Speech Synthesis Essay

Speech Synthesis Essay
1. Visual communication: involves incorporating visual materials to a text or a speech such as
graphs, illustrations, and images to communicate our ideas. If used properly, the visuals enhance the
meaning we want to convey, and capture the audience's interest. But it is necessary that they are
relevant and supportive to the content of the message. 2. Signposts: signposts are transitional words
used to introduce a new stage in the speech, and to prepare the audience to the next point. They tell
the audience where the speaker in the speech. Also, they help to break the rhythm of the speech by
bringing the audience back on the track if he or she is prone to being absent–minded by the
monotonic flow. 3. Internal summaries and foreshadowing:
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Nucleophilic Reaction Lab Report
March 2017 Selective Synthesis Dispiro[indoline–3,2′–pyrrolidine–3′,3″–quinoline]
Derivatives and Spiro[imidazole–4,3′–quinoline] Derivatives via
1,3–Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction
859
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niv am cem
02/
On
e–3 de cycloadditio
structure 4
The target compound 7 was prepared by adding the re– ortion. The poxide for–
ave methyl
© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. nitrogen atom from sarcosine and carbonyl of isatin, 4–hydroxy–7–
methoxy–2–oxo–1,2–dihydroquinoline–3–carbo for this reaction, leading to the formed spiro
. The nucleophilic reaction between the
Moreover, the treatment of compound 9 w disulphide in the presence of dimethylsulphate g
Chemistry. The 1,3–dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylide b with dipolarophile 3
yielded ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Anal. for C28H25N3O5 (483.18): Calcd: C
69.55, H 5.21, N 8.69%. Found: C 69.59, H 5.19, N 8.50%.
2–Amino–7′–methoxy–5–(4–methoxyphenyl)–2′H–spiro[imidazole–
4,3′–quinoline]–2′,4′ (1′H)–dione (7). A mixture of 3 (1.0 g,
3.23mmol), H2O2 (0.37mL, 30%), and ethanol (20mL) was stirred at room temperature then added
guanidine nitrate (0.59 g, 4.83mmol) and aqueous solution of KOH
(50%) (1.30mL) were stirred at 80°C for 2 h. The ethanol was evaporated, and water (30mL) was

added to the reaction mixture remainder. The outcome product was filtered off, washed accurately
with water. The wet product slightly still wet filter cover was mixed with ethanol (10mL), and the
resulted suspension refluxed for
30min. After cooling, the precipitate was filtered off, washed with ethanol, and finally dried.
Yellow crystals (0.35 g, 30%), mp 196–197°C (DMF/
H2O); Rf = 0.63 [ethyl acetate: pet. ether (40:60)](1.5:4);
IR(KBr): γ/cm�1 = 3327 (NH2), 3267 (NH), 1658 (CO),
1612 (CONH); 1H NMR (CDCl3): δ: 3.72 (s, 3H, OCH3– quinolone), 3.83 (s, 3H, OCH3–
aromatic), 6.77–6.89 (m,
7H, aromatic–CH), 7.87 (broad s, 1H, NH, D2O exchange– able), 9.83 (broad s, 2H, NH2, D2O
exchangeable);

Ring Contraction Of A Ring
RING CONTRACTION
All the carbons of a ring are equivalent (a ring has no ends like an open–chain compound does),1
ring compounds can be classified as either monocyclic or polycyclic compounds.
As the word "contraction" means shrinking, ring contraction can be defined as the process of
shrinking larger ring compounds which are less strained into a more strained smaller ring structures.
Instead of making small strained ring by chemical reaction which is very strenuous to do, ring
contraction is a process of easing the stress of forming smaller strained ring on their own.
A ring contraction reaction is a type of organic reaction in which usually a hydrocarbon ring is
reduced in size.2 Ring contraction reactions are an important method to increase molecular
complexity in a single step, because, in many cases, the reorganization of the bonds occurs with a
high level of selectivity, affording products not easily accessible by other synthetic approaches.2.
and 3.
The smallest ring compound possible is cyclopropane, this is so because we need at least three
carbon atoms to form a ring structure. Cyclopropane is the most strained ring compound due to the
fact that its carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized, sp3 carbon have an angle of 1090, but the carbon
atoms in cyclopropane are strained in an angle of 600. Scheme 1: Mechanism of a typical ring
contraction
METHODS FOR RING CONTRACTION
Ring contraction occurs through rearrangement of carbon atoms to form a smaller ring structure.
Two

Essay about Acoustic Theory and Synthesis
Acoustic Theory and Synthesis
Frequency:
Frequency means the number of cycles per second and depending on the amount of cycles per
second determines how high or low pitched the sound is and the time that it takes to complete one
cycle is called the period. Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz). And An average human is able to
hear sounds between 20Hz and 20,000Hz.
As the cycles per second increases, the smaller the wavelengths become, therefore there is a higher
frequency which will cause the pitch of the sound to increase or get higher.
If there is frequency of say 20KHz then it is going to be a much higher pitch than a 20Hz because
there is a lot more cycles per second.
Fundamentals:
A fundamental is the lowest frequency ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sustain: This is how long the volume is sustained for during the main event of the sound. Release:
The is how long it take for the sound to fade out. An Example of a slow and fast release can be
found on track 7 and 8 of my logic session which is with my assessment. Filters: Filters can either
emphasize or reduce some frequencies from a signal. There are different types of filters that can be
used. There are different types of filters that can be used. There are also filters that can reject
frequencies within a certain frequency band e.g. band bass or band reject.
High Pass Filter: A High Pass filter lets through all the frequencies above the cutoff and eliminates
the ones below the cutoff frequency. An example of a HPF can be found on track 10 of my logic
session. !
Low Pass Filter: A Low Pass filter lets through the frequencies below the cutoff frequency and
eliminates the ones above it. An Example of a low pass filter can be found on track 9 of my logic
session which is with my assessment.
!
ESM

The ESM synthesizer is a very basic synth to create simple bass and lead sounds that can emulate
the Roland – TB 303 synth because it is a monophonic synth and you cant play chords . With the
ESM you can only choose between a saw tooth and square wave and it only

Compare And Cons Of Ableton Live Vs. Propellerhead Reason
For this report I have chosen to examine audio applications. The two applications that I will discuss,
compare and contrast are Ableton Live and Propellerhead Reason.
Ableton Live
Ableton is a music software company based in Berlin that produces and distributes the
production/performance program Ableton Live and a collection of instruments and sample libraries.
They also manufacture their own software controller, Ableton Push. Ableton Live is a digital audio
workstation (DAW) and software music that is available on either Windows or OS X. It is designed
to be used as an instrument for live performances as well as being a key tool for composing,
recording, mixing, arranging and mastering. Ableton Live is written in C++.
Ableton was founded in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
No midi automation in the arrangement view like most DAW sequencers.
Does not support dual monitors.
It is pricy for the full suite version (over 800 euro).
Pros of Propellerhead Reason:
In–depth audio editing. Easily create parallel channels and effect racks. Equalizer effect is fantastic
in Reason, never used anything like it.
The Reason 8 interface looks clean, and the browser makes the software easy to navigate around.
Has a built in step sequencer.
Supports dual monitoring.
Very affordable than most other DAWs (just over 350 euro).
Cons of Reason:
Can only be purchased in one bundle – Reason 8 and no more.
Not as flexible as other DAWS – only one layout view. Arranging a track isn't as simple in Reason.
Only contains 13 built in effects – some of which are just advanced versions of an effect.
Does not support 3rd party plugins.
The rack unity can become overwhelming when you start routing effects to multiple channels.
Not ideal for live performances.
Ableton Live effects vs Propellerhead Reasons effects
Ableton: Reason:
Auto Filter Limiter
Auto Pan Multiband
Beat Repeat Overdrive
Chorus Phaser

