Tower By Shamim

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Inspection for Tower Cranes
Shamim Khan
Executive Trainee (NPCBL)
Technical Inspection & Industrial Safety (TIIS)
ASME: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASME B30.3-2016
Part 01

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The B30.3 Volume of the B30 Standard
covers electric or internal combustion-
powered construction and permanently
mounted tower cranes. These cranes adjust
their reach using luffing boom mechanisms,
trolley systems, or a combination of both. It
describes different types of cranes, including
fixed and traveling ones that can climb as
buildings grow taller. These criteria apply to
cranes utilized for lifting tasks, with mobile
cranes featuring tower attachments and self-
erecting tower cranes being exceptions or not
covered.
3-0.1: SCOPE OF B30.3

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3-0.2.1 Types of Tower Cranes
3-0.2.1.1 By Type of Application
Permanently mounted tower crane: A tower crane, like a hammerhead or luffing
crane, is set up for extended use at a single location, typically for five years or
more.
Construction tower crane: A tower crane, like a hammerhead or luffing crane, is
designed for frequent assembly and disassembly at different sites.
(1/3)

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3-0.2.1 Types of Tower Cranes
3-0.2.1.2 By Method of Load Positioning
Hammerhead tower crane: A tower crane with a horizontal jib and a load trolley that
traverses the jib to change load radius.
Luffing boom tower crane: A crane with a pinned boom, load hoisting gear at the
outer end, and a mechanism to adjust the boom's height for changing the load
radius.
(2/3)

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3-0.2.1 Types of Tower Cranes
3-0.2.1.3 By Support Arrangement
Braced or guyed tower crane: A tower crane with tie-ins or guys allows it to be
erected or climbed to a height beyond its maximum freestanding capacity.
Freestanding tower crane: A tower crane that is supported on a foundation or
structural support without assistance from braces, guys, or other means.
Internal climbing tower crane: A tower crane arranged to raise itself from floor to
floor in a building as construction advances.
(3/3)

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Fig. 3-0.2.1.2-1 Hammerhead Tower Crane — Fixed-Base, Freestanding Crane

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Fig. 3-0.2.1.2-3 Luffing Boom Tower Crane — Fixed-Base, Freestanding Crane

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3-0.2.2 General
Ballast: weight added to a crane base to create additional stability; it does not rotate when
the crane swings.
Base, anchor bolt: a crane base that is bolted to a footing.
Brace, tower: A structural attachment is a component positioned between a crane tower
and an adjacent structure, designed to transfer loads to the adjacent structure and
enable the crane to be erected to a height greater than its freestanding capacity.
Counterweight: weights added to a crane superstructure to create additional stability or
to counter the effects of the lifted load; they rotate with the crane as it swings.
Jib: the horizontal structural member attached to the rotating superstructure of a crane
on which the load trolley travels when changing load radius.
(1/2)

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3-0.2.2 General
Luffing boom: a member hinged to the rotating superstructure that raises and lowers to
change load radius and is used for supporting the hoisting tackle.
Luffing boom stop: a device used to limit the angle of the luffing boom at the highest
recommended position.
Radius (load): the horizontal distance from a projection of the axis of rotation to the base
of the crane, before loading, to the center of the vertical hoist line or tackle with load
applied.
Boom Length: The boom length of a tower crane is the distance between the crane's pivot
point (usually the tower) and the tip of the boom, which holds the load.
Tower: a vertical structural frame consisting of columns and bracing capable of
supporting a superstructure with its working and dynamic loads and transmitting them to
the supporting surface or structure.
(2/2)

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SECTION 3-1.7: Preoperation Tests
Preoperation tests shall be performed after a crane is erected, climbed, altered, or
modified and before the crane is placed into service.
(a) After a crane is erected and before being placed into service, the following is
required:
(1) Functional motions, motion limiting devices, and brakes shall be tested for
satisfactory operation.
(2) Functional motion tests made after erection shall be performed in the following
order:
(-a) functional motion tests without load
(-b) functional motion tests at rated load
.
(1/3)

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SECTION 3-1.7: Preoperation Tests
(b) The structural supports or foundation to which the crane base is attached must be
tested -
(1) For static mounted cranes, the test shall be conducted with a rated load along
the load curve.
(2) For traveling cranes, load tests shall be conducted with the jib, luffing boom, or
counter jib in the position creating the maximum loading on a single wheel or
bogie.
(3) Testing will proceed until it is confirmed that all controls, drives, and braking
mechanisms have operated correctly.
(2/3)

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SECTION 3-1.7: Preoperation Tests
(4) After a crane is climbed and before being placed into service, the functional
motions, motion limiting devices and brakes shall be tested for satisfactory
operation. Functional motion tests made after climbing shall be performed without
load.
(5) The structural supports to which the crane is attached shall be tested. If any part
of the support structure becomes displaced or distressed during testing, all crane
operations shall stop until an evaluation is made by a qualified person.
(3/3)

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Tower Crane Load Chart

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(a) Load and luffing boom hoist drives must have a clutch or power-disengaging device,
except when directly connected to an electric or hydraulic motor power source.
(b) Generators supplying power to electric motor-operated cranes must be appropriately
sized or include safeguards to prevent uncontrolled lowering of the luffing boom or
load.
(c) Overspeed protection shall be provided for hoist and luffing boom mechanisms.
(d) Luffing boom hoist systems shall be capable of raising the luffing boom and holding
it stationary without attention from the operator under all operating conditions.
SECTION 3-1.10: Load Hoist And Luffing Boom Hoist Mechanisms
3-1.10.1 General Requirements