing glycogen storage diseases. Glycogen storage diseases are caused by lack of an enzyme
needed to change glucose into glycogen and break down glycogen into

The Importance Of Drinking Water In Bangladesh
Introduction
Safe drinking–water is essential for healthy life, and United Nations (UN) General Assembly
declared safe and clean drinking–water as a human right essential to the full enjoyment of life [1].
Moreover, the importance of water, sanitation and hygiene for health and development has been
reflected in the outcomes of a series of international policy forums [1]. These have also included
health and water–oriented conferences, but most importantly in the Millennium Development Goals
(MDG) adopted by the General Assembly of the UN in 2000. The UN General Assembly declared
the period from 2005 to 2015 as the International Decade for Action, "Water for Life" [1]. Access to
safe drinking–water is important as a health and development issue at national, regional and local
levels. Bangladesh, a developing country from South Asian (SA) region also takes several steps for
ensuring sanitation and safe drinking water facilities among the people. As a result, Bangladesh has
made great progress in this sector. The government also claimed that it has achieved the MDG
indicator of ensuring safe drinking water for 85% people of the country. According to different
demographic and health surveys, the percentage of using improved sources of drinking water is
about 98% (reported in the latest two surveys Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) 2012–13
and Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014) [2,3]. But, this achievement
statistics are overlooking the shortcomings.

Design The Earth Sciences Building At The University Of...
In 2009, Perkins + Will was commissioned to design the Earth Sciences Building (ESB) at the
University of British Columbia. ESB is designed to develop the growing relations between the
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmosphere, the Department of Statistics, the Pacific Institute for
the Mathematical Sciences, the Dean of Science and the Pacific Museum of the Earth, providing
important chances for shared learning and partnership. Placed along Main Mall, the primary north–
south pedestrian route on campus, the building provides opportunity to add visual interest to the
pedestrian experience by displaying the research inside the building; to achieve this, the ground
floor is considered the main public space, and is glazed on all sides to maximize visibility into the
building. Situated across the street is the Beaty Biodiversity Museum, which along with the ESB
creates a 'museum precinct' in this area of the campus. Also, to promote the project goal of 'science
on display', a double–height research lab area operates as a backdrop to integrate exhibits from the
Pacific Museum of the Earth. The building contains faculty and staff offices for each department,
research laboratories, three lecture theatres, and a café. A five–storey atrium divides the north and
south wings of the building, providing an organized structure for the departments while
simultaneously creating an east–west pedestrian route directly through the building. Unlike the
concrete south wing that contains the

Volatile Organic Compounds Lab Report
Abstract: The purpose of this lab is to figure out the percentage of sodium chloride in each barrel of
solution such that disposal cannot surpass five percent per liter, but also identify the volatile organic
compounds found in these barrels. The first experiment will test that the example factory misplaced
25 barrels full of sodium chloride solution, however, five of them contain hazardous material that
needs to be disposed properly. The scenario for the second experiment consists of another issue to
resolve with the arrival of unmarked volatile organic compounds. These organic compounds are
problematic because this can threaten workers as well as negligence of searching for proper
disposal. In this lab, the results showed that the two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Known to be a very important tool in chemistry, its primary usage in quantitative and qualitative
analysis of mixtures. Gas Chromatography can determine unknown volatile compounds through the
means that it can separate organic compounds from a mixture (Linde

