2. Standing with Kabul
▪ https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/afghanistan-
crisis-unsc-meet-taliban-7444775/
▪ UNSC meeting onAfghanistan
▪ Lack of International consensus on Afghan question
▪ China, Russia, UK, USA, France.
▪ Power vacuum due to withdrawal of USA.
▪ Advance ofTaliban- claims 85% of territory.
3. Standing with Kabul
▪ Indians Concerns
– Vulnerability of Kashmir.
– Fundamental Sunni Regime in
Afghanistan.
– Afghan underTaliban Nurture anti-
IndiaTerror groups.
– Unstable Neighborhood.
– Need for inclusive and sustainable
Afghan Political settlement.
▪ India’s Policy so far
– Based on Non-interference
– Use of soft Power diplomacy
– Developmental assistance- $3
billion
▪ Infrastructure
▪ HRD
▪ Humanitarian
▪ Connectivity
– Committed to reconstruction and
development of Afghanistan
4. Standing with Kabul
Challenges
1. Lack of Physical Access.
2. Military intervention X
3. Can’t rely on USA
4. Tensions with Neighbors
5. Lack of trust onTaliban
6. Betrayal to Afghans
7. Pro-ChinaTaliban
Policy Shift
1. Shift in Policy
2. Engaging withTaliban
5. Way Forward
▪ Soft Power Diplomacy
– Winning Hearts and Minds
– Strengthen Cultural and Political
Relations.
– Backed by Military.
▪ EngagingTaliban
– On India’s Strategic goals
▪ Strengthen Democratic
Institutions
– Parliament
– $ 1 billion for capacity building
▪ USA – Pakistan relation
– Stop tactical support
▪ Revitalizing Chahbahar
▪ Collaborating with Iran &
Russia
▪ Peace & Reconciliation
6. Assam Mizoram border dispute
▪ October 2020
– Encroachment of Reserve forests
▪ July 26th
▪ a 164.6-km inter-state border
that separates Assam and
Mizoram, with the three
Assam districts of Cachar,
Hailakandi and Karimganj
sharing a border with Kolasib,
Mamit and Aizawl districts of
Mizoram.
7. Factors Responsible?
1. Colonial Demarcation
1. 1875- differentiated Lushai Hills
from the plains of Cachar
2. 1933- demarcated b/w Lushai
Hills and Manipur
2. Bangladeshi Immigrants
3. Failure of Constitutional
machinery
4. Competition for land
5. Transportation of Drugs
▪ image
8. Way forward
1. Constitutional Mechanism
– Ar 263 ISC & Ar 131 SC
2. Need for a time bound court
monitored efforts
3. Civic engagement brokered
by Union Government
▪ image
9. Crisis in Sundarbans-Plastic Waste
▪ https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cyclone-ravaged-
sunderbans-is-now-drowning-in-plastic/article35788659.ece
10. Crisis in Sundarbans-Plastic Waste
▪ About Sundarbans ?
– World’s largest Mangrove Ecosystem; only mangrove
forest in the world inhabited by tigers.
– SundarbansTiger Reserve in 1973
– Sundarbans National Park, established in 1984;
– UNESCO
▪ WHS-1987
▪ Biosphere Reserve-2001
– Ramsar Convention
▪ Wetland of International Importance
– Discovery India and World Wide Fund (WWF) India
partnered with the Government ofWest Bengal -2019
for Preservation
11. Ecological Impact
▪ Toxicity ofWater
▪ Eutrophication
▪ Microplastics may enter food
system
▪ May pollute Ocean
▪ Fisheries and aquaculture
▪ Threat to Biodiversity
Steps
12. •Much of the area has long had the status of a forest reserve, but conservation efforts in India were stepped up with the creation of the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve in 1973.
•Sundarbans National Park, established in 1984, constitutes a core region within the tiger reserve; it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987.
•Sunderbans was designated as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 2001.
•Sundarban Wetland, India was recognised as the ‘Wetland of International Importance’ under the Ramsar Convention in January 2019.
•Sunderban National Park is known for its wide range of fauna, including 260 bird species and is home to many rare and globally threatened wildlife species such as the Estuarine Crocodile, Royal Bengal Tiger, Water Monitor Lizard, Gangetic Dol
•The Sunderbans Delta is the only mangrove forest in the world inhabited by tigers.
•For its preservation, Discovery India and World Wide Fund (WWF) India partnered with the Government of West Bengal and local communities in the Sundarbans in 2019.
13. Title and Content Layout with Chart
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Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
ChartTitle
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3
14. Two Content Layout with Table
▪ First bullet point here
▪ Second bullet point here
▪ Third bullet point here
Class Group A Group B
Class 1 82 95
Class 2 76 88
Class 3 84 90
15. Two Content Layout with SmartArt
Group A
• Task 1
• Task 2
Group B
• Task 1
• Task 2
Group C
• Task 1
▪ First bullet point here
▪ Second bullet point here
▪ Third bullet point here
