Social Structure In Ancient Greece

Social Structure In Ancient Greece
One of the earlier and much larger ancient civilizations that is widely studied are those of the
Greeks. Ancient Greece is a very popular theme of study covered in many disciplines such as
philosophy, science, history and anthropology amongst others. The reason for this, I believe, is
primarily due to its complex social structure in ancient time and a strong sense of culture and
'Hellenistic pride' as portrayed in their art, literature and architecture. Due to the fact that Greece
was never unified as political entities lived as 'city–states' and that independence would suggest
variation in styles amongst the different city–states, more emphasis would be place on the pottery
decorations of Athens and its immediate surroundings. For the duration ... Show more content on
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Art forms and style descending from the Mycenaean age are called sub–Mycenaean, and its pottery
were described as "slack shapes and ineffectual decoration" (Sparkes 1996). Evolving from the sub–
Mycenaean was the 'Protogeometric' around 950 BC. Pottery from this age was commonly done on
the wheel and fired at temperatures higher than they were during the sub–Mycenaean times (Sparkes
1996). Decorative patterns like paintings and incision during this time was described as particularly
uniform, mainly consisting of circles, semi circles and waves, with human figures absent (Sparkes
1996). Sparkes had also identified two main groups of pots from this age, those that are light ground
with decorations painted using "black–glaze paint on orange–red clay" and dark grounds, "Coated
with black–clay paint" (Sparkes
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The Human Body In Greek Art
Almost seven feet tall, a life–like sculpture stands, broad and muscular, in the middle of the National
Archeological Museum, Naples, Italy. Made of bronze yet so full of life, the Spear Bearer is one of
many ancient Greek sculptures surviving, as good as new, till this day. On the other side of the world
stands the New York Kouros at the Metropolitan Museum, rigid and awkward, and all together
unrealistic. However, Greek art, especially Greek sculpture and vase painting has not always
portrayed the human body in such a perfect and idealistic way. Up until 500 BCE, Greek sculpture
and statuary specifically were completely different to what is seen and defined as 'Greek sculpture'
today while Greek vase painting and other representations of the human body maintained their less
realistic style. The Greeks not only developed but also improved their artwork of the human figure
throughout Early Greece only to present a better and more idealistic image of sculpture using
naturalism and realism towards the Classical period. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The human representations in Greek art were very similar in many ways to the Egyptians' early
work. This was due to the fact that during the Archaic period, Greek artists found inspiration in
Egyptian art and were influenced to adopt their styles and techniques into their own artwork; small
details in Egyptian statuary and paintings were incorporated into Greek sculptures and vase
paintings (Archaic Greek Art). Similarities, for starters, can be seen in the materials, medium and
the minor techniques used by the Greeks and

Luigi Lanzi
Introduction
Using an object centred approach this narrative will attempt to go beyond the subject's simple
classification of a 'red–figured stamnos (The British Museum, n.d)'. The function, status and
meaning of this piece* and how it has changed over time is addressed by examining the production,
consumption and afterlife of the piece.
Production
An intrinsic measure of soil and evaluation of taxonomic evidence identifies the birth of this piece
as between 450BC–440BC of Athenian provenance. The raw material excavated from a clay bed
was transported to the Kerameikos. Clay became separated into component quantities. For
decoration a portion was reserved and finely filtered, mixed with water and referred to as a fine clay
'slip' (OURef). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Museo Gregoriano Etrusco at the Vatican introduced free standing pottery on pedestals that
could be seen from all angles. J.D Beazley's Corpus vasorum antiquorum became the first fascicle to
catalogue Greek vases in collections throughout the world in 1923. Two hundred fascicles later and
there is now a clear, concise method of display and labelling. These factors allowed art historians to
evaluate such information from a given piece as; its school, original provenance, form, its creator
and more. Museums have installed anti–inflationary methods while preserving the opportunity of
visual enjoyment for

Similarities And Differences In The Middle Of Greek And...
There were contrasts and similarities in the middle of Greek and Roman structural engineering in
light of the fact that the Romans based on the before Greek information, however concocted from
that point. The Romans grew not just better approaches to assemble more effective structures
additionally a totally diverse reason for the building to be manufactured. While as yet demonstrating
the excellence that was skillfully accomplished by the Greeks and including their own basically and
inventiveness, the Romans built up a design style that remaining parts right up till the present time.
For example the Romans utilized segments that the Greeks had utilized yet they included the curve
and the arch.
First of all, in the meantime, the Romans manufactured theaters like the Greeks yet they concocted
the amphitheater for donning occasions. The Romans based on a much bigger scale. Illustrations of
this are the Coliseum in Rome and the Temple of Zeus in Athens that the Romans fabricated. This
was the biggest sanctuary manufactured in ancient history. Later on after Christianity turned into the
predominant religion, Roman holy places were manufactured as basilicas. This was initially a law
court. The Romans included a rooftop and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using these frameworks, Roman authorities made a rate out of the best open structures always,
including havens, amphitheaters, historic points, sanctuaries, and showers. While Greek construction
modeling is regularly more rectilinear, and of post and lintel. An antiquated Greek constructing
typically comprised of a pediment bolstered by segments, which was situated on a plinth and base. A
substantial number of antiquated Greek structures are as yet standing today, the most popular being
the Parthenon and Acropolis complex in Athens. Preceding the seventh century B.C., structures were
developed of wood with mud block

Greek Art History
The Met's page for Greek Art presents collection of the artworks of Classical Greece from the
Metropolitan Museum of Art in a geographical, chronological, and thematic context. The webpage is
a valuable source of information for the individuals who are studying Greek art because it presents a
comprehensive, logical and well documented material. The page like this should have images of
artworks, the short description of the artwork: its title, the date, the name of the artist, the country of
origin, the medium and dimensions, the detailed description including information about the subject
matter, and accompanying art history facts. Such art history facts may be in a form of short notes or
extensive essays. The Met's pages have all the features ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The index provides methods for a directed research for art movements and styles, artists, geography,
materials and techniques, objects, and themes. For example, there are links to the Hellenistic period
in Greek Art, Kleophrades Painter, Sculpture in the Round from the Balkan Peninsula, Men's
Clothing, and Mythological Figure from Europe. Although the webpage is filled with a lot of
information, it is never "too much" for those who are hungry for knowledge. There is a list for
further reading and articles. For example, we can find more information about Greek art in the book
Greek Sculpture: The Late Classical Period and Sculpture in Colonies and Overseas by John
Boardman or in the article "Painted Greek Vases" in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
(summer, 1962) by Dietrich Von

How Ancient Greek Culture Has Influenced The Present Day...
Greek Pottery Ceramics has played a substantial role throughout history, so that is why the Greeks
made sure to make a sizable imprint on ceramics through their intuitive approach on clay objects.
Before we can learn about the ancient Greek ceramics we must first learn about ancient Greek itself.
The culture is believed to of had its first evidence of burials in 7250 BCE, and the culture lasted all
the way to 146 BCE. Ancient Greek culture has influenced the present day more than most people
will ever understand, ranging from their form of government all the way to their architecture! In an
article from the Confucius Institute it is stated that, "In 510 BC Cleisthenes introduced profound
reforms which made democracy exist as a system of government for the first time in the world. In
general reforms were to diminish the role of aristocracy, eliminate financial differences and mix the
society" (Athens University, 1). Greek culture also played an immense role in the science and math
world, ranging from Pythagoras and the pythagorean theorem to Archimedes of Syracuse and his
foundations for hydrostatics. If you follow philosophy then you will know that their are big
philosophy names in greek culture, for example Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. We all know about
the vast amount of knowledge behind Greek architecture (Parthenon, temple of Zeus,
Kalimarmanon), so we will talk about their art; Greek art ranged from sculptures to ceramics, and
amazingly their art is still