Organic Chemistry
Running head: Organic Chemistry
Tamanna Ashraf
Palm Beach State College
Principle of Chemistry
Ceravolo, Joseph
MW 11:00am–12:15pm
February 6th, 2011
We all are living in a science world. Everything has some kind of reaction going on in our living
area. It is just we do not get to see or realize that where n how we having our life much easier than it
used to be. In these writing assignments, the topic is about the organic chemistry. In organic
chemistry, we all have different kinds of compounds. In addition, alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are
the parts of the organic and inorganic compounds. We also can learn about the structural formula
they all have in different form. Polymerization is another type of chemical reaction that we get to ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Above n=17 they are solids at room temperature. Although alkanes with higher values of n are
found in diesel fuel, fuel oil, petroleum jelly, motor oils. The fossil fuel resource from which we
obtain the alkanes is much valuable to burn it all as a motor fuel. Alkanes derivatives are used in
hundreds of products such as plastics, paints, drugs, cosmetics, detergent, etc. (R, N. n.d.).
Alkenes are an unsaturated chemical compound containing at least one carbon–to–carbon double
bond. The simple alkenes have only one double bond and no other functional groups. For example,
(C=C). The boiling points of each alkene are very similar to that of the alkane with the same number
of carbon atoms. In this case, the alkenes have a boiling point which is a small number of degrees
lower than the alkane. Each alkene has 2 fewer electrons than the alkane with the same number of
carbons. (Clark, J. 2003).
Hydrocarbons that contain carbon–carbon triple bonds. The triple bond adds two elements of
unsaturation. For example, (CC). They are insoluble in water. In addition, their boiling points
show the usual increase with increasing carbon number. The unsaturated nature of alkynes means
that most of their reactions will be similar to those of alkenes.
The difference between these groups is in the bond types between carbons. Alkanes form only single
bonds, alkenes form double bonds, and in alkynes, there is one triple bond. The structural formulas
for each of

Hvac Case
When it comes to purchasing a new HVAC system there are so many things to consider. Cost is the
biggest pill to swallow whether you are considering replacing an old, out dated system or been told
you need a new unit. New HVAC units run upwards in the thousands, not counting the installation
costs and over the course of its life, the upkeep and filter costs. To help make the pill easier to
swallow I am going to go over some of the top HVAC brands in America based on efficiency,
warranties, and cost effectiveness over the course of its life. Keep in mind the top brands offer
modulating technology. If this sounds foreign to you, here's a quick breakdown: In years past units
either ran at low capacity (65% of full capacity) or high (100% of capacity) with nothing in
between. With modulating technology, units adjust during a cycle in increments as small ... Show
This technology boasts solar modules that can power your entire HVAC system through solar energy
alone. Talk about savings!! On top of this the XC25 has the industry best SEER cooling at a 26,
while their XP25 gives you a SEER 23.5. The highest furnace efficiency is 98.5% with a HSPF heat
pump rating of 10.2. Their modulating units are the SLP98V gas furnace, XC25 air conditioner, and
XP25 heat pump. Lennox offers a lifetime warranty on the heat exchanger and 10 years on most
parts. Carrier's Infinity line has been considered the industry's best for years. Carrier was the first of
the HVAC major brands to introduce modulating technology in its Greenspeed 25VNAO and is
known for its efficiency and performance. The Infinity line boasts the highest furnace efficiency
rating of 98.5%, highest SEER cooling rating of 21, and the highest heat pump HSPF rating of 13.
Their modulating units are the Infinity 98 59MN7 furnace and Greenspeed 25VNAO heat pump
while their warranty is lifetime heat exchanger and 10 years on most

Persuasive Essay On Water Of Water
Introduction The use of chemicals in a school environment cause several issues in not only our
health, but our watersheds as well. The chemicals in use in our school are those that cause damage
to our health, they cause this damage with ingredients that are not completely user friendly. A
watershed is a drainage basin, which is a natural depression in the earth's surface, usually containing
water, and a divider that separates different areas. Here in Colorado we have two main watersheds,
but we also have several streams considered watersheds. We are in the Cache La Poudre watershed.
A watershed is the transport of different water and it is what is used to drain water into other basins,
or oceans or any bigger water masses. It has stream valleys that bring water to other bodies of water,
in which evaporate and return to the top. This is a constant stream in which is basically recycling
water, so we want to keep the water healthy and ready for us to use. In a certain quote, we
understand the dangers of what we do to our watersheds with urbanization,"flooding becomes more
prevalent as the area of impervious surfaces increase." (Perlman, 2016). This quote is saying that the
more surface area that was given, such as parking lots, the more runoff comes from our flooding
periods. This could be a danger in our school environment, because we use several chemicals as
cleaners. I found greener cleaning supplies from not only our current distributor, but one of
distributor that

