Ethanol fumigation in petrol engine

1. Experimental Investigation on Exhaust
Emissions of an Ethanol Fumigated
Petrol Engine

2. INTRODUCTION
• Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional or advanced
fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as
fuels.
• Conventional fuels include: fossil fuels (petroleum (oil), coal,
and natural gas).
• Alternative fuels include biodiesel, bioalcohol (methanol,
ethanol, butanol), chemically stored electricity (batteries and
fuel cells), hydrogen, non-fossil methane, non-fossil natural
gas, vegetable oil, propane, and other biomass sources.

3. PROPERTIES OF FUELS
Property Petrol Ethanol LPG
Chemical
formula
C4 to C12 C2H5OH C3H8+C4H10
Density @20oC,
kg/m3
719.7 789 260
Calorific value,
MJ/kg
47.3 26.8 46.1
Octane number 90 111 1.85/505
Cetane number 20 8 -

4. ETHANOL FUMIGATION
• Ethanol fuel is ethanol (ethyl alcohol C2H5OH ), It is most
often used as a motor fuel, mainly as a biofuel additive for
gasoline.
• Creation of ethanol starts with photosynthesis causing a
feedstock, such as sugar cane or a grain such as maize
(corn), to grow. These feedstocks are processed into ethanol.
• Ethanol fumigation is method to spraying gaseous ethanol
into the incoming air or fuel-air mixture.

5. ADVENTAGES
• Increase brake power and torque.
• Volumetric efficiency increased.
• Brake specific fuel consumption decreased(BSFC)
• Reduce CO,HC and NOx emission.

6. LPG
• Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP
gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are
flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in
heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.
• LPG is used to fuel internal combustion engines, it is often
referred to as autogas or auto propane

7. ADVENTAGES
• High Octane Number and Low Evaporation residue of Auto
LPG ensures high efficiency
• Low volumes of vehicular exhausts like CO, SOx, NOx,
Benzene and Particulates etc.
• Auto LPG eco - friendly, resulting in improving the general air
quality.

8. OBJECTIVE
• To built the dual fuel fumigation engine (Ethanol & LPG)
• To condect performance test.(Fuel consumption Torque,
BSFC & BMEP)
• To find the emission characteristics (HC,CO,NOx) of engine
with varies engine speed at varies fumigation rates.
• To compare the results.

9. COMPONENTS TO BE USED
• Ethanol tank
• Petrol tank
• LPG tank
• Two stroke petrol engine
• Evaporator kit
• Stand

10. ETHONAL FUMIGATIONSYSTEM DRAWING
Evaporatorkit
Engine started by manual cranking
Petrol
carburetor
Ethanol
LPG

11. Engine Specification
• Model= TVS XL Super
• Type = 2 stroke single cylinder petrol engine
• Displacement = 69.9cc
• BrakePower = 2.61 Kw ( 3.5 BHP) @ 5000 rpm
• Max Torque = 50 N-m @ 3750 rpm
• Bore (D) = 46 mm
• Cross section area of cylinder ( A ) = 1661.06 mm2 = 0.0017 m2
• Stroke (L) = 42 mm = 0.042 m

12. Evaporator kit
• LPG vaporizer and solenoid valves are important components in the
LPG Conversion Kits. It is important to store LPG which contains
propane and butane mixture in pressurized containers in liquid
state. This liquid must undergo a phase change into gas so that the
empty space above the liquid in the container is filled by vapour
which is used as fuel. Thus LPG enters as a liquid and exits as a
gas.

13. WORKING PRINCIPLE ETHONAL FUMIGATION
• The fuel and air is supplied from the carburetor already
used in petrol engine.
• Evaporator kit is used to vaporized LPG and Ethanol.
• Vaporized LPG or Ethanol is feed into the carburator.
• Air/petrol mixure with Ethonal or LPG is drown into the
engine during the intake stroke.
• Performance and Emission test are carried out with
testing setup.

14. Two Stroke Engine
• A two-stroke engine is a type of internal combustion
engine which completes a power cycle in only one
crankshaft revolution and with two strokes of the piston.
• This is accomplished by the end of the combustion
stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke
happening simultaneously and performing the intake and
exhaust (or scavenging) functions at the same time.
• Two-stroke engines often provide high power-to-weight
ratio.

15. Two Stroke Engine Intake
• The fuel/air mixture is first drawn into the crankcase by the vacuum
that is created during the upward stroke of the piston. The illustrated
engine features a poppet intake valve; however, many engines use
a rotary value incorporated into the crankshaft.