La Source: Hippolyte Petitjean
La Source is an oil painting created by French painter Hippolyte Petitjean. Petitjean painted in the
late 19th to the early 20th century and is characterized as belonging to the Post–Impressionist
movement. This movement was known by its division of colors that relied on the viewer to optically
blend and put together a full image. Artistically, Pietjean is most well–known for his mastery of the
pointillism technique of painting. La Source is just one of the many pieces made the pointillist
technique. The painting depicts a single female figure as the centerpiece of the composition. The
female figure is nude and holds a vase with water pouring out to the right side of it. The water
around the figure is symbolic of the birth of the goddess Aphrodite ... Show more content on
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The colors in the figure consist of warm creams, yellows and oranges with purple, blue, and green as
contrasting colors. With the technique of pointillism, which can be seen in detail in Figure 1,
Pietjean composed the complete piece with dots of single color and utilized varied hues and gradient
colors to create an optical illusion of the colors blending together. While the female nudes of
Classical Greece were in a different medium, the idea of perfection is shared by the two. The skin of
the female figure in La Source is smooth and flawless when looked at from a distance. The skin
color is comprised of varied chroma of mostly warm colors and the gradients give off the impression
of a marble–like smoothness. This type of smoothness is seen in Praxiteles Aphrodite of Cyrene in
the polishing of the marble in a way that gives it a skin like property. The softness of the colors in
the figure supplement the visual gentleness of form. Petitjean take the delicacy of the ancient Greek
sculpture, as seen within Praxiteles polished skin like marbles, and reformulated it through the use
of soft–hued colors and the gradient of his pointillism

Art During The Trojan War
I. INTRODUCTION.
I will compare two pieces of artwork to explore as I share expression of ideas that represents during
the Trojan War in ancient Greece. For my visual art, I chose a vase by Exekias Epoiesen, my visual
artwork is titled Achilles and Ajax, playing a board game around 540–530 BCE in Musei Vaticani,
Rome when two men took a break from the bloody battles of the war. The My literary artwork is by
Homer; his epic poem is titled the" Iliad" is around Ninth Century BCE in Troy during the bloody
battles of the Trojan war (Richmond Lattimore). I will compare the Representation of the Trojan
War theme with the visual and literary artwork of the bloody battle of the experiences of the hero's
main characters as, the works connect the experiences of men being one of the strongest humans and
the attitudes through artwork, poet's literary, film, Greek Mythology that represents the bloody
battles of the Trojan war in Troy.
II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Achilles and Ajax, playing a board game has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Vase was popular with Achilles and Ajax playing a board game painting on a vase become
popular back in ancient Greece because of the men were heroes that help influence our culture today
in museums, artwork and on film. Dr. Harris and Dr. Zucker will go over the vase and describe the
tone and the way it was painted on how the heroes played a board game in Troy during a fight
became one of the popular pieces of art pottery back in modern times is used in museum and on film
to represent ancient Greece during the Trojan war (Dr. Harris, Dr. Zucker) In Modern times Rose
created a video about the life of Achilles from the time he was born, and in training to fight in the
war and how he became the hero in the Trojan war and how a king had a man ordered to kill
Achilles. This is on media and on YouTube

Tragic Heroines In Greek Drama
In ancient Greece, societal conventions and norms permeated all aspects of life. The arts were
especially influenced by the ideals and beliefs of society. Gender was especially regulated in
everyday life, something we see reflected in many art forms. The ancient Greeks were extremely
influential in both the visual and dramatic arts. Throughout the development of these styles, we see
how society's established gender norms permeated the works of artists and playwrights alike. This is
especially true in the depictions of dramatic heroines. Women from famous legends and myth were
popular topics of study in the arts, but this does not mean they were spared from gendered
expectations and roles. This paper will study representations of Greek tragic heroines in Athenian
drama and on vase paintings. Through case studies of Alcestis, Medea, Electra, and Clytemnestra, I
will see how perceptions of these women consistent or varying across the different art forms, how
they upheld expectations of decorum, and how they are shown as upholding or challenging gender
roles. By examining the intersection of theatre and vase painting, we can have a better
understanding of how Greek society viewer these tragic heroines and the themes connected to their
narratives. It is important to acknowledge the time frame we are looking at for both the texts and
vases. Greek drama greatly developed and rose in popularity during the 6th and 5th centuries BCE,
during which all of the texts we will be

Ancient Egyptian Art And Sculpture
There are many different art styles around the world that developed in various ways. Ancient
Egyptian art is around 5 thousand years old, and it is a major contributor to late Mesolithic Art. It
arose and took place in the Nile Valley. Ancient Egyptian art attained a high level in sculpture and
painting, and was extremely stylized and symbolic. Most of the Egyptian sculptures that have been
well–preserved were initially made for temples and/or tombs. All Egyptian art and sculpture was
based on the belief of life after death. The pharaoh's body was cautiously preserved, and certain
items were buried with him in the Pyramids of Giza to continually provide for his needs. Life–size
and large statues, carved in limestone, slate, and alabaster, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The head and legs were always in profile, and the eyes and upper body were viewed from the front.
Numerous ancient Egyptian paintings have lasted in tombs, and temples at times, because of Egypt
's tremendously parched climate. People frequently made the paintings with the intention of making
an enjoyable afterlife for the dead. The themes included voyage throughout the afterworld or
protective divinities introducing the late to the gods, such as Osiris. Multiple tomb paintings show
events that people were involved in when they were alive and wanted to do them for the rest of
eternity. Scenes of fishing and hunting that were painted can have realistic landscape backgrounds
of plants and water, but Egyptian painting did not advance into it very deeply, and the figures varied
in size due to their importance, not their location. The main colors they used were black, green,
yellow, blue, red, and gold. Ancient Egyptian sculpture was closely related to Egyptian architecture
and mostly had to do with the temple and the funeral tomb. The temple was built as if it were an
eternal resting–place of a divinity whose statue was concealed within a series of closed halls, opened
to see only for a small amount of time, when the sun or moon reached a certain point on the horizon,
their rays shined directly on the innermost shrine. The mural images on the temple walls normally
represent the devotion of the Pharaohs as well as