Compressor PingPong Delay
Corpus

Invention Of Electronic Music
One of the largest contributors to electronic music today is Thaddeus Cahill (Lejaren Hiller,
Electronic Music). His telharmonium was created with an assembly of rotary generators and
telephone receivers to convert electronic signals to into sound (Lejaren Hiller). He developed his
invention from 1895 and continued to work on it even though there were no ways for the sounds
being created from the electrical signals to be heard. Speakers or amplifiers were non–existent for
some time even after the development of Cahill's invention, and "his instrument was the ancestor of
present–day electronic music synthesizers" (Lejaren Hiller, Electronic Music). Furthermore, Cahill's
invention spurred the development of other electric instruments such as the electronic organ. In the
1920s, more electronic instruments were invented, some of which being monophonic meaning that
only one note could be played at a time (Lejaren Hiller, Electronic Music). One of the more
common monophonic electric instruments was the theremin invented by Russian scientist Leon
Theremin (Britannica, Theremin Musical Instrument). The theremin produces sine waves and is a"
box with radio tubes producing oscillation at two sound wave frequencies above the range of
hearing; together they produce a lower audible frequency equal to the difference in their rates of
vibration (Britannica, Theremin Musical Instrument)". By moving one's hand or a wand in front of
the antennas, one could control the pitch played by the

Ultrasound Accelerated Syntheis of Novel Benzimidazole...
Objective: Present research work is carried out for rapid development of some biological active new
heterocyclic moieties. Method: A novel series of 3–substituted–1–[1–(toluene–4–sulfonyl)–1H–
benzoimidazol–2–yl]–propen–1–one (3a–3j) were synthesized by tosylation of benzimidazole
chalcones (2a–2j) using ultrasound in lesser time with higher yields. All the synthesized compounds
were characterized by Elemental analysis, IR spectra, 1H, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The
newly synthesized compounds were screened for their α–glucosidases and antibacterial activity.
Result: Biological evaluation of the compounds (3a–3j) revealed that most of them are good α–
glucosidases inhibitors and possess significant antimicrobial activity compared to their respective
standards. Discussion: Amongst (3a–3j), compound 3h showed moderate inhibition of glucoamylase
and compound 3j with compelling inhibition of α–amylase. Compound 3g and 3e displayed
excellent antibacterial activity against all tested strains and admirable antifungal activity against
Candida albicans respectively. INTRODUCTION Glycosidases play an essential role in numerous
biological recognition processes and their function or dysfunction has been implicated in a number
of different disease states, leading to an interest in the screening of different glycosidases inhibitors
(Naoki et al., 2000; Terry et al., 2003). α–Glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.20) constitute a group of exo–
acting glycoside hydrolases of diverse specificity that

After reading the written speech and listening to the speech's audio, it is clear that the audio speech
had a much larger effect than the written speech because the audio speech showed the true emotion
behind the words better than the written speech could. One example of the audio speech showing
more emotion is the line "That's why I leave this stage tonight even more optimistic about this
country than I was when we started. This generation coming up – unselfish, helpful, creative,
patriotic – I've seen you in every corner of the country." This line shows how President Obama
believes the future generations of this country will have many great characteristics, and that they
will lead this country in a prosperous direction. Reading this line

A Man By The Name Of Species By Charles R. Darwin
Introduction
A man by the name of Charles R. Darwin published a book that was titled On the Origin of Species
by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life,
(typically called The Origin of Species). Published in 1859, this book caused a great dispute in the
world of science. You see, in his book Darwin was just trying to answer an age old question "How
Did We Get Here?" without ever referring to a supernatural creator. This book shocked the science
community. Up until now, science was linked to god. The idea to some people that science and God
were not together was astonishing. But to others it was horrendous. These people couldn't believe a
scientist who didn't refer to God as a natural part ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He mainly concentrated on the finches. Many science historians give credit to the birds (Darwin's
Finches) in inspiring Darwin's theory. Let's look at the birds. Bird 1 has thick long beak. Bird 2 has a
thick short beak. Bird 3 has a tiny stub like beak while bird 4 has a short narrow beak. Also their
food preferences varied between the species. The big beaked birds could crack a shell of an egg,
while the small beaked birds could only eat insects. What does this prove? They are a good example
of micro–evolution. They show us that finches can vary in their morphology, and that natural
selection has a role in this. HOWEVER...This study does not give evidence for macro–evolution,
and does not prove that natural selection and random mutation could produce the living world as we
know it from simple single–celled ancestors.
Microevolution VS. Macroevolution
Darwin was able to derail an idea that each individual species on the earth was specially created by
God and could never fundamentally change. How? Darwin compared domestic the domesticated
versions of many animals with that of their wild counterparts. Example. Wild dogs behaved different
from domesticated dogs. Fact most domesticated dogs cannot reproduce with wild ones. Thus
domestic dogs were considered a whole different species however, domestic dogs were only wild
dogs that the breeder trained. Dog breeders would selectively mate these dogs that had allowed
reproducing. This manmade selection Darwin realized this

Solid Phase Of Polymer Bound 2
A 1,3,4–thiadiazole library was constructed by solid–phase organic synthesis. The key step of this
solid–phase synthesis involves the preparation of polymer–bound 2–amido–5–amino–1,3,4–
thiadiazole resin by the cyclization of thiosemicarbazide resin using p–TsCl as the desulfurative
agent, followed by the functionalization of resin by alkylation, acylation, alkylation/acylation, and
Suzuki coupling reaction. Both the alkylation and acylation reactions chemoselectively occurred at
the 2–amide position of 2–amido–5–amino–1,3,4–thiadiazole resin and the 5–amine position of 2–
amido–5–amino–1,3,4–thiadiazole resin, respectively. Finally, these functionalized 1,3,4–thiadiazole
resins were treated with trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane, ... Show more content on
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Lee et al. compared the binding affinity of compounds containing 1,3,4–oxadiazole or 1,3,4–
thaidiazole in the same chemical structure toward CB1 receptor in the process of development of
obesity drug.9 Both 1,3,4–oxadiazoles and 1,3,4–thiadiazoles were also used for the development
potent antibacterial agent by Kumar et al.10 Asai et al. reported dramatic difference in the binding
affinity between 1,3,4–oxadiazole and 1,3,4–thiadiazole toward signal transducers and activators of
transcription.11 Because of these biologically interesting properties of 1,3,4–thiadiazole and 1,3,4–
oxadiazole, these core skeletons have been targeted for synthesis by organic and medicinal chemists,
and as a result, many synthetic methodologies have been developed in the literature.12 Among these
synthetic methodologies, solid–phase synthesis effectively facilitates the generation of various
1,3,4–thiadiazoles and 1,3,4–oxadiazoles in a short time.13 In our own research area, we have
developed solid–phase synthetic methodology to produce 1,3,4–oxadiazoles and 1,3,4–
thiadiazoles.14 However, unfortunately our methodology was limited to synthesize diverse 1,3,4–
thiadiazole derivatives. It was only suitable to generate p–nitro substituted 1,3,4–thiadiazoles
(Scheme 1a). To improve over

Speech Synthesis
As a matter of fact, establishing relevance and credibility are important factor to get an efficacious
introduction. When the presenter establishes relevance, he/she is seeking for two things, to motivate
and to create a clear statement explaining how and why the speech should affect the audience. In
order to keep motivated the audience, the orator should establish he/she credibility or ethos; emotion
or pathos; and logic or logos. Subsequently, the last goal of the introduction is to establish a thesis,
this means to enumerate the main points.
Incidentally, another influence for an effective speech is the conclusion. The conclusion is a five
percent of the speech, and has two main objectives. The first objective is to summarize the main
points.

