namma_kalvi_11th_and_12th_english_study_material_215247.pdf

Prepared by: M.NABROSEKHAN M.Sc., M.A., B.Ed., M.Phil., ENGLISH TEACHER, SYED AMMAL MATRIC. HR. SEC. SCHOOL, RAMANATHAPURAM.
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ABBREVIATION / ACRONYM (1 MARK)
1. A.D. - Anno Domini
2. a.m. - ante meridiem
3. AAI - Airport Authority of India
4. AIBA - Association International de Boxe Amateur
5. AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
6. AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Science
7. AIR - All India Radio
8. ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit
9. ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit
10. AR - Augmented Reality
11. AR - Augmented Reality
12. ASCII- American Standard Code for Information Interchange
13. ATM - Automated Teller Machine
14. AVADI- Armed Vehicles and Ammunition Depot of India
15. B. Tech -Bachelor of Technology
16. B.A. -Bachelor of Arts
17. B.E. - Bachelor of Engineering
18. B.Sc. - Bachelor of Science
19. BARC - Baba Atomic Research Center
20. BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation
21. BC - Before Christ / Backward Class
22. BCCI - Board of Control for Cricket in India
23. BCE - Before Common Era
24. BCE - Before Common Era
25. BDS - Bachelor of Dental Surgery
26. BEL - Bharat Electronics Limited
27. BHEL - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
28. BIOS - Basic Input Output System
29. BOOK - Bio-Optical Organized Knowledge
30. BPL - Below Poverty Line
31. BPO - Business Process Outsourcing
32. BPT - Bachelor of Physiotherapy
33. BSNL - Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
34. C - Celcius
35. CA - Chartered Accountant
36. CAD - Computer Aided Design
37. CAT - Career Aptitude Test
38. CBI - central bureau of Investigation
39. CCE - Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
40. CCTV - Closed Circuit Television
41. CCTV - Closed Circuit Television
42. CD - Compact Disc
43. CD - Compact Disc
44. CE - Common Era
45. CFC - Chloro Fluoro Carbon
46. CFL - Compact Fluorescent Lamp
47. CLRI - Central Leather Research Institute
48. CM - Chief Minister
49. CMRL - Chennai Metro Rail Limited
50. CPG - Central Pattern Generator
51. CPU - Central Processing Unit
52. CRPF - Central Reserve Police Force
53. CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
54. CRT - Cathod Ray Tube
55. CRY - Child Rights and You
56. CVRDE-Combat Vehicle Research and Development establishments
57. DIET - District Institute of Education and Training
58. DIG - Deputy Inspector General of Police
59. DOS - Disk Operating System
60. DTP - Desktop Publishing
61. DTS - Digital Theatre Sound
62. DVD - Digital Versatile Disk
63. DVD - Digital Versatile Disk / Digital Video
64. e.g. - exempligratia
65. EC - Election Commission
66. EC - Election Commission
67. ECE - Economic Commission of Europe
68. ECG - Electro Cardiogram
Namma Kalvi
www.nammakalvi.in

CLASS: XI STD NEW SYLLABUS 2019-2020---1 MARK QUESTIONS QN.NO: 7 TO 20 SUB: ENGLISH
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69. EEG - Electro Encephalo Gram
70. EPF - Employees’ Provident Fund
71. ERNET - Educational and Research Network
72. et al. - et alii
73. Etc - et cetera
74. EU - European Union
75. EU - European Union
76. EVM - Electronic Voting Machine
77. EXNORA - Excellent Novel Radical
78. F - Fehrenheit
79. FAO - Food and Agricultural Organisation
80. FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
81. FERA - Foreign Exchange Regulation Act
82. FIR - First Information Report
83. ft - feet
84. ft2 - square feet
85. FTP - File Transfer Protocol
86. GATE - Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
87. GATT - General Aggreement on Trade and Tariffs
88. GDP - Gross Domestic Product
89. GIRL - Growing Independent Resilient Leaders
90. GMAT - Graduate Management Admission Test
91. GPM - Green Peace Movement
92. GPO - General Post Office
93. GPS - Global Positioning System
94. GPS - Global Positioning System
95. GST - Goods and Service Tax
96. GUI - Graphical User Interface
97. HD - High Definition
98. HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface
99. HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface
100. HDTV - High Definition Television
101. HIV - Human Immuno Deficiency Virus
102. Hon - Honurable
103. HP - Hindustan Petroleum
104. HRC - Human Rights Commission
105. HSC - Higher Secondary course Certificate
106. HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language
107. HUDCO - Housing and Urban Development Corporation
108. i.e - id est
109. IAS - Indian Administrative Service
110. IB - Intelligence Bureau
111. IB - Intelligence Bureau
112. IBRD-International bank for Reconstruction and Development
113. ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organisation