Ancient Egyptian Art And Contribution To Late Mesolithic Art
There are many different art styles around the world that developed in various ways. Ancient
Egyptian art is around 5 thousand years old, and it is a major contributor to late Mesolithic Art. It
arose and took shape in the civilization of the Nile Valley. Ancient Egyptian art reached a high level
in painting and sculpture, and was both extremely stylized and symbolic. Most of the Egyptian
sculptures that have been well–preserved were initially made for temples and/or tombs. Egyptian
sculpture and all Egyptian art was based on the belief in a life after death. The body of the pharaoh
was carefully preserved, and certain goods were buried with him in the Pyramids of Giza to provide
for his needs forever. Life–size and even much larger statues, carved in slate, alabaster, and
limestone, were as regular and simple in shape as the tombs themselves. These statues were replicas
of the rulers, the nobles, and the gods worshiped by the Egyptians, and were put in temples and
burial chambers. Scenes engraved and painted in the tombs or on temple walls literally described
Egyptian life. Eleanor Barton, in The History of Sculpture, states, "The Egyptians often combined
features from various creatures to symbolize ideas. For example, the human head of the pharaoh
Khafre is added to the crouching figure of a lion to form the Great Sphinx. This composition
suggests the combination of human intelligence and animal strength." Egyptian sculptors always
presented clear ideas. The pharaoh or

The Importance Of Theater In Ancient Greece
Theater has prevailed throughout the years, dating back to ancient times and still having importance
in society today. Texts of ancient Greek comedy and tragedy have survived for over two thousand
years, because a small handful of people thought they were worth preserving. It is a wonder that
these plays are still around today, considering how much time has passed and the differences
between society today and that of ancient times, also taking into consideration the difference in
speech and language. Theater in the ancient world served as a source of entertainment for the
people. Most of the evidence that is used today are from vases, which can tell a lot about what
happened back in ancient Greece. Scenes are played out on vases, with most being Dionysian or
mythological narratives. Painters avoided representing tragic scenes literally as they would be
portrayed in the theater, but instead a 'further reality' of the myth. Even minute details about this
evidence was important, including the shape of the pots the work was on. Mythic–tragic scenes
could be found on large, prestigious vessels like volute kraters, while a comic scene might decorate
a bell krater or small jug (oinochoe) which served wine at a drinking party (Hughes 5). Vases are not
the only archeological evidence, as terracotta figurines are another source of knowledge for those
wanting to learn about the costumes worn in comedy in ancient Greece. Nearing the end of the fifth
century, the earliest comedy figurines were produced in Athens. These figurines were mostly static,
unlike vase paintings were the scene was full of action and engagement. These terracotta figurines
were souvenirs for the people to buy in admiration of their favorite characters. People cherished
them and even took them to their graves, where they were found by archeologists (Hughes 39).
Other than using vase paintings and archeological evidence, some of the information known today
was based on the reconstruction of the texts from the time. The writers of the tragedies and
comedies that survived were Athenians. The dramatic festivals for which they composed took place
in the theater dedicated to Dionysus, one of their gods, located in the sanctuary that contained his
temple

Ancient Greek Vase Analysis
Perhaps one of the most well–known staples of ancient Greek art is the vase – constructed from clay
and decorated with black glaze to depict culturally relevant scenes, stories, and events, ancient
Greek pottery is instrumental to our modern understanding of ancient Greek society. Thanks to the
sturdiness of the fired terra cotta from which these pieces are made, archaeologists have been able to
uncover a plethora of these vases and vessels and analyze them to gather otherwise unknowable
information about the time in which they were made. The vases are most commonly categorized by
shape and by the era in which they were made – several different artistic styles and movements are
documented via the decorations and art on these vases. Some of ... Show more content on
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On the front, typical of all Panathenaic amphorae, is an image of Athena holding a spear, featuring a
limited but still visually striking use of color. Dark red and white adorn her apparel, helmet, and
shield. Her skin is also colored with a whiteish tone – this detail is perhaps a tradition left over from
the much earlier Minoan civilization, whose art made the visual distinction of female from male
with lighter skin tones. Incised lines are used to depict intricate decorations on her tunic. In this
panel, Athena is flanked on either side by Doric columns, an inscription running up the side of one,
and roosters atop both. The significance of the roosters remains unknown, but some have theorized
that the presence of the birds could have something to do with the Greek word for rooster, alektruon,
which means defender, while others suggest that they are symbolic of Zeus, Athena's father. The
neck and the foot of the vase are decorated on both sides. The back of the vase displays a scene from
a stadion footrace, the event for which this prize would have been awarded. All 5 athletes in the
panel assume the heroically nude state that was more than common in Greek society, and detailed
musculature is delineated with the use of incised lines. As with Athena on the other side, Minoan
influence is evident in the scene, evidenced by the pinched waists if the runners. Beyond the focal
points of both scenes, no details are used to indicate their surrounding landscape, in a very similar
fashion to the Berlin painter's style. Also like the Berlin painter, there is evidence of perspective, as
the athlete's legs and arms overlap each other to provide a sense of relative space, however, this
detail disappears on the other side of the vase, as Athena's spear runs behind her head, contrary to
the position it is suggested to take by the way she

The Squat Oinochoe
The Squat Oinochoe was found in Corinth, Greece. It is believed that it was made around 590–570
BCE which places this piece of pottery in the Archaic Period of Greece. When it was discovered in
Corinth, it was obvious it was influenced greatly due to the cultural interactions between the Aegean
and the eastern Mediterranean regions during the eighth and seventh centuries BCE. The vase has
feral goats, panthers, creatures, and oriental styled floral motifs on the body and shoulder of the
vase. This style of vase is known as Oinochoe in Greek it is split up into two words "oinos" meaning
wine, and "cheo" meaning I pour2. These types of vessels are usually single–handled, and usually
taller than its width.2 They were used to pour and hold ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This vessel is going against the usual Oinochoe from the time, because it has a short shoulder and
body, while being wide at the same time with a broad almost none existent foot. The paintings on
the base and shoulder are broken up into registers which can trace back to Mesopotamian culture
and Egyptian society as well. Both registers on the shoulder and body depict two dimensional
figures along side with oriental flowers. In both registers, there is an animal depicted, which is a
panther. The panther is one of the forms that Dionysus the god of wine, agriculture, and fertility of
nature takes on.3 The panther on this Oinochoe leads us to believe it represents Dionysus because he
is the god of wine, and this particular vessel was used for wine. Another figure on the vase is a
winged figure, however that part of the vase has faded to the point where it cannot be analyzed or
examined. What can be seen however are lions, which at the time in ancient Greece showed wealth
and power and can often be found in many Greek myths. Lions during this time are depicted roaring
with their mouths open and their body flexing and tall, poised to show power and authority. The
registers may have the same animals and creatures on them; however the register on the body of the
vase has more of the animals. The final animal that is depicted is a feral goat, the only way it can
described and identified as feral, is because it is grazing where the lions and bird like