Personal Statement For My Passion For Chemistry
Through out life had taught me many things. I have found that the true happiness cannot be only
achieved by hard work and acumen, but also by immense audacity for pursuing my aspirations. The
profound crave for learning, invention and teaching in me lead me to continue my education for a
PhD degree.
My temper for science become discernible when I had sudden realization during my senior
secondary school. Throughout the school I was never certain for which career path is fine for me. At
that tie have the propensity for most subjects in terms of innovative and methodical. During, My
school fascination for chemistry spring from my father, who was a chemistry a graduate. He always
says " chemistry is an only science which can make things all other subjects are study". His words
had made such an impact in my mind that I adjudicated to follow my instincts and opted for the
chemistry. Studying chemistry and subscription of Scientific India magazine took ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
My passion for chemistry made all the courses a delightful experience and what I learned there
reinforced by understanding of chemistry. Moreover, I also refined my academic aptness. I learned
organic reactions by systematize and classifying the mechanisms and trying to explain the
involvement of electrons instead of memorizing large number of reaction mechanisms. I especially
like reading textbook of foreign authors, such as organic chemistry by Claydan and physical
chemistry by Atkins. In my final year I also completed an investigatory project on proteins as
biomolecules. The aim of this project was to study about variety of proteins synthesized in human
being. A comparison was carried out between the naturally occurring proteins as enzymes. Due to
paucity of funds in department I had to contained with secondary research only. Seeing my aptitude
for research my project advisor suggested me to pursue career in

Designing A New Methodology For C Bond Formation
The biaryl scaffold has received increased attention as a privileged structure by the Pharmaceutical
industry.16 Over the last two decades, methods for preparing biaryls have relied predominantly on
cross–coupling. The power of this method was recognized and won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in
the 2010, one of the biaryl compounds–biphenyl is shown in (Figure 8). Figure 8. Structure of
Biaryl 1.5 Tellurium Chemistry Tellurium is a metalloid belonging to group VI in the periodic table.
It has many applications in organic synthesis, alloys in machining process, and improves fabrication
properties. Organotellurium compounds have much wide range of applications in metallurgy,
agrochemical industry and material science.17 1.6 Research Objective The main aim of our research
is to develop a new methodology for C–C bond formation by using diaryl, divinyl and dialkyl
tellurides as starting materials. We are going to explore if these tellurium–containing compounds
will undergo detelluration (removal of tellurium) reaction under palladium catalyst to give the
biaryl, bivinyl or other C–C bond forming products. 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2.1
Synthesis of diaryl tellurides The symmetrical diaryl telluride was prepared using aryl iodide and
elemental tellurium as the starting material with the aid of KOH as a base in the solvent of
dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The

The Uses Of Beta Acids
The use of beta amino acids to replace the naturally occurring alpha equivalent has recently allowed
scientist to explore a more stable peptide mimic. The ability of beta–peptides to resist protease
degradation has vastly improved their ability to be drug candidates as well as other therapeutic
targets. As a result, it will be explored in this paper whether or not peptide mimics with beta peptide
backbones are able to function as transporting polymers for short interfering RNA (siRNA). siRNA
has the ability to silence any gene, and has already been shown to eliminate targets in many liver
diseases, including hepatitis B. The challenge in using siRNA is that not membrane permeable
because it is large and negatively charged. In order to harness the therapeutic benefits of siRNA, a
molecule to transport siRNA into the cell must be found. Arrowhead Chemicals in Madison, WI has
shown progress in synthesizing various peptides and polymers to tackle this problem. However, the
need for a more efficient and selective carrier is still crucial. In collaboration with Arrowhead
Chemicals, this research seeks to test oligomers with a beta peptide backbone for their efficiency in
transporting siRNA into a hepatocyte cell.
Be more vauge and broad. Other applications for beta oeotdes. More general. (short interfering).
Negatively charged, easily degraded in the body (proteases)
Introduction
Discovered in 1998 by Fire, Mello and colleagues, short interfering RNA (siRNA) is a small strand
of

Gingko Bilboa Case Study
Gingko Bilboa is an amazing plant source to take alongside the plant that I wrote about, St. Johns
Worts. When taking Gingko Bilboa and St. Johns Worts together, there will be an additional amount
of neurotransmitters such as gamma and niacin. A well–rounded anxiety/ADHD supplement system
is created when taken with an additional source of L–theanine (Editor, n.d.). Thankfully this is an
established plant that is not primarily sought after within areas that may exploit people for their
resources, such as biopiracy. Many areas are warned against foreigners who become too interested
in a natural resource that have healing properties. They are leery, and for good reason, due to the
value of the resource to their immediate needs, and the fear that it will be wiped out with
compensation only in the form of the drug that is then created to be. I do believe that it is important
to compensate the indigenous people for the resource that was theirs and that was exploited.
However, how do you put an expected value for the cost and benefits of something that does not
hold a monetary value, but instead, a necessity to their way ... Show more content on
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Chemists, along with bio–chemists, have tried a number of ways to synthesize the ingredient with
the end result being either too small of a yield, or a yield was created but done so with a complex
route and many issues to overcome (Huang, Wang, Chen, 2014). The reason that it is so difficult is
that the researchers are attempting to fully synthesize the ingredient, hypericin, and want to do so
with a great enough yield to be productive. Synthesis of hypericin without the ingredient itself has
been achieved by using various routes and ending with a 50% yield. However, it was done so with
many obstacles – low yield, varying routes, large volumes of solvents, the high cost of reagents and
solvents, and difficulty in scaling up the reaction (Huang, Wang, Chen,

The Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol
Abstract: The purpose of this lab was to synthesize triphenylmethanol from benzophenone and
bromobenzene by the formation of a Grignard compound with the reagents bromobenzene and
magnesium metal. The bromobenzene was first transformed into the Grignard compound and was
then reacted with the benzophenone to make the final product. The mixture was then mixed with
sulfuric acid and the organic layer was extracted via a separatory funnel. The mixture was then
recrystallized from methanol and was allowed to dry and the percent yield, melting point, and the IR
was obtained. The mass of the product obtained was 5.45 grams and the percentage yield was
determined to be 41.95%. The melting point range obtained from the final product was 89–91°C ...
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5.3 mL of bromobenzne and 15 mL of anhydrous ether was then placed into the separatory funnel
and was shaken and vented in order to mix the solution. Half of the bromobenzene solution was
added first into the round bottom flask and as soon as a color change was observed, the remaining
half of the bromobenzene was added drop wise into the round bottom flask. The mixture was then
refluxed on a heating mantle for 10 minutes until most of the magnesium has been consumed. After
the initial mixture has refluxed, 9.11 grams of benzophenone was dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous
ether in a beaker and was then transferred into the separatory on the reflux apparatus. This solution
was then added to the Grignard reagent at a drop wise rate while stirring. After the benzophenone
was added, the mixture was then refluxed for 15 minutes on a heating mantle. After the mixture
finished refluxing, the flask was then cooled on ice. A sulfuric acid solution was then prepared by
pouring 4.5 mL of concentrated H2SO4 over 50 grams of ice and then diluted to 75 mL by adding
enough tap water to reach 75 mL. The sulfuric acid solution was then cooled on ice. The Claisen
adapter was then removed from the 250 mL round bottom flask and the condenser was then attached
to the top of the round bottom flask which was then put on ice. The sulfuric acid solution was then
poured through the condenser in order to protonate the product. A stirring rod was then used to
dislodge any solid that was stuck to