114. ICC - International Cricket Council
115. ICICI - Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India
116. ICU - Intensive care Unit
117. IDA - International Development Association
118. IELTS - International English Language Test System
119. IFC - International Finance Corporation
120. IGNOU - Indira Gandhi National Open University
121. IIM - Indian Institute of Management
122. IIT - Indian Institute of Technology
123. IIT - Indian Institute of Technology
124. ILO - International Labour Organization
125. IMF - International Monetary Fund
126. IMF - International Monetary Fund
127. IMO - International Maritime Organisation
128. INSV - Indian Naval Ship Vessel
129. IOB - Indian Overseas Bank
130. IP - Internet Protocol
131. IPC - Indian Penal Code
132. IQ - Intelligent Quotient
133. IQ - Intelligence Quotient
134. ISBN - International Standard Book Number
135. ISD - International Subscriber Dialing
136. ISI - Indian Standard Institute
137. ISO - International Standard Organization
138. ISP - Internet Service Provider
www.nammakalvi.in
XII STD

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139. ISRO - Indian Space Research Organisation
140. ISRO - Indian Space Research Organization
141. ITI - Industrial Training Institutes
142. ITU - International Telecommunications Union
143. JEE - Joint Entrance Examination
144. Jr - Junior
145. kg - kilogram
146. km - kilometer
147. KPO - Knowledge Process Outsourcing
148. LAN - Local Area Network
149. LASER-Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
150. LED - Light Emitting Diode
151. LIC - Life Insuarnce Corporation of India
152. M.A. - Master of Arts
153. M.E. - Master of Engineering
154. M.Sc. - Master of Science
155. MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
156. MBA - Master of Business Administration
157. MBBS - Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
158. MHRD - Ministry of Human Resource Development
159. MICR - Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
160. MIGA - Multilateral Investment Guarentee Agency
161. ml - milliliter
162. MLA - Member of Legislative Assembly
163. MLC - Member of Legislative Council
164. mm - millimeter
165. MNC - Multi National Company
166. MP - Member of Parliament
167. mpg - miles per gallon
168. mph - miles per hour
169. Mr - Mister
170. MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
171. MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
172. Mrs - Mistress
173. MS - Master of Surgery
174. NAAC- National Assessment and Accreditation Council
175. NASA- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
176. NCC - National Cadet Corps
177. NEET - National Eligibility cum Entrance Test
178. NET - National Eligibility Test
179. NEWS - North, East, West, South
180. NGO - Non-Governmental Organization
181. NLC - Neyveli Lignite Corporation
182. NOC - No Objection Certificate
183. NRI - Non-Resident India
184. NSS - National Service Scheme
185. OPEC - Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
186. OS - Operating System
187. p.m. - post meridiem
188. PA - Personal Assistant
189. PAN-Personal Area Network / Permanent Account Number
190. PC - Personal Computer
191. PDF - Portable Document Format
192. PIN - Postal Index Number
193. PM - Prime Minister
194. POTA - Prevention of Terrorism Act
195. PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol
196. Pres - President
197. Prof - professor
198. PS - Personal Secretary / Post Script
199. PTA - Parents Teachers Association
200. PWD - Public Works Department
201. QUIZ - Questions Under Intellectual Zone
202. RADAR - Radio Detection and Ranging
203. RAM - Random Access Memory
204. RAM - Random Access Memory
205. RBI - Reserve Bank of India
206. RDO - Revenue Divisional Officer
207. Rev - Reverend
208. ROM - Read Only Memory

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209. ROM - Read Only Memory
210. RPF - Railway Protection Force
211. RRB - Railway Recruitment Board
212. RTA - Right To Education Act
213. RTO - Regional Transport Officer
214. SAT - Scholastic Aptitude Test
215. SBI - State Bank of India
216. SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
217. SIM - Subscriber Identification Module
218. SLET - State Level Eligibility Test
219. SLV - Satellite Launch Vehicle
220. SMS - Short Messaging Service
221. SR - Southern Railways
222. SSC - Staff Selection Commission
223. SSLC - Secondary School Leaving Certificate
224. St - saint
225. STD - Subscriber Trunk Dialing
226. TAFE - Tractor And Farm Equipment
227. TANCET - Tamil Nadu Common Entrance Test
228. TANSI - Tamil Nadu Small Scale Industries
229. TASMAC - Tamil Nadu State Marketing Corporation
230. TET - Teachers Eligibility Test
231. TNPSC - Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission
232. TRB - Teachers Recruitment Board
233. TV - Television
234. UAE - United Arab Emirates
235. UAE - United Arab Emirates
236. UFO - United Fund Organization
237. UGC - University Grants Commission
238. UK - United Kingdom
239. UK - United Kingdom
240. UN - United Nations
241. UNDP - United nations Development Programme
242. UNESCO-United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural
Organisation
243. UNO - United Nations Organization
244. UPO - Universal Postal code
245. UPS - Uninterrupted Power Supply
246. UPSC - Union Public Service Commission
247. URL - Uniform Resource Locator
248. US/USA - United States of America
249. USA - United States of America
250. USB - Universal Serial Bus
251. VAO - Village Administrative Officer
252. VAT - Value Added Tax
253. VCR - Video Cassette Recorder
254. VCR - Video Cassette Recorder
255. VGA - Video Graphics Array
256. VISCOM - Visual Communication
257. VR - Virtual Reality
258. VR - Virtual Reality
259. vs - versus
260. WAN - Wide Area Network
261. WHO - World Health Organisation
262. WHO - World Health Organization
263. WTC - World Trade Centre
264. WTO - World Trade Organization
265. WWW - World Wide Web

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IDIOMS (1 MARK)
1. A big way - on a large scale
2. A bird’s eye view - a view from higher position
3. A brain child - one’s original idea
4. A chance in a million - very slim chance
5. A change of heart - A change of opinion or idea
6. A cock and a bull story- a wildly improbable story
7. A cuckoo in the nest - an unwelcome intruder
8. A drop in the ocean - very small / unimportant
9. A million dollar question- a question with a valuable answer
10. A penny for thoughts - thinking something about
11. A shadow of oneself - Someone or something that is not strong
12. A volley of blows - a string of blows
13. A wild goose chase - waste of time / useless effort
14. Alarm bells ringing - Sign of something going wrong
15. An early bird - someone who rises early
16. Apple of one’s eye - one’s favourite person
17. Armchair expert - one who gives advice in an area
18. As good as gold - very well behaved
19. At close quarters - very near
20. At logger head - To be in strong disagreement
21. At one’s disposal - for one’s use
22. At one’s wit’s end - Desperate
23. At the crack of dawn - very early in the morning
24. At the end of his tether - There is no strength or hope left
25. At the helm - in charge
26. Back to the wall - In serious difficulty
27. Be in one’s head - in a difficult situation
28. Below the belt - unfair or unsporting behaviour
29. Bereft of - deprived of
30. Birds of same feather - People who are alike are often friends
31. Bolt from the blue - A sudden, unexpected event
32. Break even - make no profit or loss
33. Burn the midnight oil - To sit up very late at night during work
34. By and by - as time goes by
35. By the skin of one’s teeth- A narrow escape
36. Catch 22 situation- A situation in which unable to succeed due to
some rules
37. Caught red handed - caught when doing something wrong
38. Child’s play - a simple exercise for anyone
39. Childlike - having the innocent qualities
40. Clean slate - a fast record without discredit
41. Come to a halt - stop either temporarily or permanently
42. Difficult to grasp - Difficult to understand
43. Dodge a bullet - Barely escaped from a disastrous situation
44. Done to a turn - extremely well done
45. Draw a blank - to fail to get an answer or a result
46. Drive one up the wall - Irritated
47. Dropout - cease to complete the studies
48. Eleventh hour - At the last moment
49. Extract from - demand and get from
50. Face to mind - recall something
51. Faint with weariness - exhausted
52. Fair and square - in a fair way
53. Feather in one’s cap - one more achievement
54. Feel the pinch - feeling unpleasant change
55. Find one’s voice - become more confident in expressing oneself
56. Find one’s voice -become more confident in first meeting
57. Fish out of water - a person who does not fit in
58. Follow something up - pursue
59. Fool’s errand - a fruitless undertaking
60. Full of beans - lively / in high spirits
61. Get cold feet - get nervous
62. Get into hot water - be in serious trouble
63. Give a piece of mind - To express one’s opinion strongly / scold
64. Go a long way - To achieve success / to be very helpful
65. Go a long way - to last for a long time
66. Grasp / clutch at straws- try any method to overcome a crisis
67. Hang out to dry - abandoning one who is in difficulty
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68. Happy-go-lucky - Not caring
69. Hard to come by - difficult to get
70. Have cold feet - be frightened
71. Have no hand in - not involved
72. Have one’s heart set on- really want something