Ajax Vs Greek
Compare of Achilles and Ajax Playing a Board Game
Ancient Greek vase painting is rich in content, it mostly about myths and heroic legends, to
reflecting Greece lives very broadly, such as war, hunting, manufacturing, home, entertainment,
sports and so on. The styles of painting vase are very dramatic, humane with rich hospitality feeling
to represented the beauty and elegance, in order to shows the Greeks confident and optimistic spirit.
I found interested on painter Exekias and Leagros Group' amphora with the same theme of Achilles
and Ajax playing a board game. Exekias who was called the greatest black– figure artist, his black–
figure technique is proficiency particularly on curving heroes. Moreover, he painted a scene of
Achilles and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As for the Achilles and Ajax playing a board game by painter Leagros Group, it is also a black
figure neck– amphora created about ca 510 B.C. from Athens, Greece. the height is 30.4 centimeters
and rather than a wine jar, it was used as a storage jar. (Attic Black–Figure Neck Amphora) In term
of the shape of amphora, it is one of the oldest and most common form, which has round black
handles and an echinus foot, the shape is like an upside– down shallow bowl, the mouth is more
wide open, it has a cylindrical handle, and the area between the neck and the shoulder of amphora, it
has a deeper radian angler. basically, the whole amphora was painted in orange– yellow color,
excluded the mouth and handles, which are painted in black. Indeed, it is an evolution of Exekias'
contribution, each of these shape has its own pattern of moderate and exquisite change over time.
According to the Understanding Greek Vases, the aesthetic of Greek vase painting is more
fundamental than interplay and the balance between the contrasting dark and light areas on a vase,
between the black painted areas and orange– red of the unpainted part. (The Understanding Greek
Vases) In fact, for this amphora painted by Leagros Group, the balance of the dark and light area
was set by the black concentrated in the picture, and the picture dominates the vase, which seems
like the whole image was enlarge by the image and takes up the most space on the amphora, because
it was painted with double –leaved ivy on the neck, and it's also painted double lotus and palmette
pattern on the lower part of body, but it's larger than first picture, therefore the pattern is perfectly fit
to the neck of the amphora. Whereas, this amphora painted more double lotus and palmette chain in
between the lower border and main image, also in the interface of the neck and shoulder, it has a

Greek Pottery Changes
No other culture has had such an important influence on western art as that which flourished in
Ancient Greece. (Herwig, 1988) Kate O'Halloran agrees that "a lot of what we know about everyday
life in Ancient Greece comes from Greek Pottery". (O'Halloran, 1988) Greek Pottery, particularly in
terms of decoration, evolved over the centuries and was categorized into four broad groups;
however these styles did not pass abruptly from one to another and in some cases ran side by side
for decades. (Cartwright, 2013) These changes in pottery over time were impacted by the political ,
economic, social changes and cultural developments of ancient Greece.
Ancient Greek pottery is one of the most common primary sources from Ancient Greece. The
durable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Solon (born c 630 BCE– died c 560 BCE) was an Athenian statesman and noted poet who was
responsible for many social and political reforms, some of which impacted Greek pottery directly.
(Cadoux, 2015) Solon realised that the country was for the most part poor and unproductive, so
Solon encouraged many of the landless to turn to learning a craft. (Bradley, 1988) Solon promised
Athenian citizenship to foreign craftsmen who settled with their families permanently in Attica.
(Bradley, 1988) Master potters from Corinth and Aegina moved to Athens which resulted in the
rapid growth of the Athenian pottery industry. (Bradley,

Explain The Three Column Styles Found In Ancient Greek Art
1. Describe two of the three column styles found in ancient Greek architecture.
One column style is Ionic order. It originated in Eastern Greece, and had a more ornate column and
capital than the Doric order. The columns rest on ornate, detailed bases and the fluted shaft is
slender. There are 24 fluted grooves on the column, and has a large double scroll or volute as the
capital.
Another column style is Corinthian order. It grew from Ionic order, but is more ornate and elaborate.
There are two rows of leaves that fan out from the capital and four scrolls.
2. What were Ushabti? What purpose did they have?
Ushabti were small figurines that were placed in tombs to act as a substitute for the person in case
he or she was called upon to do manual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most sculptures are of common people or gods and goddesses. The cultures had architecture play a
big part in their art. Both the Warka Vase from Sumerian art and The Narmer Palette from Egyptian
art both tell a narrative. Unlike Egyptian and Greek architecture, Mesopotamian architecture is not
able to be studied. The Mesopotamian architecture was worn away by time because of the poor
building materials. Unlike Mesopotamian and Greek art, Egyptians did not make pottery.
4. Choose one piece of art shown in the unit. In about two paragraphs, create an art critique for this
piece of art.
The piece of art I choose is the sunk relief image of Pharaoh Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and their children.
The image was made in Ancient Egypt, during Akhenaten's reign. It is a relief, so the background is
carved away from the outlines to make them stand out. What attracts my attention in the image is
how deep the lines are. It creates a strong contrast between them and the background. There is a lot
of negative space in the piece that helps create the image and make it pop more. There are many
curved lines in the picture to create movement and to better show the human

The Siren Vase Analysis
The Siren Vase The piece of artwork I have chosen is The Siren Vase. This piece was created by The
Siren Painter whose real name is unknown along with a birth and death date. The Siren Painter
produced. The Siren Vase in 480–470 BC. The vase has has been housed in the British Museum
since 1843. I would describe the theme of this piece as showing cunning strength or crafty skill in
achieving one's goal. The Siren Vase is typical of its time period by showing a clear picture of one of
the many adventures Odysseus was met with. We are able to see Odysseus's ship clearly in the sea
represented by the thinned black and wavy lines in the narrow foreground of the vase. We can see
the picture of Odysseus begging it seems to be untied due to the seductive

Comparing and Contrasting Ancient Greek Drinking Vessels...
There are a handful of differences and similarities from an Ancient Greek drinking vessel and a
Starbucks cup some people may not take into consideration. While comparing and contrasting a
Starbucks coffee cup and Ancient Greek drinking vessels I will take careful notation into the
differences and similarities of their form, function and decoration of the artifacts. I will go into
careful detail of what the ancient Greeks used to create their drinking vessels. Also, I will elaborate
the functions that the Ancient Greeks first had in mind and what uses they had during the different
time periods. Another important aspect of the ancient Greek drinking vessels and Starbucks cup are
the decorations and logos. This plays an important role in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This is usually referred as a red–figure style vase. This type of style vase painting started in Athens,
Greece. The red–figure technique is essentially an inversion of the black–figure technique, for now
the figures are left the color of the clay and the background is painted black. Details within the
contours of the figures are painted with a brush and are consequently more fluid than when incised
in the black–figure technique. These paintings upon the vessels usually depict some sort of scene
from mythological life. Most of these Greek vessels served as more than drinking vessels but as
prizes, ways to illustrate stories and items used to place in tombs. Today, people may use Starbucks
cups, as a "to–go" cup, conveniently for our society's busy lives. The Starbucks cup is shaped like an
open cylindrical container with a flat bottom and without handles. Starbucks provides lids for the
paper and plastic cups with a hole in it for either sipping or to insert a straw for drinking. However,
because they are made from paper and plastic they are easier to dispose of after use. The Starbucks
cup is made up of mostly paper and it also contains a petro–chemical based polyethylene plastic,
which makes it impossible to recycle. Starbucks has an optional sleeve for the cups to protect your
hands from burning from the hot temperatures of the beverages. The sleeves are made out