A Study On Using Enhanced Efficeincy
In order to improve photolytic deprotection with enhanced efficeincy, several other photoremovable
groups have been developed. Figure X.X.X shows o–nitrobenzyl protecting group together with
other common photolabile protecting groups such as 1–(o–nitrophenyl)ethyl (NPE), 2–(o–
nitrophenyl)–propyl (NPP), 6–nitroveratryloxycarbonyl (NVOC), 2,2–bis(2–
nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl (diNPEOC), 4–N–[2–(2–nitropehnyl)–propoxy]carbonyl (NPPOC), 1–
(3–nitrodibenzofuran–1–yl)ethyl (NDBF), 6–nitropiperonyloxymethyl (NPOM), p–
hydroxyphenacyl (pHP), 7–(diethylaminocoumarin–4–yl)methoxy carbonyl (DEACM), and 6–
bromo–7–hydroxycoumarinyl–4–yl–methyl (Bhcmoc) and 6–bromo–7–methoxycoumarinyl–4–yl–
methyl (Bmcmoc). A combination of NPOM and NDBF caging group ... Show more content on
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Rodrigues–Correia et al., 2013 and 2014
Ohtsuki et al., 2016 R = H, 6–bromo–7–hydroxycoumarinyl–4–yl–methyl (Bhcmoc)
R = Me, 6–bromo–7–methoxycoumarinyl–4–yl–methyl (Bmcmoc) C(N4)
A(N6) Furuta et al., 2007 and references therein 1–(3–nitrodibenzofuran–1–yl)ethyl (NDBF) T(N3)
UV irradiation at 365 nm Lusic et al., 2010
Figure X.X.X. Photolabile nucleobase protection.
Photolabile nucleobase protection has been used to achieve exquisite control over biological
processes through light regulation, also referred as photocaging. The concept was introduced by
Engels (Engels and Schlaeger, 1977; Engels and Reidys, 1978) and independently by Hofmann
(Kaplan et al., 1978). Watson–Crick base pairing is blocked by caging groups, completely
preventing oligonucleotide duplex formation. Duplex formation is restored when irradiated by the
light at specfic wavelength. Photolabile groups when introduced at specific locations render the
molecule inactive; however, upon irradiation with light at particular wavelength, the molecules can
be activated (See detailed review by Shao and Xing, 2010; Tang et al. 2013; Liu and Deiters, 2014).
Caging groups can also be introduced at phosphate, 2–OH, and nucleobases (Tang et al., 2013);
however, nucleobase caging has been of particular interest.
Oligonucleotides containing NVOC protecting groups have used as the photocleavable protecting
group at the N3 position of

Dealing with Learning Disabilities Essay
Dealing with Learning Disabilities
"He'll know things one day, but not the next". "She is seeing or writing words or numbers
backwards." "She has difficulty grasping simple concepts". These are comments made by teachers
who have classified certain students in their classroom as having the unfortunate burden of a
learning disability. A learning disability is "a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological
processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which may manifest
itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical
calculations"(Metzger, 1983, p7). Students with learning disorders may exhibit difficulty learning in
a number of ways. Such conditions as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Researching deeper into the definition, the more specific term adaptive technology means "any item,
piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or
customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with
a disability" (Braswell, 2001,p1). Assistive technology has been making it possible for children with
disabilities to do more for themselves and become less dependent on others. For example, a child
who cannot use her hands can operate a computer with a switch and an on–screen keyboard. A child
with speech problems can communicate using a portable electronic device that "speaks". These are
just a few of the examples of the wide variety of adaptive equipment that is available today.
Fortunately for the disabled students of the new millennium, adaptive technology has greatly
improved. Technological developments have been emerging since the early 1900's, but looking back
on the past twenty years, adaptive technology has come a long way. In 1988, Retail point–of–sale
devices began to use picture–based keyboards. This technology was originally developed in the mid
1960's to enable people to speak using a keyboard, computer, and speech synthesizer (Jacob, 1999).
Today, these picture–based keyboards enable retail establishments to employ individuals, who, for
one reason or

Biological Processes Through Light Regulation Essay
Photolabile nucleobase protection has been used to achieve exquisite control over biological
processes through light regulation, also referred as photocaging. The concept was introduced by
Engels (Engels and Schlaeger, 1977; Engels and Reidys, 1978) and independently by Hofmann
(Kaplan et al., 1978). Watson–Crick base pairing is blocked by caging groups, completely
preventing oligonucleotide duplex formation. Duplex formation is restored when irradiated by light
at a specfic wavelength. Photolabile groups when introduced at specific locations render the
molecule inactive; however, upon irradiation with light at a particular wavelength, the molecules can
be activated (See detailed review by Shao and Xing, 2010; Tang et al. 2013; Liu and Deiters, 2014).
Caging groups can also be introduced at phosphate, 2′–OH, and nucleobases (Tang et al., 2013);
however, nucleobase caging has been of particular interest.
Oligonucleotides containing NVOC protecting groups were used as the photocleavable protecting
group at the N3 position of thymidine, and duplex formation was achieved by photoradiation at 365
nm for 5 h (Iwase et al., 2003).
NPOM–caged dT (X) introduced by the Deiters group is of particular interest. Figure 2.1.39 shows
the synthesis of NPOM–caged thymidine phsophoramidite S.62 (Lusic et al. 2007) from nucleoside
S.63 using reagent S.64, and DNA incorporating NPOM–caged thymdine was prepared by standard
phosphoramidite chemistry and irradiated at 365 nm to afford active

Freedom Of Speech Synthesis Essay
I believe freedom of speech is the most important freedom for the society's advancement. Having
freedom of speech is crucial because it allows people the right to express themselves without the
worry of persecution. Our society would not be able to socially advance without the freedom of
speech. Acknowledging different thoughts and opinions into conversations allows changes for the
better.
Freedom of speech is critical considering that people shouldn't be fearful to show their thoughts and
beliefs. We live in a country that has freedom of speech. For this, we are very fortunate because
throughout history and even today many people were and are not as fortunate to have the luxury of
expressing themselves without having to worry of variant forms ... Show more content on
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This is very important because openly expressing ideas, is very beneficial to our society's
advancement. Sharing different thoughts and opinions in the United States is good because it allows
people to from a different point of view. Freedom of speech has granted people the chance to speak
out about their contrasting opinions on helping our society. We live in a society where citizens can
speak out against things that are wrong and that will hopefully lead to a better society. Martin Luther
King Jr. is an example of how this freedom works at its best. He spoke out against segregation and
exercised his freedom of speech by giving his famous "I Had a Dream" speech which lead to many
people understanding that segregation is wrong and needs to be changed. I believe that this has
helped change our society for the better. Freedom of speech has improved everyone's life because it
has made our country succeed throughout history. Freedom of speech and the other freedoms have
affected the history of our country for the better. Our society has advanced a lot since the day the
constitution was signed. Freedom of speech affects me personally because it allows me to have my
own personal opinions and thoughts that I am allowed to share it with others. I am not forced to
believe a certain way, and I am not restricted from expressing my opinions. I am grateful to have the
freedom of speech because,