73. Heart and soul - completely / with utter dedication
74. Hit the road - journey again
75. Holds good - be valid at the time of discussion
76. Honor bound - Morally obliged to do something
77. In a nice pickle - in a mess / in a difficult situation
78. In a remote corner - in a farthest corner
79. In barren statements - state without value, interest or result
80. In deep waters - in big trouble
81. In dire straits - in a serious, bad situation
82. In our corner - On your side in an argument or dispute
83. In panic mode - forgot everything and grew irritated
84. In short supply - less than its needed / lacking
85. In the gloom of solitude- in depressing
86. In the midst of - in the middle of
87. In the pink of health - In a very good health
88. In two minds - unable to decide / in a dilemma
89. Keep an eye on - watch something to make sure its ok
90. Keep one’s fingers crossed- hope that something good will happen
91. Keep one’s hand above water- make enough money to survive
92. Last resort - last option
93. Leave one stranded - forsaken
94. Lend an ear -listen
95. Lend/give someone a hand- to help someone with something
96. Listen - len an ear
97. Loud and clear - very clearly
98. Make a mountain out of- exaggerate something
99. Make ends meet - manage with money
100.Make one’s mouth water- to crave or desire sth that one loves to eat
101.Matter of concern - something to worry about
102.Moseying in and out - walking aimlessly
103.Move heaven and earth- do everything possible
104.Nip in the bud - Cut off the earliest stage /stop at the very beginning
105.Off the beaten track - isolated
106.On cloud nine -Very happy
107.On the ball -competent
108.On the ropes -state of near collapse or defeat
109.Once and for all - as a finally settled matter
110.Once in a blue moon - Rarely
111.One thing leading to another – sequence of unplanned events
112.Out of the blue - as a total surprise
113.Over the moon - extremely happy
114.Pain and regret - mental suffering
115.Pay back in the same coin- treating others in the same way
116.Pick someone’s brains- use someone’s ideas
117.Put on air -Behave in an unnatural way to impress others
118.Raining cats and dogs - raining heavily
119.Right up one’s alley - Appeals to me strongly
120.Run the risk - Exposure to injury or loss
121.Saved by the bell - Help at the last moment
122.Second childhood - old age
123.See eye to eye - agree
124.Sharp as a tack -mentally agile
125.Shot one’s bolt - Exhaust one’s effort
126.Square off - prepare for a conflict
127.Stand a chance - Have a prospect of success or survival
128.Stand a chance - to be in a favourable position
129.Stay on one’s toes - be ready or prepared for something
130.Sweep out - To remove something or someone
131.Take a trip down memory- recollect pleasant memories
132.Take one for ride - Deceived
133.Taken a hard line- To deal with someone or something in a strict way.
134.Taking a hard line - not giving up easily
135.That one’s lucky stars - to be thankful for one’s good luck
136.The burning question - the main question or problem
137.The cat is out of the bag-the secret is out

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138.The tip of the iceberg- The biggest part of the problem is hidden
139.The icning on the cake-something extra and not essential, but is
added to make it even better
140.Break the ice - to make people more relaxed, especially at
the beginning of the meeting
141.Thick and fast - in large numbers
142.Thirty pieces of silver - as a symbol of betrayal
143.Throw in the towel - to give up
144.Tight corners - Difficult situations
145.Till waters run deep - never judge anything by its appearance
146.Time out of mind - time immemorial / very ancient
147.To bark at the moon - to make a fuss with no effect
148.To be accustomed to - to get used to
149.To be chicken hearted- to be cowardly
150.To be on tender hooks- to be in a state of nervous suspense
151.To be up with a lark - to wake up early in the morning
152.To bear one’s burden in silence – to regret or suffer quietly
153.To build castles in the air- to have impossible desires
154.To chatter like a magpie- to talk incessantly / no interruption
155.To crow over - to rejoice at the defeat of the opponent
156.To drag up a child - to bring up a child without proper training
157.To take a new turn - to begin a new course
158.To tread on unknown waters - to explore
159.Tricks of the trade - the expertise of doing business
160.Vicious cycle - Chain like issues
161.Wait for the dust to settle-to wait for a situation to become clear
162.Get/have all your ducks in a row-to have made all the preparations
needed to do something / to be well organized
163.Fetch and carry - to do a lot of little jobs fro somebody as if you
were their servants.