Ancient World Exhibitions
Although the St. Petersburg Museum of Fine Arts' collection holds many treasures from a variety of
eras and cultures, three pertained most to this course. Within the "Ancient World" exhibit, a
Cycladic Idol, a Roman copy of Greek artist Praxiteles's statue of Aphrodite, and a Red–figure
Krater are on display. All three artworks trace the progression of Greek culture and the later Romans
who imitated much of Greek culture and art. The St. Petersburg Museum of Fine Arts, or MFA, is
curated both by era and by culture. For example, the "Ancient World" room contains art from a
particular time period and a variety of cultures; however, the "Art of the Americas" room is made up
of art from a specific culture over a large amount of time. All of the works mentioned above were
placed within the "Ancient World" room. The curator chose to place the statue of Aphrodite on a
pedestal in the center of the room, so it is the first thing visitors see when they enter the room. To its
right, the Cycladic idol and other sculptures from the ancient world are on display. At the other end
of the room, a collection of Ancient Greek and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The purpose of such marble figurines is a mystery, although it is assumed they served a mortuary
purpose due their being found in graves (Sayre, 2008). Not much is known about this early
civilization that occupied the Cyclades, a group of islands in the Aegean Sea ("Early Cycladic,"
2000). What little historians do know came from figures like this one, ranging in size from a few
inches tall to life–sized (Sayre, 2008). According to scientific analysis, many of the sculptures were
once painted, especially those of the Spedos type like the MFA's example ("Early Cycladic," 2000).
Cycladic figurines are the earliest and only known depictions of nude females in Greek art
preceding Praxiteles' nude Aphrodite in the 4th century B.C.E ("Anonymous, Cycladic,"

The Importance Of Soil And Evaluation Of Taxonomic Evidence
Introduction
Using an object centred approach this narrative will attempt to go beyond the subject's simple
classification of a 'red–figured Stamnos (The British Museum, n.d)'. Analysis of function, status and
meaning of this Stamnos provide evidence of how it has changed over time. This is further achieved
by examining the production, consumption and afterlife of 'Attic pottery (Hughes et al., 2014, p.60)'.
Production
To begin, an intrinsic measure of soil and evaluation of taxonomic evidence identifies this Stamnos
as between 450BC–440BC of Athenian provenance. Raw material excavated from a clay bed then
transported to the 'Kerameikos (Wiley Online Library, 2012)' became divided into component
quantities. For decoration a portion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Attic vases gained their distinctive red and black colours from this method of firing, presenting a
genre known as 'red figure painting (Hughes et al., 2014, p.92)'. Consequently, in black figure
painting the colours are reversed. Often, the addition of White paint distinguished females, who
were otherwise underrepresented in often misogynistic evidence from ancient Greek literature.
Consumption
Meanwhile, assiduous 'ethnography (Harrison et al., 2014, p.14)' provides evidence of the
consumption habits of Ancient Greeks. High end pottery, designed to promote the owners status,
included the addition of precious metals. Society's elite paradigm of leisure included boisterous
'drinking games (Hughes et al., 2014, p.92)'. This Stamnos functioned as a vessel for mixing wine
enjoyed by heavy drinking Greeks who seldom enjoyed their wine 'neat'. The average Ancient Greek
pursuing a life of temperance regarded Attic pottery as affordable, functional, 'multipurpose
containers for everyday domestic use (Hughes et al., 2014, p.92)'. Proclivities towards Attic pottery,
'particularly through marriage and funeral ceremonies (Hughes et al., 2014, p.92)' maintained the
Ancient Greek's piety. Mythical narratives within Attic pottery appealed greatly not only to modern
collectors but to Romans and Etruscans before them. An example of this appears on this Stamnos, in
the form of the iconography upon the warrior's shield.

Geometric Krater Essay
Geometric Krater The Geometric Krater is a magnificent piece of Greek Art. In the eight century,
vase painting became very popular. The vases show a great show a great variety of style and
development over the centuries, beginning with the geometric and very linear style. They then
continued through the oriental style which borrowed images from the eastern world, and into the
classical era with mythology portrayed with as much classical accuracy as the ancient Greek potters
and painters could muster. The majority of the vases were made of a ceramic material which could
easily be used for everyday uses, however in this time, the artists would then paint on them in order
to decorate them and make them ornate enough to be used for ... Show more content on
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In the upper band, the shroud, raised to reveal the corpse is an abstract checkerboard–like backdrop,
and the funerary couch has only two legs because the artist had no interest in suggesting the depth or
representing space," ( Kleiner 94). This is a typical aspect of geometric design. The people, animals,
and objects are all two dimensional. The figures are actually made up of very simplified shapes, not
meant to be realistic looking. Upon examining one of the people depicted on the vase one may see
that the bodies are comprised of only basic shapes. The torso is made of a triangle, while the head is
a combination of circles. Even the arms are slender rectangles with triangular hands. The painters
were not focused on the realistic aspects, but rather the symbolic representation. In their defense, it
is clear to the viewers that the figures are people without the painters having to spend an enormous
amount of time on them. Upon researching the geometric style of Greek vase painting, I realized
exactly how unique the style is compared to all other types of vases, even other vases made by the
Greeks themselves. After the geometric style care the orientalizing style. Though the orientalizing
style sequentially follows the geometric style, it does not follow it in other aspects. Rather than
having a very linearly organized style of painting decorating the pot, the oriental style is much more
freely moving. The pictures were much more scattered and

Twelve Labors Of Hercules
The myth of the Labors of Hercules started when King Eurystheus gave Hercules the task of slaying
the Nemean Lion. The vase, Neck–Amorpha, was made in 515–510 BC. The painter, though
unknown, is attributed to what is known as the Berlin painter. Any work of art of this time period
has a sort of reason as to why it is made. This could be to bring on some sort of emotion, action, or
worship. It also can be to bring life and picture to a myth, like Neck–Amorpha has done. Before
diving into some of the reasoning's and importance of this vase, the Berlin Painter must be
recognized for who they were.
The Berlin Painter, was a Greek attic painter that was thought to be the rival to Kleophrades Painter.
Both of whom were thought to be the most famous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Feelings of safety, happiness, and even fearlessness can be taken in from this vase. The monsters
and dangers that were ended or killed by Hercules ravaged areas. In the case of the Nemean Lion, it
was terrorizing the area, killing many farm animals, people, and whoever sought to kill it. With the
lion dead, the people could feel safe in their travels and daily living. With this safety, people can feel
more happiness in their everyday lives, without having to worry about the lion that for so long
terrorized them. This could be the reason that the Berlin Painter created this masterpiece. It can
bring so many emotions into the mind. The final emotion that can be pulled out is a sense of
fearlessness. Life in this time period to most can be terrifying, due to the lack of what we have in
today's world, and so many predatory animals that can wreak havoc among us. With the Nemean
Lion out of the picture, the people have less to fear out in the wilderness, contributing to the other
emotions that can possibly be felt through this work of art. Athena can be seen in the background,
sort of looking over Hercules while he is strangling the lion. It seems this could be seen as how the
gods are always looking over even mortals throughout their lives and adventures. This could
emphasize the importance of worship to the gods, keeping the people