Research Paper On Pyrrolo
5.1. Introduction to Pyrrolo[1,2–a]quinoline
The chemistry of fused nitrogen heterocycles is very important because of their occurrence in
numerous natural products and their versatile applications in the pharmaceutical industry and
materials science 1. Among various synthetic approaches for fused nitrogen heterocycles,
pyrrolo[1,2–a]quinolines and their oxidized and reduced forms are widespread among natural
products and biologically active pharmaceuticals 2. Moreover, the skeleton of pyrrolo[1,2–
a]quinoline exists in many biologically active natural alkaloids such as gephyrotoxin (Fig. 5.1),
which is a substituted perhydropyrrolo[1,2–a]quinoline that was isolated by Daly and co–workers in
1977 from secretions of the frog Dendrobates histrionics 3 Moreover, the isolation of gephyrotoxin a
natural alkaloid with pyrrolo[1,2a]quinoline skeleton, which was subjected to numerous studies to
investigate its biological activity and has been a target for total synthesis 4.
Scheme 1. A few examples of pyrrolo[1,2–a]quinoline–containing natural products and
pharmaceuticals.
Pyrrolo[1,2–a]quinoline (Fig 5.2) and synthesis of its derivatives were reviewed in 2003 by El–
Sayed and El–Sayed 5. In literature, new methods or the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
An efficient method for the synthesis of fourteen novel diversified pyrrolo[1,2–a]quinoline
derivatives has been described using 4–(1,3–dioxolan–2–yl)quinoline and different phenacyl
bromides in acetone and followed by reacting with different acetylenes in DMF/K2CO3. The
structure of the newly synthesized compounds was determined by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass
spectrometry and elemental analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity revealed that, among all the
tested compounds 5n has exhibited maximum scavenging activity with ABTS. The compound 5b
has showed good antiproliferative activity as good inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine

Porphyrin
There are many unique compounds that can be synthesized using methods of chemistry that are
serve as biological importance in the human body. Porphyrins are an example of one of these
compounds and it helps create many substances utilized by the body, like hemoglobin (National
Library of Medicine, 2013). Porphyrin, when it is in its purified form, can be mixed with several
metals to form metalloporphyrins, for example if magnesium s the metal mixed with the porphyrin it
can create chlorophyll (Weldegirma, 2014). An important characteristic to porphyrin is that it is
aromatic and this is determined by utilizing Huckel's rule. Huckel's rule simply uses two different
formulas, 4n+2 and 4n, and the amount of pi electrons present in a compound to determine if a
compound is either aromatic or non aromatic. One must simply count up the amount of delocalized
pi electrons present and if it is satisfied by 4n+2 it is aromatic, but if it satisfied by 4n then it is
nonaromatic. For example, porphyrin has 18 delocalized pi electrons, it cannot be nonaromatic
because if one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A possible explanation for a low percent yield is that the starting materials did not completely react
with each other meaning that the reaction did not produce the full amount of product possible, which
could be avoided by allowing the reflux to continue for more time. For copper tetraphenylporphyrin
the theoretical yield was 0.023g and the actual was 0.0274g, making the percent yield 118%.
Possible explanation for a large percent yield could have been due to the product not being
completely dry when being weighed or the presents of contaminates in the final product. A TLC was
conducted during the synthesis of tetraphenylporphyrin; this is useful in monitoring the progression
of the reaction because it helps identify what is present in the reaction in terms of starting materials
and

As first women, on the stage speaking about how hard you work it was at the heart of the audience.
She touched the moment as if she was one of the audience. She talked about her family. Moreover,
how her husband struggled, as a father before represent as president of America. The way that she
started her speech by classical roots, what I mean that she originally practiced of giving the speech.
In addition, she learned how to speak in a public with skills that only improved by practicing it. She
used an easy word that made the audience to follow and get along with the speaker. She knew how
the audience feels and think about her, despite of that she recognized the audience needs. She got the
attention and the position that influenced on the listeners

Darwin 's Theory Of Biological Evolution
"Evolution refers to the processes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest forms to the
vast diversity that characterizes it today" (Campbell, 1993). However, a lot of things can change
over a period of time. The "Father of Evolution" who is known as Charles Darwin, developed the
theory of biological evolution. This theory has long been debated during and after darwin 's time.
Biological evolution can be seen through a momentous change in organisms by changing of the
genetic composition. Darwin's theory did not only create a topic of controversy, but it was able to
create a way of understanding life through biological evolution.
The traditional Judeo– Christian version of Creationism was strongly reinforced by James ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It had a beginning, but it has no ending. Creation is always busy making new scenes, new things and
new Worlds" (Weiner 3). In the bible it states that all living things were created at the hands of God.
No one has ever desired to challenge the Catholic Church of this belief. Until a man by the name of
Charles Darwin discovered the wonders on Daphne Major. After his survey of the island, he
concluded that there was something about the finches beaks that made them unique to each of the
islands. Making meticulous observations of the beaks he saw that each finch had a specific set of
beaks. This allowed them to adapt to a specific niche in their environment. "What is more. the tame
little birds that Darwin had found hopping around beneath the bushes were unique too. They were
not relatives of blackbirds, walders, wrens, and finches, as Darwin had thought when he bagged
them" (Weiner 28). Darwin speculated about how natural selection is one of the main concepts for
biological evolution. Natural selection consisted of descent with modification, known as a gradual
process over time, heritable biological traits become either more or less common in a population.
When the next generation of that species gains that dominant trait in the population, this is known as
descent with modification. Observing descent with modification is still prominent during that time
period. According to the Variation Lab, natural selection was the driving mechanism for biological
evolution.