Janmar Coating Case Summary
1.0 Case Summary
This case is about an organization doing business on paint coatings market served by company in
the southwestern United States. The organization has some challenges on how to deploy marketing
efforts among the various architectural paint coatings markets served in the southwestern United
States. 1. Janmar Coating, Inc.
Janmar Coating, Inc. is a privately held organization produces and markets architectural paint under
Janmar brand name. In addition to producing a full line of architectural coatings, the company sells
paint sundries (brushes, rollers, thinner, etc.) under the Janmar name, even though these item are not
manufactured by the company. 2. Architectural painting
Industry sources ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, they cannot cut price this year.
3. Hire a sale representative costing $60,000 a year in non DFW areas.
Vice President of Sales wants to develop a new retail account in non DFW areas after only five
accounts for the last 5 years. They want to focus on non DFW areas because half of their sales and
dealers exist in that particular area. It has been asking by Mr. Burns on what the sale representative
will do, either focusing on retail account side or on recruiting the professional painter. 70 percent of
sale is through their professional painters in DFW areas, while 70 percent of sale went to do–it–
yourselfers in non DFW areas. They would need 40 percent price cut to attract contractors since they
have minimum number of contractor sale in DFW and other areas.
4. Maintaining their current approach.
Referring to Vice President of Finance, he want to pursue the current approach because they are in
profitable based on contribution margin by 35 percent. The company just needs to monitor their
margin in control their cost well.
4.0 Choose the best alternative
The best alternative is sales representative, since it focuses on non DFW areas because half of their
sales and dealers exist in that particular area.
5.0 Implementation of the alternative:
Based on the case study, the way to implement the problem is through market targeting. There is the
way of target the market which is:
1. Where to compete
Janmar Coating

Volatile Organic Compounds
Overview
The Edwards Air Force Base located in Antelope Valley in Southern California was built to test new
aircraft and help integrate them into the U.S. Air Force. The site became a flight test center after
World War II. As an air base, many chemicals and fuel are stored here and throughout its history
there have been spills and improper disposals. This became an environmental hazard when the
contaminants began to seep into the ground. The EPA, the Air Force, and two state agencies signed a
Federal Facility Agreement in 1990 to address this issue.
Activities That Led to Pollution
The activities that led to the pollution were the storage of fuel, Volatile Organic Compounds, metals,
and other chemicals. Years of flight testing and rocket ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
VOCs can easily become vapors or gasses making it very toxic to any in the area who inhale it.
Perchlorate, which came from the many years of rocket fuel resting, 1, 4–dioxane, and various
metals are non–volatile contaminants found in some areas. N–Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a
semi volatile organic compound suspected of being a carcinogen and is a known hepatotoxin. Some
of the less harmful contaminants include landfills that may contain unexploded artillery, weapons or
other munitions related materials. Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs), an unregulated group of
chemicals, has also been found and is being investigated at different sites on the base.
Harmful Effects
Trichloroethene has been associated with hepatotoxicity. Exposure also produces decreased appetite,
gastrointestinal irritation, headaches, skin irritation. Chronic exposure produces ataxia (loss of full
control of bodily movements.), decreased appetite, headache, short–term memory loss, sleep
disturbances, and vertigo.
Tetrachloroethene is a group 2A carcinogen. This means that it is likely a probable carcinogen. It is
also a Central Nervous System depressant and due to its fat solubility it can enter through the skin
and cause irritation. Acute exposure to tetrachloroethylene can cause incoordination drowsiness,
dizziness, and headaches. Large doses, however, can cause unconsciousness and death. Chronic
exposure can cause changes in reaction time, memory, attention and vision, and