Similarities and Differences Between Ancient Greek and...
Part A: Plan of Investigation Artists created their own unique style in Greek culture and with the
creation of the Roman Empire, Greek artwork had been spread throughout the region. When the
empire eventually split and faded from existence, Greek artwork had left its mark on the remaining
civilizations. Because Byzantium had arisen from the ashes of the Roman Empire, Byzantine
artwork incorporated aspects of Greek art within their own artwork. The purpose of this
investigation is to compare and contrast art in ancient Greece and Byzantium. Recognizing the
similarities and differences between two related cultures is vital in understanding the evolution of art
from one culture to another. Within this investigation designs/patterns and ... Show more content on
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Material found in both the pot itself and the glaze painted on its surface were similar in composition.
Sculpture
Marble, limestone, bronze, terra–cotta, wood and a combination of gold and ivory known as
chryselephantine were mediums of ancient Greek sculptures used in the fifth century BCE. Statues
were often adorned with pearl, gold, jewels and accessories to give them a more vivid appearance.
Most statues were of male men athletes (naked), entities and mythological creatures such as
centaurs. Many statues of significant figures were created after their death. Interest in the female
nude body (divinity) later became more popular amongst Greek sculptors. In the fourth century,
characterization came into play. Characterization focused on creating sculptures that were of no real
person.
Art in the Byzantine Golden Age
Sculpture and Ivories
Sculptures from the thirteenth century CE were almost exclusively limited to large cities and
monuments and for decoration rather than a religious purpose. The largest religious statues were
ivory carvings of the Virgin Mary and did not exceed 12 inches tall. Ivory plaques were often 12
inches tall and were placed in caskets, reliquaries, manuscript covers and furniture. A block of ivory
was soaked in water and then carved while the material was porous and easier to carve. Some tools
used were burins, scalpels, gouges, files, stylets, knives and drills.
Mosaics
Tesserae were

Comparison Of Amphora With Nike And Youth
Comparison Essay CA painter &Amphora with Nike and Youth Myths and monument / LO1 – 232
Fall 2017 Zihan Zhong The greek pottery has a wide range of type and style, especially the vase.
The painted vessels show us the greek art's history and let us know more about the ancient Greeks'
mind and life. CA painter's bell krater is a large earthenware with painting around its center part. As
a bell shape vase, it has a large opening and a round body. The broad body makes it perfect for
mixing and containing. Close to the top, it has two horizontal upturned handles. The body becomes
narrower as it goes down. On the bottom, it has a small round footer that supports the whole krater.
The majority of the earthenware is black and the paintings' color is brown with red undertone.
Painter also applied white to decorate the details. The surface is smooth, but the evidence of slip is
really obvious. The color is not applied evenly and patchy. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Its mouth is much smaller compare to the krater. Following that it has a thick neck and two curved,
arch–like handles on the two sides. The neck meets the body at a sharp angle. The body has a large
curve and it also gets narrower. The decoration on this amphora is really simple. The painting
appeared only on front and back side. It is also red–figure, but it has a subtle yellow undertone.
There is only two color on this vase black and brown. It looks much smoother and shinier than the
krater. The amphora looks elongated and elegant. The other one is sturdy and thick. Those
characteristics are also reflected on the handles and

Human Body Sculpture In Ancient Greece And Rome
The ancient Greeks and Romans founded two of the western world's great civilizations. Being able
to produce an array of contributions to the arts, literature, theatre, politics, and philosophy. They
were both large conquerors around the Mediterranean sea. The Romans loved Greek culture and
even though they had copied Greek statues, paintings, and architecture; they also decided to adopt
the Greek gods. The gods were renamed to Jupiter, Neptune, and Venus. Unlike the Greeks who
looked for idealistic features in their sculptures. The Romans were more interested in portraiture of
real people, they sought for the true likeness of their subjects. The Romans also used their art as a
propaganda to promote a political agenda and to glorify emperors and their exploits. Starting with
the Greek artists who have accomplished at creating precisely what the society had urged them to
create. The creation of a truly realistic human body sculpture. The sculptures that were made looked
very lifelike and amazingly realistic. They have created and achieved their goal in using art as an
imitation of life. In Greece the athletes basically performed in nude. Male that were physically ...
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These free standing sculptures were life–sized and were normally made in marble. tHE greeks
created sculptures similar to the Egyptians, by the way they are stood upright, have their arms by
their sides, and legs were apart. Then they created the kouros and kore sculptures that stood upright
with their left foot in front, arms at their sides, and looking forward. Just as the kouros statue
seemed to be connected to Apollo, the kore represented Athena. The kore is also known as korai or
maidens that were female free standing sculpts. Kore were fully clothed unlike the kouros. They
seem to look more relaxed and always has an arm drawn–out

Many People Only Think Of The Ancient Greeks As The Inventor
Many people only think of the ancient Greeks as the inventor of the Olympics, but they had many
artistic accomplishments as well. They influenced art for centuries after the philosopher Protagoras
claimed, "man is the measure of all things", as the human body became the central focus of ancient
Greek art. No discussion of Greek history would be complete without mention of the art of ancient
Greece. Its classical Greek art and architecture has left its mark throughout the ages and across the
world. Greek art is categorized under three headings; the archaic period, the Classical period, and
the Hellenistic period. Some experts would also add a fourth heading: the geometric period, which
preceded the archaic style.
When we think about the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The whole war started because Athens supported the Ionian Greeks when they were rebelling in
Anatolia against the Persians. That made the Persian king Xerxes mad, so he led two major
campaigns against the Athenians, and the Athenians enlisted the help of all the other Greek city–
states. In the wake of their shared victory, the city–states began to see themselves as Greeks, rather
than Spartans, or Athenians. Leading into the Golden Age, Athens emerged as the de facto capital of
Greece. The defeat of the Persians in 479 BC left a long–standing self–importance on the Greek
society and its civilization. With the Athens domination of Greece in every way, it 's not surprising
that the Athenian influence is plain to see in art. Many great things happened during the Golden
Age, including the Parthenon, the Parthenon was a temple that became a church, then a mosque, and
then an armory before finally settling into a ruin.
You also had political leaders like Pericles, whose famous funeral proclamation of the value of
democracy was given shortly after the first battles of the Peloponnesian war. As Funerals after such
battles were public rituals, Pericles used the occasion to state, "If we look to the laws, they afford
equal justice to all in their private differences... if a man is able to serve the

Greek Vs. Greek Art
Ancient Greek stands in an important position in the art history. Classical and Hellenistic period are
the most impressive periods of Greece. There are many values of Greek 's culture become the
fundamental principle of today 's civilization especially for the weatern society. Greeks created the
concept of democracy and make a huge contributions in the fields of science, literature and art.
Moreover, the Greeks also imagined their gods into humans and their humans into gods. The Greek
ideal is to become a perfect individual and the representation of attractive human beings. It became
the focus of the artists in Greek. Greek ideal is one of the most important cultures of Greece and it
has a great influence of Greek religion, philosophy and society. The art work of Archaic, Classical
and Hellenistic Period have proved that Greek has achieved their lofty goals in many aspects of their
civilization. According to the "Idealism in Greek Art" written by Percy Gardner, he mentions that
with the growth of naturalism in Greek sculpture, they have a of idealism of Greek. However
whereas naturalism grows steadily and has no sets–back, Greek idealism have more influence on
social and political conditions. (Gardner 420) The society of ancient Greek was based on a devotion
to the highest standards of brilliance. They are very enthusiasm to be perfect and they expressed the
perfection of human being into three aspects which are the body, mind and spirit. The ancients
Greeks went to the gym