My Passion For Organic Chemistry
When I was six, I distinctly remember that my grandfather was diagnosed having an early stage
colorectal cancer. He went through a major surgery and recovered with prescription drugs and herbal
therapies, which appeared to have a positive additive effect. I was inspired by the ability of the
pharmaceuticals in relieving my grandfather's pain, giving him a future, and allowing me to share
more memories with him. My passion in studying organic chemistry arises from me realizing there
is immense potential embedded in the chemistry principles to develop tools for the treatment of
human diseases. Through my undergraduate studies and research, I became determined in pursuing a
graduate carrier, in which I aim to grow into an expert in chemical reactivities and an independent
scientist who can invent chemistry and contribute to the development of pharmaceuticals.
In my sophomore year, I was intensely drawn to organic chemistry in Professor Thomas Maimone's
class. The elegant and logical framework of chemical transformations absorbed me. I learned the
fundamental roles of organic chemistry in drug discovery and became increasingly interested in
solving challenging synthetic problems. I enjoyed the thrill of composing creative pathways to
generate complexity, but also found that my knowledge of organic transformations made me limited.
Therefore, I fostered my chemical intuition on how and why reactions occur through select
graduate–level organic chemistry coursework.
Motivated by a

Coretta's Speech Synthesis Essay
The structure of her speech is well formatted and hits every point necessary to get her claim across.
The exordium was very simple and got everyone to listen, she started with a song that was
meaningful and prepared everyone to listen. The narratio began with Maya saying that Coretta was a
nonviolent person who loved others. Maya also included Coretta's background by informing others
of her birthplace and wonderful destiny which would be to help others. In the partitio Maya tells
others of the type of person that Coretta was by sharing memories. "She cherished women. She
cared for the conditions of human beings, of native Americans and Latin –– Latinos and Asian
Americans." This small excerpt from the text is part of a larger paragraph where Maya goes on to
tell about all the people that Coretta cared for, Maya basically says she cared for everyone. Maya
just as easily could have simply said that Coretta cared for everyone, ... Show more content on
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Anaphora is where the begining words or phrase are repeated and this can be found in the very
beginning of the speech. "She believed religiously in non–violent protest...She believed it could heal
a nation...She believed non–violent protest." Maya Angelou repeated the words "she believed" at the
start of a sentence after sentence after sentence. In doing so, she created anaphora using this
repetition. The opposite of anaphora is also contained within this speech, antistrophe is when the
ending of a phrase is repeated. "I stand here today for her family –– which is my family –– and for
my family and all the other families in the world who would want to be here, but could not be here.
" In that quote she continuously ends each part of the sentence with the word "family." Rhyming is
done within the part where Maya sings in the beginning and end of the speech. Rhyming is not done
within the main part of the speech, but can be expected in song because usually songs

The Theory Of Green Chemistry On Microwave Heating Essay
Objective
The current experiment introduces the concept of green chemistry on microwave heating to
synthesise aspirin, instead of using conventional heating methods.
Introduction
Aspirin synthesis is a popular experiment undertaken in most organic chemistry teaching
laboratories (Montes et al., 2006). Most experimental procedures for aspirin synthesis are
undertaken to study the carbonyl nucleophilic substitution reactions either under basic or acidic
conditions (Polshettiwar and Varma, 2008; Varma, 2010). However, the traditional approaches use
cookbook procedures that fail to allow students to learn how to critically reason and thoroughly
understand the reaction process.
In the last decade, there has been growing interest in the use of microwave irradiation for organic
synthesis. Microwave heating offers various advantages like controlled heating and cooling, shorter
reaction times, and reduction of secondary products (Montes et al., 2006). In addition, microwave
ovens offer a cheaper and cleaner alternative to oil baths present in many organic reactions. Also,
microwave heating is more effective in solvent–free reactions and in those reactions, that do not use
catalysts (Varma, 2010).
Reactions under solvent free conditions is a conducive approach that avoids the use of solvents that
are at times toxic, difficult to dispose or remove, and expensive (Montes et al., 2006). The synthesis
of analgesic drugs has been used to emphasise the advantages of microwave assisted

Multistep Synthesis Chemistry Experiment
Multistep Synthesis of Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone
In this laboratory experiment a synthesis was performed through several separate steps. The purpose
of the experiment was to synthesize tetraphenylcyclopentadienone from benzaldehyde and to run
reactions on carbonyl containing compounds. There was a total of three steps that led up to the
synthesis of the final product, tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. The first step of the experiment was
the condensation of benzaldehyde to yield benzoin. Thiamine catalyst along with water and ethanol
were added to the benzaldehyde, then NaOH was added until the solution turned yellow. After
recrystallization, the product was benzoin. Step two was the oxidation of benzoin to benzil. ... Show
The pipet was put into the top of the condenser and leaving no open spaces. The vacuum served to
get rid of the nitrogen oxide gases that were formed during the oxidation reaction. The solution was
heated for 30 minutes, beginning the time when the first sign of nitrogen oxide fumes were
observed. After the 30 minutes, the solution was removed and cooled for a few minutes. The
solution turned was a brownish–yellow color and all the crystal were dissolved, leaving a liquid. The
solution was then transferred, using a Pasteur pipet, to 3 mL of water in a beaker. The reaction flask
was rinsed to remove the remainder of the solution. The solution was stirred with a glass rod until
room temperature of the solution was achieved. A yellow solid was to form, but instead the solution
remained aqueous in the case of the specific experiment explained here. With additional scraping of
the solution with a glass rod, no crystals formed at all. The next procedure, if the crystals had
formed was to crush the solid with the glass rod and filter the solid until the crystals were dry. The
mass would then be weighed and the crystals were to be recrystallized with 95% ethanol. The
crystals were to be cooled in ice water to get full crystallization and then the crystals were to be
filtered and air dried, then weighed.
Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone: Since the benzil did not form in the previous

Wittig Reaction Lab Report
Chapter Two – Results and Discussion 2.1 Synthesis of 1,3–butadienes 1,3–butadienes can be
synthesised from aldehydes and ketones using the Wittig reaction. The Wittig reaction facilitates the
synthesis of new carbon–carbon double bonds at specific locations in aldehydes and ketones
(Bernard & Ford, 1983). The overall reaction mechanism is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4. The Wittig
Reaction – Formation of a transitional oxaphosphetane and resultant formation of a new carbon–
carbon alkene bond resulting in the synthesis of 1,3–butadienes from aldehydes and ketones.
Protocols for synthesising 1,3–butadienes from aldehydes and ketones have been established in the
literature. The synthesis protocol identified by Greatrex et al. (2014) was ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
034 100 5% 6 2.947 0.707 17 4% a) Yield determined by purity determined from 1H NMR spectrum
analysis following isolation by column chromatography. Table 4 –Summary of 1,2–dioxines
synthesis reaction outcomes The general approach involved transforming each of the 1,3–butadienes
at the site of the terminal alkene bond via reaction with the singlet oxygen. Meso–
tetraphenylporphyrin was used as the photosensitiser to generate the singlet oxygen. The prepared
butadienes were added to a volume of dichloromethane and cooled using a water–cooled jacketed
flask. Reactions were followed by TLC and reaction times varied for each reaction based on
observations. Reactions were ceased on the basis of an increasing prevalence of a new product
appearing at the baseline of the TLC. Products of the reactions were purified via column
chromatography. Two cycloaddition products were observed in each reaction. These were the 1,2–
dioxine resulting from the Diels–Alder [4+2] cycloaddition reaction, and an aldehyde resulting from
the ene cycloaddition

Hydrazino-Spengler Essay
8. Hydrazino–Pictet–Spengler ligation reaction = In this reaction, the aliphatic and aromatic
hydrazines are used as a substrate to undergo pictet–spengler reaction with aldehydic and ketonic
group. As described in the above category 7, the various substrates are used for ligation with
aldehydic and ketonic groups of the proteins, P. Agarwal and research group developed the
Hydrazino–Pictet–Spengler(HIPS) ligation reaction so that the stable protein conjugates can be
developed . This strategy can be used in the development of a prodrug delivery system. The
advantage of this scheme over the other oxime and hydrazone ligations is that the ligation proceeds
very fast near the neutral pH(that is the pH of the normal physiological body) and the product of the
HIPS ligation is showing very long stability in human plasma (approx 5 days) as compared to that of
oxime–linked conjugate (approx 1 day). This was monitered by protein–fluorophore conjugates by
ELISA(42). Scheme 18. Overview of the Hydrazino–Pictet–Spengler reaction. A) In reaction with a
small molecule and B) protein aldehydes, a C−C bond (highlighted in red) is formed between the
indole and the aldehyde of interest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a very important reaction for the synthesis of the larged fused heterocyclic compounds.
Researchers have developed a lot of series of fused heterocycles and analyzed them for their
physiological and therapeutic effect. Many new drugs are there in the market that are being
synthesised from this valuable and novel reaction. The researchers have also undergone experiments
regarding the effect of using various types of substrates, solvent system, catalyts, temperature and
many other parameters on the rate and yield of the reaction. Still a lot of research work is being
going on to bring the modifications in the reations. In short, this reaction has a bright future aspects
in terms of research

