HARMACY

2. Neuron: Nerve Cell
 Basic structural unit nervous system
 Consists of:
 nucleus
 nerve fibers /dentrites
 axon

3. Nerves
 Sensory Nerves:
 carry messages to brain and spinal cord
from body
 Motor Nerves:
 carry messages from brain and spinal
cord to body
 Connecting or Mixed Nerves:
 Carry both sensory and motor messages

4. A. Divisions of CNS
 CNS - central nervous
system:
 consists of brain and
spinal cord
 Peripheral Nervous
System
 a. any nerves outside
the brain and spinal
cord
 b. Autonomic nervous
system: controls
involuntary body
functions

5. B. Central Nervous System
 1. Brain:
 a. Mass of nerve tissue
 b. Protected by
membranes & the
cranium or skull
Parts of Brain
o Cerebrum
o Cerebellum
o Mid-brain
o Pons
o Medulla Oblongata

6. C. Cerebrum
 Largest section of the brain
 Responsible for:
 reasoning, thought, memory, speaking,
sensation, sight, hearing, voluntary
body movement.

7. Lobes of Cerebrum
 Frontal Lobe: Reasoning and
thoughts
 Parietal Lobe: Integrates sensory
information
 Temporal Lobe: Processes
auditory information from ears
 Occipital Lobe: Processing visual
information from eyes

8. D. Cerebellum
 Responsible for:
 coordination of muscles, balance,
posture & muscle tone.

9. E. Midbrain
 Responsible for:
 conducting impulses
between brain parts
 certain eye reflexes
 conducting messages to
other parts of the brain
 Reflex actions such as
chewing, production of
saliva

10. F. Pons
 Located below mid brain (in brain
stem)
 Responsible for certain reflex actions
 Controls breathing and
communication between different
parts of the brain
 Damage of certain parts of Pons can
put a person to semi-permanent
sleep like state.

11. G. Medulla Oblongata
 Lowest part of brain stem
 Connects to the spinal cord
 Responsible for:
 regulating heart beat, respirations,
swallowing, coughing, B.P.

12. 2. Spinal Cord
 Goes down back of body
from Medulla Oblongata
 Surrounded and protected
by vertebrae
 Responsible for reflex
actions
 Carries sensory and motor
messages

13. 3. Meninges
 Consists of 3 membranes
 Covers and protects the brain and
spinal cord

14. Three Membranes
 Dura mater
 thick, tough outer layer
 Arachnoids membrane
 middle delicate web-like layer
 Pia mater
 inner most layer with blood vessels to nourish
the nerves

15. 4. Ventricles
 Four hallow spaces located in the
middle of the brain.
 Connected to each other
 Filled with fluid called cerebrospinal
fluid

16. Cerebrospinal Fluid
 Circulates continuously
 Serves as shock absorber to
protect brain and spinal cord
 Carries nutrients to parts of brain
and spinal cord
 helps remove metabolic products &
wastes
 after circulation, absorbed into the
blood vessels of the Dura mater.

17. Peripheral Nervous System
 Made of all nerves outside the
brain and spinal cord
 Consists of cranial and spinal
nerves

18. A. Cranial Nerves
 12 pairs & their branches
 Some responsible for special senses:
sight, hearing, taste, smell
 Others receive sensations: touch,
pressure, pain, temperature

19. B. Spinal Nerves
 31 pairs & their branches
 carries messages to & from the
spinal cord
 Both sensory and motor nerves

20.  31 spinal nerves:
 8 cervical
 12 thoracic
 5 lumbar
 5 sacral
 1 coccygeal

21. 5. Autonomic Nervous System
 Helps maintain a balance in involuntary
functions of the body. But allows the
body to react in times of emergency.

22. Two divisions of ANS
 Sympathetic
acts in
emergency
 Parasympathetic
counter acts
the
sympathetic
NS after the
emergency

23.  Sympathetic
o increase heart
rate
o increase
response rate
o increase B.P
o Decrease
digestive
system activity
 Parasympathetic
odecrease heart
rate
odecrease
response rate
odecrease B.P
oincrease
digestive
system activity