Roman Life Research Paper
Comparing Sculpture and Painting in Roman Life
Introduction
When contemplating the art forms of sculpture and painting, in ancient Rome, one has to consider
not only how they differ in form but also how they differed in use. Although both art forms were
used for a sense of status, one is deeply rooted in realism and the other in fantasy. In order to
compare these two distinct art forms, I will first look at them individually and discuss their uses in
Roman life, then I will draw conclusions based on my findings.
Discussion
Following the Second Macedonian War, (200–197BCE), the influence of Greek sculpture was
greatly felt in Rome and many imitations of Greek brass sculptures were being reproduced in marble
for Roman patrons. The Greeks emulated the Egyptians in their pursuit of the ideal male physical
form, the kouros, or youth, often sculpted in the form of an athlete or a god. Roman sculpture
evolved, with a strong influence from the sacred wax imagines, portraits of ... Show more content on
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Pompeii and the surrounding areas around Mount Vesuvius are where many are found well
preserved, after being buried for so many years. The paintings can be classified into distinct styles;
the first style are paintings done to imitate the marble panelling found in wealthy homes (Ambler,
n.d.). The second style uses illusion to trick the eye; architectural forms such as columns and
masonry, windows over looking imagined gardens, vases sitting on shelves, tables that seem to
project from the wall. With the use of depth perception, and shadow, mythological scenes and
fantastic animals seem to recede into the space of the wall (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004). The
third style portrays exotic and stylized architectural elements depicted on a flat colored surface. And
finally, the fourth style incorporates all three previous

Visual Analysis Paper FINAL
Karen Ibrahim ARH131 – Q Joel Hollander 3/2/15 Visual Analysis Paper The Dark Age of Greece
refers to a period of time where all knowledge of Mycenae construction, painting, sculpture, reading
and writing disintegrated due to Dorian invasion. One form of art that continued through the period
of the Mycenaean downfall was the art of pottery. Pottery, more specifically vase painting, was the
beginning of an illustrative development in Greek art and was considered a durable form of art
because it ensured the survival of artifacts for long periods of time unlike other forms of art. The
emergence of independent city–states within Greece took place around the 8th century, which in turn
led to the formation of colonies to facilitate trade ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One last piece of art that shows a significant transformation in the geometric period is the sculpture
of Hero and Centaur pictured on the right. It is considered geometric because it is small in scale and
the figures have simple stylized shapes. You see again the small torso on the animal–like figure and
on the human figure that is shown nude and anatomically correct. The animal figure is actually
human in the front and horse in the back with legs on both ends belonging to a different species.
This was an animal–human monster the Greek invented called the centaur and the sculpture reveals
the scene of a hero battling a centaur depicting an early example of the mythical narrative (Herakles
and Nessos). The significance of the earlier mentioned style of painting and this sculpture design is
that it marked a turning point from the geometric period into the oriental period because now
mythical creatures/monsters are introduced, the natural beauty of the human figure is reintroduced,
and the art of storytelling is revived. The Orientalizing Period (c. 700–600 BCE), marked an
increase in population and Greek trade and colonization. Since an increase in cultural interchange w/
the Assyrians and the Egyptians was taking place, Greek artists began to be inspired by their style of
art and incorporated some of their ideas and motifs into their own work. At this time the invention of
the Greek alphabet was

Greek Burial
Burials are one of the most used archaeological sites for scholars to gain insight and information on
all civilizations, and in this case Greek civilizations. In his book Ethnic Identity, Stuart Hall makes a
strong argument illustrating that "social structures may be articulated and projected through funerary
ritual" and this may be undeniable (). Greek burial customs depict a parallel with society and their
standards of living throughout time; focusing on the Bronze Age and into the Classical Period, the
changing society of Ancient Greek shows the development of these burials.
Beginning with Bronze Age Greece, Heinrich Schliemann found and excavated one of the two most
popular shaft graves from the period. In Mycenae Heinrich Schliemann found ... Show more content
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Imports of precious metals and animal friezes were found in the Athens cemeteries and were
indicative of Eastern influence (Biers 128). Athen's blacksmith's skill can be seen in their use of gold
foil shaped, as well as, gold jewelry found in a graves such as one from 850 in Athenian agora
(Biers 127). Another find in the Athens cemetery of Kerameikos were the ivory female figurines
with four other statuettes in the 3rd quarter of the 8th century. These figurines were imitations of
eastern figures but Greeks placed their geometric flare onto the naturalistic style (Biers

Greek ' Ideal And Greek 's Achievement
Ngo Chun Cheng
Professor Simon Pennington
Art 2AH
15 June, 2015
Essay Assignment: Greek's ideal and Greek's achievement
Ancient Greek stands in an important position in the art history. Ancient Greek art proper emerged
during the eigth century BCE. Classical and Hellenistic period are the most impressive eras of
Greece. There are many values of Greek 's culture become the fundamental tenets of today 's
western civilization. Greeks created the concept of democracy and make a huge contributions in the
fields of science, literature and art. Ancient Greece 's art and architecture also have a strong
influential to western society. Moreover, the Greeks made their gods into humans and their humans
into gods. The perfect individual became the Greek ideal and the portrayal of beautiful humans
became the focus of many of the greatest Greek artists. Greek ideal is one of the most important
cultures of Greece and it also has a great influence of Greek religion, philosophy and society. The art
work of Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic Period have shown that Greek has achieved their lofty
goals in many aspects of their civilization.
According to the "Idealism in Greek Art" written by Percy Gardner, he mentions that with the
growth of naturalism in Greek sculpture, they have a of idealism of Greek. However whereas
naturalism grows steadily and has no sets–back, Greek idealism have more influence on social and
political conditions. (Gardner 420) The society of ancient Greek was based on a

Greek Period Of Ancient Greece
The Greek periods were divided into the Geometric 900–700 BC, Archaic 600–480 BC, and
Classical 480–400 BC periods. Greek sculptures were sometimes made in honor of their myths,
gods, goddesses or heroes. The Greeks had many art styles in ancient times. Each period of ancient
Greece had a distinct style to their sculptures. The Geometric, Archaic, and Classical periods all
varied in their styles of artwork. Greek sculptors from all three periods had a fair amount of
influence for their artworks. The philosophies of Ancient Greece also had an influence on how the
sculptures were designed. The Greeks also set the stage for many architectural innovations.
The Geometric period was 900 to 700 BC. A time of a great transformation that led to the founding
of primary Greek institutions. With the development of the Greek city–states came the construction
of large temples and sanctuaries dedicated to patron deities, which signaled the rise of state religion.
Each city–state identified with its own legendary hero or deity. By the end of the eighth century BC.,
the Greeks had created a number of major Pan–Hellenic sanctuaries dedicated to the Olympian
gods. Evidence from the Geometric period has come down to us in the form of epic poetry, artistry,
and archaeological records. There are few archaeological remains that describe the skill of artwork
during this period. Monumental kraters, mostly used as grave markers, show funeral rites and heroic
warriors. The findings of fine metals

Ancient Greek Art
Throughout the Ancient Greek history the numerous works of art were produced by the ancient
Athenians that are still trending in twenty first century. Ancient Greeks demonstrated their valuable
artistic skills in various fields. Every piece that was created by Ancient Greeks was more than art,
their artistic skills were not only based on visual beautifulness, but on storytelling also. Ancient
Greeks created their works of art as bearers of meaning by giving too much detail to the form and to
the decorations to transmit messages. Type of art that I found quite distinctive was pottery. These
clay forms were more than just plates, vases and water jugs. They were like canvases for painting on
such everyday objects the artist told legends of warriors and gods. Greek pottery is a general term
and could be divided into many works of art. However, the specific pottery that will be used as an
example is Ancient Greek vase – Lekythos. By analyzing different depicted images on these works
of art and understanding the painter's messages we could get a little taste of Ancient Greek culture
and the lifestyle of its people. Lekythos is a type of ancient Greek vessel that was used to store oil at
bath, gymnasiums and for funerary offerings. Lekythos has a narrow body with a handle at the neck
of the vessel. It seems as though the Athenians used a term to mean a small oil flask . The lekythos
were used to store all types of oil, but especially an olive oil. Olive oil had a special