Magnesium and MgO
Conclusions For the first trial, after .398 grams of magnesium were mixed with .251 grams of
oxygen, the result yielded .649 grams of magnesium oxide. In the second trial, after .404 grams of
magnesium were mixed with .132 grams of oxygen, the result yielded .536 grams of magnesium
oxide. In the third trial, after .406 grams of magnesium were mixed with .702 grams of oxygen, the
result yielded 1.108 grams of magnesium oxide. All three of the trials yielded different results in the
data table; but, there were only two different empirical formulas, percent compositions and mole
ratios for each of the trials. For the first trial, the empirical formula was MgO and the percent
composition for magnesium was 60.31% and the percent composition for oxygen was 39.69%. For
the second trial, the empirical formula was Mg2O and the percent composition for magnesium was
75.24% and the percent composition for oxygen was 25%. For the last trial, the empirical formula
was MgO but that was after the simplification of the original empirical formula, Mg2O2, and the
percent composition for magnesium was 60.31% and the percent composition for oxygen was
39.69%. In conclusion, when heat and oxygen were applied to the magnesium, the common
empirical formula that was derived from magnesium and oxide was MgO.
Discussion of Theory The purpose of this lab was to find the percent composition and empirical
formula of magnesium oxide. The empirical formula was proven to be MgO and the percent

Synthesis Essay : 25 Di ( 2h 1
ABSTRACT
The titled 2,5–Di(2H–1–benzo/naphthopyran–2–one–4–yl)thiazolo[5,4–d]thiazole have been
synthesized from formylcoumarins and rubeanic acid. Compounds characterized on the basis of IR,
1H NMR and mass spectrometric data. Some of the compounds evaluated for antimicrobial activity
against E. Coli and S. Typhi.
Key Words: Rubeanic acid, thiazolo[5,4–d]thiazoles and antimicrobial activity.
INTRODUCTION
Benzothiazoles are heterocyclic compounds with multiple application and although they have been
known from long ago to be biologically active.1–3 Recently, Racane et al4 have described the
synthesis of bis–subsituted amidinobenzothiazoles as potential anti–HIV agents.
The condensation of dithio–oxamide with aromatic aldehyde was described by Ephraim.5 More
recently, Johnson and Ketcham6 studied the reaction and established the structure of the resulting
parent heterocycles as thiazolo[5,4–d]thiazoles.
Taking the advantage of thiazole as biological active, we also have attempted to explore the
possibility of generation of antimicrobial activity in 2–(2H–1–benzopyran–2–one–4–
yl)thiazolo[5,4–d]thiazoles 7–12, 16–18. These compounds were synthesized from
formylcoumarins7 and rubeanic acid depicted in Scheme I and elemental analysis of synthesized
compounds is summarized in Table I.
EXPERIMENTAL
Rubeanic acid was purchased from sigma aldrich chemical company. 1H NMR spectra were
recorded on a Mercury (300 MHz) spectrometer with TMS as internal standard. Mass spectra

Speech Conversion Using Neural Networks
CS 549 TOPICS IN ARITIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TEXT TO SPEECH CONVERSION USING
NEURAL NETWORKS Project Report Firstly, Artificial Intelligence was used in 1956, at the
Dartmouth conference and from then it is expanded because of various proposed theories and many
new principles developed by its researchers. It is an area of computer science that focusses on
creating machines that can engage on behaviors of humans, solve the computational models for
complex problems. Here Neural Networks are a computational approach to AI, which is based on
the great collection of Neural Units, which models a Human brain as connected large number of
neurons. These neurons are connected to each other to process the information as of the human
brain. Artificial neural network (ANN) learn by testing and training data. The Artificial Intelligence
in brief can be defined as the study and design of intelligent agents. Text to Speech Conversion
using Neural networks: In this project, we are developing Natural Language Processing (NLP),
which is related to processing human language by computer. The base paper for the implementation
of our project is "Natural Language processing techniques in Text–To–Speech synthesis and
Automatic Speech Recognition" Here the base paper we referred depicts usage of natural language
processing techniques which includes the production of audio from the input text i.e., text to speech
synthesis and the inverse process i.e., automatic speech recognition. From this paper we

Using Devices Used For Chemical Reactions
In the material industry, energy efficiency, production cost, and sustainability have become very
important factors now–a–days. There is an increasing acceptance of microwave technique due to its
fast processing, simplicity, energy efficiency and cost effectiveness. It is a tool that not only
provides solutions to industry but also attracts materials chemists who are looking for better and
reliable methods to access new and potentially useful materials. Microwaves devices designed
specifically for chemical synthesis thus make things easier for industrial and academic chemists
alike.1 So, this technique becomes a widely accepted energy source for performing chemical
reactions.
Although microwave synthesis is relatively a modern technique, the first synthetic application was
reported in 1971.2 However, considerable attention in the field was observed in 1986 when
significant rate acceleration was achieved for reactions carried out in a conventional microwave
oven.3 This success aroused scientist to develop more advanced microwave devices designed for
chemical synthesis. Since then microwave is getting more common technique in organic synthesis
and solution phase chemistry.4,5,6 Organic reactions such as esterification, etherification,
hydrolysis, substitution reactions and Diels–Alder reactions have been studied in the microwave
oven and relevant examples can be found in the literature. The application of microwave is not
restricted to organic synthesis as various aspects of

F. Oxysporum: A Qualitative Study
4.0 DISCUSSION
The biological method of quantum dot synthesis using F. oxysporum has been proven to
successfully synthesize highly photostable and luminescent QDs in an environmentally friendly
manner. However, in order to increase the demand for biological methods of production, the yield of
QDs synthesized by this method must be increased. This study considers several factors that affect
QD synthesis by fungi and modifies them in F. oxysporum in order to increase QD yield. The
fungus, F. oxysporum, was treated with osmolarity, pH, heat shock, and light intensity conditions
and the resulting QD yields were compared to that of their controls, which were synthesized under
the commonly used protocol for QD biosynthesis. Quantum dot yield was ... Show more content on
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Also, this fungus can biosynthesize QDs in the presence of light as indicated by the sharp excitonic
emission peaks at 460 nm (Figure 11). The fungus that was exposed to a light intensity of 350 μmol
s–1 m–2 throughout its growth and QD biosynthetic phases had a lower ZnSe QD yield than the
control. The control F. oxysporum was kept in the dark in both phases.
Birla et al. (2013) observed that the absorbance of the silver nanoparticles increased with a 40 W
light. This study used a light intensity 350 μmol s–1 m–2, which is 72 W/m2, and found no increase
in yield of ZnSe QDs. A light intensity of 350 μmol s–1 m–2 may have been too high to allow for
complete reduction of Zn2+ and Se2+ ions to ZnSe QDs. Another possible reason for the lower
ZnSe QD yield in the light intensity F. oxysporum treatment is that the phototropic response in the
fungus may not cause as much of a difference in the release of reductases, which are responsible for
QD synthesis when compared to the control condition. As a result, F. oxysporum may or may not
preferably grow in the dark as opposed to a light intensity of 350 μmol s–1