Plant Kinship In Plants
"Plants are boring." That has been the belief of mankind for generations. Animals are obviously
highly complex creatures with complex organ systems, and even more intricate organs like the
brain. The animal brain is able to sense surroundings, detect eminent danger, form relationships with
other animals, and recognize families. However, even without a brain, plants are capable of all this
and more. For example, Parasitic plants such as the Dionaea muscipula are able to sense and trap
their prey, the Mimosa pudica has the ability to sense touch and wilt, and plants like the Cuscuta
Pentagona can sense volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from tomato plants to form a parasitic
relationship (Biedrzycki M et al. 2010). Furthermore, some positive ways that plants exhibit
communication includes kinship. As children, humans are taught to share their toys and food with
their siblings. Plants it seems, have the same concept to ensure optimal growth and survival, as they
act selflessly towards their relatives, share resources, and exhibit less competition and more
cooperation with their kin. Plants are able to recognize fellow kin through responses to VOCs from
relatives, and perform acts of altruism to kin by resource partitioning amongst siblings through root
allocation (Karban R et al. 2013). The current research on plant kinship and areas of future research
will be discussed, as well the controversies surrounding this subject. Despite the debate on plant
kinship,
Volatile Organic

My Passion For Organic Chemistry
When I was six, I distinctly remember that my grandfather was diagnosed having an early stage
colorectal cancer. He went through a major surgery and recovered with prescription drugs and herbal
therapies, which appeared to have a positive additive effect. I was inspired by the ability of the
pharmaceuticals in relieving my grandfather's pain, giving him a future, and allowing me to share
more memories with him. My passion in studying organic chemistry arises from me realizing there
is immense potential embedded in the chemistry principles to develop tools for the treatment of
human diseases. Through my undergraduate studies and research, I became determined in pursuing a
graduate carrier, in which I aim to grow into an expert in chemical reactivities and an independent
scientist who can invent chemistry and contribute to the development of pharmaceuticals.
In my sophomore year, I was intensely drawn to organic chemistry in Professor Thomas Maimone's
class. The elegant and logical framework of chemical transformations absorbed me. I learned the
fundamental roles of organic chemistry in drug discovery and became increasingly interested in
solving challenging synthetic problems. I enjoyed the thrill of composing creative pathways to
generate complexity, but also found that my knowledge of organic transformations made me limited.
Therefore, I fostered my chemical intuition on how and why reactions occur through select
graduate–level organic chemistry coursework.
Motivated by a

Aphy 101 Midterm Study Guide Essay
Study Guide for Statewide APHY101 Online Midterm Exam
(Study Guide , Ivy Tech Community College, East Central Region)
NOTE: The midterm exam will pull: 40 questions from Chapters 1, 2, and 3 combined, 16 questions
from Ch. 4, 19 questions from Ch. 5, & 25 questions from Ch. 6.
Chapter 1 Explain the difference between the study of Anatomy and the study of Physiology? Name
and define the levels of organization of life? Define metabolism. Define homeostasis? How does a
homeostatic mechanism maintain homeostasis? What is meant by negative feedback? How does
negative feedback affect homeostatic mechanisms? Know the locations of the major body cavities.
Be familiar with major ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is the purpose of Cellular Respiration? What are the major stages in the Cellular Respiration
Pathway? Where in the cell do the reactions occur? What major events occur in each stage? Define
gene, chromosome, and genome. What is meant by complementary base pairing of nucleotides?
*Compare and contrast the structure and function of DNA and of RNA molecules. Reference Table
4.1. *What is the purpose of Protein Synthesis? What are the major stages of the protein synthesis
reaction? What major events occur in each stage? Reference Table 4.3. Define codon and anti–
codon. Define mutation and mutagen.
Chapter 5 Define Histology & Tissue. *Describe the 3 types of intercellular junctions. Reference
Table 5.1. *What are the 4 basic types/groups of tissue? Reference Table 5.2. Briefly describe the
function of the basement membrane of epithelial tissues. How are the epithelial tissues named – by
what characteristic(s)? *Describe the structure and list the functions of the various epithelial tissues,
including glandular epithelium. Reference Table 5.5. *Name and describe the various structural
types of exocrine glands. Reference Figure 5.11. Define Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of connective
tissue. *Describe the 3 main types of cells and the 3 main types of fibers found in connective tissue?
Reference Table 5.6. *Describe the structure, and list the