16. Two Stroke Engine Transfer/Exhaust
• Toward the end of the stroke, the piston exposes the intake port,
allowing the compressed fuel/air mixture in the crankcase to escape
around the piston into the main cylinder. This expels the exhaust
gasses out the exhaust port, usually located on the opposite side of
the cylinder. Unfortunately, some of the fresh fuel mixture is usually
expelled as well.

17. Two Stroke Engine Compression
• The piston then rises, driven by flywheel momentum, and
compresses the fuel mixture. (At the same time, another intake
stroke is happening beneath the piston).

18. Two Stroke Engine Power
• At the top of the stroke, the spark plug ignites the fuel mixture. The
burning fuel expands, driving the piston downward, to complete the
cycle. (At the same time, another crankcase compression stroke is
happening beneath the piston.)

19. Two Stroke Engine Cycle
1=TDC
2=BDC
A: intake/scavenging
B: Exhaust
C: Compression
D: Expansion (power)

20. Two Stroke Engine Port Timing Diagram

21. Two Stroke Engine Port Timing Diagram
• Intake port opens 35° to 50° prior to TDC position which closes
same amount after TDC place.
• Exhaust port opens and closes 35° near 70° before and after BDC
place, in that order.
• Transfer port opens 35° to 60° in the proceed to BDC closes 35° to
60° after TDC place.
• Ignition takes place with spark by 15° to 20° before TDC place as
charge requires for a while to ignite.
• The exhaust and transfer ports open and close at the same angles
on also side of BDC.

22. Performance Test
• Fuel Consumption ( mf) = ( Volume of fuel consumed in m3 x
density of fuel ) / Time (Kg/sec)
• Torque = ( Brake power in Kw x 60000) / ( 2Л x engine rpm) N-m
• BSFC = ( mf x 3600) / Brake power in Kw kg/Kw.hr
• BMEP = ( Brake power in Kw x60000) / ( L x A xengine rpm)
N/m2

23. Calculation
1)Fuel Consumption ( mf) = ( Volume of fuel consumed in m3 x
density of fuel ) / Time (Kg/sec)
Fuel Consumption ( mf) = (0.00005 x 719.7)/20.1
Fuel Consumption ( mf) = 0.00017903 kg/sec
Fuel Consumption ( mf) = 0.64 kg/hr
2) Torque = ( Brake power in Kw x 60000) / ( 2Л x engine rpm) N-m
Torque = ( 2.6x 60000) / ( 2Л x 1000) N-m
Torque = 24.84 N-m

24. Calculation
3) BSFC = ( mf x 3600) / Brake power in Kw kg/Kw.hr
BSFC = ( 0.00017903x 3600) / 2.6 kg/Kw.hr
BSFC =0.25 kg/Kw.hr
4) BMEP = ( Brake power in Kw x60000) / ( L x A x engine rpm)
N/m2
BMEP = ( 2.6 x60000) / ( 0.042 x 0.0017 x1000) N/m2
BMEP = 21.85 N/m2

25. Fuel consumption results for petrol

26. Fuel consumption results for petrol+ LPG fumigation

27. Fuel consumption results for petrol + Ethanol fumigation

28. Engine rpm Vs Fuel consumption

29. Engine torque results for petrol

30. Engine torque results for petrol+ LPG fumigation

31. Engine torque results for petrol+ Ethanol fumigation

32. Engine rpm Vs engine torque

33. BSFC for petrol

34. BSFC for petrol+ LPG Fumigation

35. BSFC for petrol+ Ethanol Fumigation

36. Engine rpm Vs BSFC

37. BMEP results for petrol

38. BMEP results for petrol+LPG fumigation

39. BEMP results for petrol + Ethanol fumigation

40. Engine rpm Vs BMEP

41. Emission results for petrol

42. Emission results for petrol + LPG fumigation

43. Emission results for petrol + Ethanol fumigation

44. Engine rpm Vs HC Emission

45. Engine rpm Vs CO Emission

46. Engine rpm Vs NOx Emission

47. CONCLUSION
• The results of tests conducted in a LPG and ethanol fumigated two
stroke petrol engine at eight different engine speed, without engine
load to ascertain the influence of LPG/ethanol fumigation on
specific fuel consumption, engine power, torque, BSFC, BMEP
,HC,CO and Nox can be concluded as follows.
• While fumigating LPG/Ethanol to the petrol engine the resulted in
a reducing in specific fuel consumption and BSFC .Also fumigation
increase the BMEP and engine torque. The HC, CO and NOx
levels for fumigation run were less than that for neat petrol run.

48. CONCLUSION
• We compare results with petrol , petrol LPG fumigation and petrol
ethanol fumigation finally concluded that LPG fumigation is give
better performance and emission characteristic, compare with
ethanol fumigation due to there higher calorific value and octane
number.