Example Of The Hegelian Dialectic
1 Hegelian Dialectic: a step by step guide to controlling an outcome.
A dialectical (Divided) method of argument by 19th Century German philosopher, G.W.F. Hegel. It
is a method Comprised of Thesis, antithesis, and synthesis.
The Hegelian Dialectic. A process where the contradiction between the Thesis and Antithesis
resolves to a higher level of truth, the synthesis. Also knows as the Problem, Reaction, Solution.
Its getting to the truth by exchange of logical arguments. When manipulating this method a person
or group of people are swayed to chose a desired outcome. Understanding is the first step to
controlling. This formulaic trick moves groups of people. It is how we get many major changes in
our society.
One guy lights his shoe on fire; now everyone removes their shoes at the airport.
One guy lights his underwear on fire; most everyone gets body scanned. (Opting out is purposefully
inconvenient )
Presenting the extreme cases govern the majority. It is why the defense against a critical thinker is
often grouping them with a exaggerated caricature. "Do you Hate America?" This polar opposite
takes the spotlight off the subject of debate.
When you question claims in the mainstream. You are a "Science Denier". But, as when science said
trans fat are good, later found untrue. Scientist were actually paid to blame Saturated fat over the
real poison, sugar. A truth that took 50 years to get straitened out. Some people exaustedly arguing
with science. And now, the food manufacturers given 3 years to get that proven harmful chemical
out of our food. Meanwhile it is still contributing to bad health. And cause more pain an suffering
than terrorism in our country.
Staying with food. You can find many other examples with Aspertame, Fluoride, BPA's, and HFC's
to name a few. But many will question your skepticism against the FDA. Why group drugs with
food anyway?
How calling CNN "fake news" takes away from actual falsities in the media. Fake news referred to
news reports that are exaggerated or completely false. (Search Pallywood, Charles Jaco, David Cole
or Media Fakery.) Very challenging subjects to discuss with most people. As if the questioning itself
is a threat to the story.

This is how control ramps

Hate Speech Synthesis Essay
Hate speech is defined as "speech intended to degrade, intimidate, or incite violence or prejudicial
action against someone based on his or her race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual
orientation, or disability." There has been a controversial issue regarding hate speech and the laws
that prohibit it. The right to freedom of expression reassures each person the right to express
themselves in ideas and opinions without the government's interference. Hate speech is not
protected by the first amendment and should not be expressed towards others because it causes
harm. In this essay I will talk about the effects harmful hate speech caused to others and to the
groups treated as insignificant. I will also discuss how hate speech cannot ... Show more content on
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Feldman contends that state funded colleges are organs of the state and are much the same as
government, and colleges are intended to be groups of discovering that require dignity and are more
prohibitive than people in general square. Abuse, shouting, and criticizing somebody might be
secured by the First Amendment, yet said discourse doesn't have a place in a classroom. David
Boren, President of the University of Oklahoma has said the understudies were ousted on the
grounds that their discourse was a structure of unfair behavior that made an unfriendly instructive
environment for African American students. Having pledges repeat a chant not admitting an
African–American is racial segregation and by removing the two serenade pioneers from grounds
satisfies the instructive objective of keeping up a non–threatening training environment. In the event
that in the working environment associates said blacks were inadequate for the employment it would
be viewed as oppressive discourse under Title VII, be that as it may, in broad daylight the discourse
would be secured as assessment, yet at work it is biased behavior in the type of

Gesture Vocalizer
Microcontroller and Sensors Based Gesture Vocalizer
Abstract: – Gesture Vocalizer is a large scale multi–microcontroller based system being designed to
facilitate the Communication among the dumb, deaf and blind communities and their
communication with the normal people. This system can be dynamically reconfigured to work as a
"smart device". In this paper, microcontroller and sensors based gesture vocalizer is presented.
Gesture vocalizer discussed is basically a data glove and a microcontroller based system. Data glove
can detect almost all the movements of a hand and microcontroller based system converts some
specified movements into human recognizable voice. The data glove is equipped with two types of
sensors: The bend sensors and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a technical issue at this stage of the project that is if we convert the analog output of the
accelerometer, which ranges from 1.5 volts to 3.5 volts to a digital 8–bit output the systems become
very sensitive. Reason is division of 2 volts range into 256 (28 = 256) steps is much more sensitive
than converting 5 volts range into 256 steps. Now the question arises, why do we need a less
sensitive system, the answer if a more sensitive system is used then there is a huge change in the
digital output with the very little tilt of the hand, which is difficult to be handled.
[pic]
Fig. 3: Amplification and Attenuation Circuitry
Solution to this problem is to increase the range of the output of the accelerometer by using an
additional circuitry. This additional circuitry increases the range of the accelerometer from 2 volts
range to 5volts range.The circuitry shown in Fig.3 is used for theamplification and attenuation
purposes. Amplification means amplification of upper range i.e. 3.5 volts to the 5 volts, and the
attenuation means the attenuation of lower range i.e. 1.5 volts to 0 volts.
3.2 Tilt Detection
The basic function of this module is to detect the tilting of the hand and sending some binary data
against meaningful gestures, to the bend detection module. The output, which is obtained from the
accelerometers after amplification, is an analog output. To deal with this analog output, and to make
it useful for the further use, it is required to

The Science Of Math And Science By Mathematical And...
Some of Earths' greatest questions have been solved through the arts of math and science by
mathematical and experimental proof. However, not all of the worlds' problems can be solved
directly through experiments and equations. Philosophy and theories are sometimes accepted as
truth because there is no other explanation for a mind–boggling questions. Some philosophers or
Scientists were even deemed blasphemous through their beliefs or teachings. Two men, born and
raised in religious and still skeptic times were René Descartes and Charles Darwin who, with their
most "infamous" books, "The Mediation" and "the Origin of Species" would create chaos in the
minds of religious believers at the time but, in the long–run, would be considered to be ... Show
To resolve this, he decides to discard all his former beliefs and conceptions, reconstruct his
knowledge, and only acknowledging information as true only if the statements are unquestionably
true. He believed that he could be dreaming and at any moment wake up. Perhaps God or some evil
entity could be deceiving him and so he concluded that everything he once thought was real was
obtained through the senses and dismissing his own sanity was the only way to obtain concrete
truth.
Darwin also had to accept Rene Descartes beliefs in some perspective as well. Charles Darwin, as
mentioned above, was also raised in a religious home and before his discoveries, he was also a man
of God. Though, as his discoveries overtook his religious perspective, he leaned more towards the
scientific side of things and began to reject his previous beliefs. Thus, he had to, somewhat, also
take everything that he had thought before as false, unless factual truth could prove otherwise. Only
then could he take in his findings as truth, which he did so. He rejected his previous faith and
accepted his discoveries as absolute truth sense there was concrete proof to prove his theory correct.
When Descartes reasoned

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