Tiny House Movement
Buying a home is one of the biggest milestones a person can accomplish, and in the American
society, bigger is usually better. With larger homes, there is a certain sense of prestige and wealth
that comes along with them. Unfortunately, what home buyers do not tend to know, is just how bad
that home is to not only their health, but to the environment and their wallets as well. That is why,
over these past few years, there has been a significant shift to what is known as the Tiny House
Movement. However, before we embark on the tale that is the Tiny House Movement, we first must
understand the traditional home. As of 2015, the average home in America was about 2,600 square
feet, and would cost generally anywhere between one–third to a half of any given pay. At those
numbers, it takes on average fifteen years to pay off the home which leaves about 76% of Americans
living paycheck to paycheck just keep a roof over their heads (The Tiny Life).
While it easy to only focus on the cost of the home, it is incredibly important to consider just want
that house is doing to the environment. If we take a trip back to 1981, the average home used about
183 million British thermal units, also known as BTU. By 2012, the number rose to 188.7 million
BTUs (DeSilver). As of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tiny houses average out to be about 2.4 by 5 meters, or is generally bellow 500 to 400 square feet.
They retain all the same living spaces that a traditional home has, such a living area, kitchen,
sleeping loft, kitchen and bathroom that are configured to be easily placed on trailer, allowing them
to be movable. A great benefit that comes with mobility is that one does not have to own the land in
which it sits upon, cutting one cost right out of the picture (The Tiny

Environmental Effects Of Plastic Pollution
Plastic pollution is all over this world. People purchase plastic almost everyday, even if someone
does not realize they are purchasing this synthetic product, most of the time the item's packaging is
made of plastic. Even cleaning products and clothes contain plastic. When plastic was man–made
the only thought was the benefits it can create, the deficits were not thought of. Humans and animals
are being physically harmed by hazardous chemicals inside plastic and sadly, fifty percent of plastic
is hazardous. The environment as well is being affected with pollution because of the amount of
resources that are taken and used. Many authors have researched the effects of the plastic we use
daily. ZHigui He's article "Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic
compounds emitted from different plastic solid waste recycling workshops" researches the various
volatile compounds found in different recycling shops that lead to health risks. Charles Talsness'
article is explaining the health risks of the components found in plastic on humans and animals.
Along with the article written by Chelsea Rochman, assistant professor, that classifies plastic waste
as hazardous as well and W.C. Li's article focuses on the effects of the plastic waste in the marine
environment. All the while, Robert LeBlanc has found many statistics on all negative aspects inside
his article "Plastic Recycling Facts and Figures". All of these articles connect in the agreement of
plastic

1. What Is A Volatile Organic Compound?
Organic substance are made of carbon, plants and animals are example of the natural organic. All
living organisms, from largest tree to smallest insect are organic .Once decaying process occurred
over these living organisms they turned to organic substance. All human wastes, animal wastes
(from barnyards, pastures, rangelands, feedlots), areas of land application of sewage sludge, the
waste of pulp and paper industry that discharge organic laden effluent, and food processing wastes
consist of organic materials.
2. What is a Volatile Organic Compound?
VOC are a class of chemicals that are carbon containing and evaporate (vaporize) easily into air at
normal air temperatures, therefore they are organic materials. When present in water at low
concentrations, some VOCs produce a sweet, pleasant odor. Chlorinated solvents such as
commercial, industrial, residential products, solvents, cleaners, degreasers, paints, inks and ... Show
What are Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)?
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); is the measure of the amount of oxygen consumed by aquatic
life. Furthermore, is the measure that is used to determine the level of organic pollution in a water
body or is the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria in the decomposition (oxidation) of organic
material. As the high levels of the (BOD), the higher levels of the water pollution and less (DO)
levels.
The chemical oxygen demand (COD); is the measure of the all chemicals that found in the water
body that can be oxidized or is the measure of the oxygen equivalent of the organic substance found
in the water body that is disposed to oxidation. The COD can be related empirically to BOD, organic
carbon, or organic matter. In COD test a chemical used instead of the bacteria to oxidase the organic
substance and is used more for industrial wastewater as the BOD is used for municipal wastewater.
BOD and COD are two of three methods used to determine carbon present in the water

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