Shaping The Values In Ancient Greece
Taylor Hayes Erin Hackman Art History 1001 October 21, 2015
Shaping the Values in Ancient Greece: A Comparison of Two Amphorae The Art of ancient Greece
was centered in the material world and constantly forming and reflecting qualities that the Greeks
highly valued. Some of these qualities include truth, virtue, and harmony. Ancient Greek Art also
reflects loyalty and strong belief in power that Greece held. These beliefs and virtues could be found
on everyday objects such as amphorae. The amphorae Ajax and Achilles Playing a Game and
Herakles and Busiris both tell stories from ancient Greek Mythology that influence the ideals that
ancient Greece kept at utmost importance.
In the late 6th century BCE, naturalism was becoming more important and the black–figure
technique developed in pottery. The vessel that was being created was assembled in separate parts,
first the body, then the neck, the foot or base, and then the handles were added last. The details in ...
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Whether it be that the artist wants to show the power that Greece has, and the loyalty that the
Grecians feel, or that every moment is precious and men need to take the time to enjoy the small
moments that are seemingly insignificant because the human life is fragile and can end at any
moment. Exekias was incredible at creating a vase that told a powerful story because the detail and
attention put into the work was impeccable. The focus could rest on heroic warriors, or mythological
characters and show the identity and personal style of the artist to create a new visual expression for
the Greeks.8 The narratives expressed on the vessels in the Archaic Period and onward showed the
Grecians the morals and virtues that they were expected to have of them as Greek habitants. The
painted vases reminded Greeks of their history

The Wine Vessel: The Red-Figure Volute Krater
Commonly mistaken as a solely Ancient Greek work, The Wine Vessel is actually a piece from the
Greek colony of Apulia; painted about 330–320 B. C. This virtuoso piece, also known as the Red–
Figure Volute Krater, is attributed to the Baltimore Painter who is commonly considered to be one of
the most important and influential of the late Apulian painters. This piece demonstrates the
traditional form of vase painting of mainland Greece, while also having distinct features of Italian
art that separate the piece from mainland Greek pottery. The use of the red–figure technique
demonstrates the strides made in portraying the human body, and is symbolic of the advances made
during the prosperous classical era of Greece. The piece's colossal size demonstrates ... Show more
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Known as Magna Graecia, this colony included Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. The colony became
highly prosperous through active trade and commerce with its Mediterranean neighbors. Athens
remained the lead producer in red–figure pottery, but eventually the style spread to other Greek
regions, especially Southern Italy. The regional schools of South Italian vase painting flourished
between 440 and 300 B.C. Especially, those of the Apulian, Lucanian, Campanian, Paestan cutures.
In general, the fired clay shows much greater variation in color and texture than prior pottery. A
distinct preference for added color, especially white, yellow, and red, is characteristic of South
Italian vases in the fourth century B.C. This was especially evident on Apulian vases, which tend to
be grandiose, with statuesque figures shown in several tiers. The Calyx–krater depicting a phlyax
masquerading as a reveler is an example of a similar Apulian vase that is highly vibrant in color. The
vase focuses on an actor in an elaborate costume (put picture). The use of white, gold, and red are
indicative of Apulian style. Another example of an Apulian vase is the Column–krater that portrays
another Greek hero, Herakles. This vase painting portrays Herakles in a paining of a Marble statue.
On the reverse, other deities surround Athena, the Greek goddess. (put picture) The subject matter of
red–figure vases varied

Terracotta Etruscan Vase Analysis
I saw a terracotta Etruscan vase at the Walters Museum, on November 4, 2015. Created by Micali
Painter, it stands 16¾ high and has a circumference of 10¼, excavated between 500–490, BCE in
Cerveteri, Italy. The museum provenance for the container states that it was purchased in 1902 by
Henry Walters from the Don Marcello Massarenti Collection in Rome ("Black" Walters). A close
look at the vase reveals unclothed, energetically running satyrs. Above them, birds face in the
opposite direction, closer to the neck of the vessel. The wild satyrs with their powerful physique
caught my imagination and attention. The amphora was created in the Archaic Period, historians use
the term archaic, to suggest that a work is primitive, antiquated or old fashioned, ... Show more
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Their use caused them to be indispensable, and their presence desired along with Greek imports. We
can form an idea of the main differences between Greek and Etruscan vases. Greek images are used
for their narrative qualities and symbolism; the erotic pleasures of mortal life and a prospect of
eternal feasting in the afterlife. Etruscan paintings conveyed a clear sense of an exuberant enjoyment
of life, with dancing couples and other human characters looking strong, healthy and filled with life.
The art captured human emotion much better than the more stylized Greek art. During the 4th and
5th centuries BCE, Greek fleets began to plunder the coastal cities, the Gaul's overtook the Po
Valley, and without unity among the citizens, the Etruscans were overwhelmed. Extensive sculpture
and artwork were destroyed when around 396 BCE, Etruscans were overcome by the Romans and
absorbed into the empire ("Etruscan" Collins). The short time period when the culture survived
independently, they created amphora that was magnificent in style, in my opinion, and vital in its
use. The symmetry of the handles suggests the stability of the symmetrical piece. While gazing at
the item, I realized that this ancient and delicate artifact is in remarkable condition. To imagine all of
the individuals that utilized the amphora in some way, and its travels throughout its life during the
last 2500 years, is a journey I will never fully

Research Paper On Ancient Greek Civilization
The Ancient Greek Civilization were around for many, they have been civilization from twelve
hundred B.C. to thirty B.C. The ancient Greek civilization has always been greatly influential since
it has been created. The Greeks have been very influential within; literature, philosophy, music, the
visual arts, and architecture. They are one of very few who believed that the quality of human life.
The Greeks art, literature, and religious believe revolve human interests and concerns. Furthermore,
they were called the one of the first humanists civilizations in the ancient world. There were many
Greek Gods and each of them having different qualities. Some of the most famous Gods are; Zeus,
Ares, and Poseidon. Every one of these gods have special ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
They have made paintings, sculptures, and architecture that has amazed humans for centuries. Most
of the Greek wall paintings has disappeared so our main source of these paintings are vases. During
the first three hundred years of Greek art, they painted with geometric patterns this was commonly
called the geometric period. By the archaic period, the Greeks drew about everyday life and about
scene from mythology. One of the last periods was the classical period, instead of using black
figured style the Greeks used real human bodies. Sculptures in the archaic period to honor important
people specially to honor the victors of the athletic games They were not as realistic but were made
to look perfect. But in the classical period turn the sculptures into more regular positioning of the
human body. The classical Greek architecture were made for the living and not for the dead. They
were temples for them to worship their gods, they had Greek theaters to celebrate life. Both were
used public areas for them so they can all meet together. They also had music and dance, it was
believed it was magical and spiritual. Furthermore, the Greeks made many pieces of literature that
we still read today. Some of their most famous pieces are The Odyssey, Oresteia, and

Social Structure In Ancient Greece

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