The Industrial Revolution and modernist design methods had the greatest influence on the appearance of modern cities. Flexible and compact spaces, connected with each other, allowed cities to adapt to changing economic and external factors that lead to the creation of composite city urban spaces.

1. INDUSTRIALIZATION
AND
URBAN
TRANSFORMATION

2. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PUWANCHAL CAMPUS, DHARAN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
TITLE –Industrialization and Urban Transformation
SUBJECT – Seminar Directed Studies
ARPAN BHATTARAI
PUR074BAR008
DATE-2078/04/31
Seminar on:
INTRODUCTION
The industrial revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great
Britain, continental Europe, and the united states during the period of the late 18 century
and early 19 century.
Based on agriculture and farming War and machinery tools Manufacturing and establishment of factories Shaping of cities
STAGES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• Water and steam-
powered mechanical
manufacturing facilities
• Electrical powered mass
production based on division
of labor
• Electronics and it achieve
further automation of
manufacturing
• Based on cyber
physical system
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION

3. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PUWANCHAL CAMPUS, DHARAN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
ARPAN BHATTARAI
PUR074BAR008
Seminar on:
EFFECT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
Economic Effects Social Effects
Physical Effects
• Increased production and higher
demand for raw materials.
• Growth of worldwide trade.
• The exploitation of mineral
resources.
• Highly developed banking and
investment system.
• Development of new raw
materials for construction,
mainly steel
• Development of machinery tools
and advancement of new
construction technology
• Development of transportation
systems, roads, bridges, railways,
etc.
• Increase in population of cities
• Improved standard of living
• Creation of new jobs.
• Encouragement of technological
progress
• Harsh conditions for laborers
DEVELOPMENT DUE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION
Economic growth Immigration
Population changes
Expansion of cities
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION
TITLE –Industrialization and Urban Transformation
SUBJECT – Seminar Directed Studies
DATE-2078/04/31

4. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PUWANCHAL CAMPUS, DHARAN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
ARPAN BHATTARAI
PUR074BAR008
Seminar on:
INDUSTRIALIZATION MAIN ASPECT OF CITY CREATION
• The changes that took place by modernist design methods, were created after the Second World War.
• The appearance of modern cities.
• Flexible and compact spaces, connected with each other, allowed cities to adapt to changing economical and
external factors which lead to the creation of composite city urban spaces.
• Forced changes in urban planning in most European cities.
THE EMERGENCE OF A THEORETICAL MODEL OF CITY STRUCTURE
Population growth is the main factor for the expansion of a city as physical growth. A predictable land use
pattern results from the interplay of these factors which create models that describe and simplify relationships
among social, economic, and geographic factors that describes the pattern of a city and how it evolved.
THE CONCENTRIC THEORY THE SECTOR THEORY:
1.CBD
2.Wholesale and light
manufacturing
3.Low class
residential
4.Middle class
residential
5.High class
residential
THE MULTIPLE NUCLEI THEORY
6. Heavy
manufacturing
7. Outlying
Business
Districts
8. Residential
Suburb
9. Industrial
suburbs
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION
TITLE –Industrialization and Urban Transformation
SUBJECT – Seminar Directed Studies
DATE-2078/04/31

5. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PUWANCHAL CAMPUS, DHARAN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
ARPAN BHATTARAI
PUR074BAR008
Seminar on:
INDUSTRIALIZATION IMPACT ON CONTEMPORARY CITY STRUCTURE
Historical old towns were mainly considered as the basis for the urbanization of new areas around them
representing new concepts of space arrangement and usage of natural resources.
AN EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF LODZ:
• Agriculture city (17th century) into the
industrial city (19th century).
• In the first half of the 19th century, the
settlement was transformed into a
craftsman town.
• New City district was created in
symmetrical, classicist style with a
geometrical rectangle grid of craftsman
plots composed of 22x280m long plots.
• enlarge the city area in order to locate
new craftsman houses and establish the
first industrial plants.
• The river border is used for the separation between the old town and the
new city and also provides an advantage for production and manufacturing.
Disadvantage of too rapid development
• many structural, spatial, and social
difficulties.
• isolation of the old historical
township center.
• Only the new planned settlement
has got its own town trading
squares.
• City evolution led to social and
structural divisions, which caused
the increasing discrepancy
between the old and new towns.
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION
TITLE –Industrialization and Urban Transformation
SUBJECT – Seminar Directed Studies
DATE-2078/04/31

6. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PUWANCHAL CAMPUS, DHARAN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
ARPAN BHATTARAI
PUR074BAR008
Seminar on:
CREATION ITS UNIQUE URBAN LAYOUT.
• The city was built as a system of factory buildings created in the new inner city, while the old town was
gradually suburbanizing.
• The whole city became an area of mixed industrial and residential use.
• Development of emerging urban buildings.
Change of city structure
Comparison of the public space Qualityon
Kościuszki boulevard. Pedestrian route
transformation into vehicle traffic
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION
TITLE –Industrialization and Urban Transformation
SUBJECT – Seminar Directed Studies
DATE-2078/04/31

7. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PUWANCHAL CAMPUS, DHARAN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
ARPAN BHATTARAI
PUR074BAR008
Seminar on:
URBAN DECAY Areas after suffering from industrial decline
High unemployment Poverty Contaminated land Obsolete infrastructure
CASE OF CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY
• Beginning in the early 1900s, Camden was a prosperous industrial
city.
• Amboy Railroad opened in 1834 and helped to spur an increase in
population, Camden quickly became an industrialized city.
• In 10 years 1860 to 1870 no of the factories grew to 125.
• Population rise from 20000 to 116000 between 1870 to 1920.
• Mainly immigrants were German, British, Irish, African Americans
and Italian.
Effects due to industry
• The ethnic character of Camden changed radically between these decades, and immigrants formed their
communities within Camden.
• They develop different buildings/places within Camden. Like churches, the introduction of different architecture
• Italian immigrants have significant influences on social and political organizations
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION
TITLE –Industrialization and Urban Transformation
SUBJECT – Seminar Directed Studies
DATE-2078/04/31

8. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PUWANCHAL CAMPUS, DHARAN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
ARPAN BHATTARAI
PUR074BAR008
Seminar on:
Decentralized of industries
• Camden manufacturers began gradually closing their factories
and moving out of the city.
• The new work shipbuilding cooperation dropped abruptly
from a height of 47000 during the war and shut down entirely.
• Immediately Camden was dramatically affected by its
economic and social position with loss of jobs.
Impacts
• Sharps decline in population numbers.
• Civic unrest and crime became common.
• The unemployment rate was more than
twice the state average
• Almost half of Camden’s inhabitants lived
below the poverty line.
• row houses built for workers in the 1930s
that were architecturally unique were all
abandoned or torn down.
• The highest crime rate in the united states in
2012 Camden had 2500 violent crimes for
every 10000 people which is 560 percent
higher than the national average.
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION
TITLE –Industrialization and Urban Transformation
SUBJECT – Seminar Directed Studies
DATE-2078/04/31

9. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PUWANCHAL CAMPUS, DHARAN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
ARPAN BHATTARAI
PUR074BAR008
Seminar on:
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION
POLLUTION INCREASES
SUSTAINABLE URBAN RESTORATION
NECESSITIES OF REGENERATION
TOO RAPID URBANIZATION
• Increase in
pollution.
• Degradation
of the natural
environment ECONOMIC DOWNFALL
ECOLOGICAL DEGARDATION
ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY CITY ECONOMIC GROWTH
Triple bottom-line approach
Fulfillment the need of
industrial area in city
Allocation of best
possible industrial land Collaborative solution
TITLE –Industrialization and Urban Transformation
SUBJECT – Seminar Directed Studies
DATE-2078/04/31

10. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PUWANCHAL CAMPUS, DHARAN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
ARPAN BHATTARAI
PUR074BAR008
Seminar on:
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION
CONCLUSIONS
TITLE –Industrialization and Urban Transformation
SUBJECT – Seminar Directed Studies
DATE-2078/04/31
• This study first aimed to momentarily concentrate on the revolutionary process of
industrialization and its effect on the development of cities to give areas of strength for the
conversation about the idea of urban regeneration.
• It examined how ecological, social, and monetary examples of cities changed after the
development of industrialization.
• Decentralized industrial facilities may also lead to urban decay in the city.
• This research explained that industrialization is a major activity that transforms the urban
structure of cities and improper and unmanaged industrial placement make serious damage
to cities.
• So sustainable urban restoration is a key function to installing effective industrial facilities in
the city without economic downfall and environmental degradation

11. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PUWANCHAL CAMPUS, DHARAN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
ARPAN BHATTARAI
PUR074BAR008
Seminar on:
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TITLE –Industrialization and Urban Transformation
SUBJECT – Seminar Directed Studies
DATE-2078/04/31
• Mehdipour, A. and Nia Rashdi, H., 2013, industrialization and City Change, Bauhaus University Weimar, Faculty of
Architecture, Department of Urban Studies and Anhalt University of Applied Science, Department of Landscape
Architecture, Weimar, Germany
• Grabowski, M., 2018, The Case of Lodz, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz, Poland
• Admin, 2015, Link between industrialization and urbanization in terms of development approach, Planning Talk, India
• Editors, 2006, urbanization, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Brazil
• Rees, J., 2016, Industrialization and Urbanization in the United States, Oxford university press, Oxford England
• Admin, 2021, How Does Industrialization Lead to Urbanization, Investopedia Press, USA
• Yunko, E., 2021 How the Industrial Revolution Fueled the Growth of Cities, History TV, New York, USA
• Thompson, k., 2017, Industrialization and Development, Revise Sociology, Educational website
• Walton, J., 1987, theory and Research on Industrialization, Department of Sociology, University of California,
California, USA
• Sharma, S., Theoretical Explanations of Morphological Pattern of a City, Article Library
• Trudeau Elliott, T., 1976, Effect of Urbanization, UN Conference on Human Settlements, Vancouver, Canada
• Gillette, H., 2006, Camden After Fall, Decline and Renewal of Post Industrial City, University of Pennsylvania Press