164.Do the math - to think carefully about something before
doing it, so that you know all the relevant facts or figures.
165.Round the corner - very near
166.Well-to-do - Wealthy / prosperous
167.Yellow streak - Cowardly / weak
PHRASAL VERBS (1 MARK)
1. Argue out - to discuss to reach an argument
2. Back up - support
3. Bank on - depend on
4. Bear with - endure / tolerate
5. Blow out - extinguish
6. Blow up - explode
7. Break down - fall / stop working / collapse
8. Break into - enter by force
9. Break off - finish
10. Break out -escape from a place or situation / start suddenly
11. Break through - penetrate
12. Break up - disperse / shatter
13. Bring about - make something happen
14. Bring forth - produce
15. Bring in - introduce
16. Bring out - publish
17. Bring up - educate / rear
18. Build up - to develop
19. Burn off - to use or get rid of something
20. Call for - demand
21. Call off - cancel
22. Call on - visit / require
23. Call out - summon
24. Call up - invite
25. Carry on - continue
26. Carry out - fulfill
27. Check in - arrive and register at airport or hotel
28. Check out - pay the bill when leaving a hotel
29. Cave in - collapse
30. Come on - hurry
31. Come over - understand
32. Come upon - meet someone by chance
33. Cope with - deal with

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34. Cut off - to remove something by cutting
35. Dealt with - managed
36. Draw up - stop
37. Drop in - visit
38. Drop out - discontinue
39. Eat out - eat in a restaurant
40. Engage in - take part
41. Figure out - understand
42. Get along with - have a friendly relationship
43. Get away - escape
44. Get on - have a friendly relationship / continue
45. Get off - leave a bus, train, etc.,
46. Get in - enter a bus, train, plane.
47. Get away - to go away from home for a vacation
48. Get over - recover / overcome
49. Get through - pass
50. Get up - rise from bed
51. Give away - distribute
52. Give in - yield
53. Give up - abandon
54. Go after - to chase
55. Go far - succeed
56. Go into - examine / investigate
57. Go on - continue / hurry
58. Go through - endure / examine
59. Hand down - deliver
60. Hang around - move with no aim
61. Hit on - think of
62. Hold on - wait / stop
63. Hold up - delay
64. Hunt down - try to find every member
65. Keep on - continue
66. Keep up - continue / maintain
67. Knuckle under - submit
68. Lay by - keep for future use
69. Lay down - surrender / sacrifice / pass a law
70. Look after - take care of
71. Look at - to think about something carefully
72. Look for - to find / to search
73. Look into / over - investigate / examine
74. Look through - to search for someone or something
75. Look up to - admire
76. Look up - refer
77. Make out - understand
78. Make over - redo / renovate
79. Melt away - disappear slowly
80. Nose around - looking around to find information
81. Pass out - graduate
82. Pass through - undergo
83. Pull back - refrain
84. Push forward - to continue doing something with effort
85. Put aside - save
86. Put off - postpone
87. Put on - wear
88. Put up with - tolerate
89. Put up - build
90. Quarrel with - oppose
91. Ran into - to hit / enter / meet and reach
92. Reel off - recite
93. Run across - meet
94. Run after - chase / seek
95. Run over - overflow / examine
96. Set aside - discard
97. Set back - to slow down the progress
98. Set out - displays
99. Set up - establish
100.Settle down - establish / lead a quiet life
101.Show up - reveal
102.Shut down - close
103.Stand by - support / wait
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104.Stand for - to represent a particular idea
105.Stand out - continue to resist
106.Stand up - rise
107.Stretch out - to lay down / to sleep
108.Take after - resemble
109.Take away - remove
110.Take down - write
111.Take off - leave the ground / remove
112.Take on - accept
113.Take part in - participate
114.Take up - to deal with
115.Throw away - to get rid of
116.Throw out - discard / reject
117.Tire out - exhaust
118.Turn away - refuse admission
119.Turn down - refuse
120.Turn on - to open
121.Took over - take lead
122.Set off - stat a journey
123.See off - to go to station or airport to say good bye
124.Stop over - to stay at a place for a short time while travelling
125.Warm up - practice
126.Work out - Be successful
COMPOUND WORDS (1 MARK)
NOUN +
NOUN
airport,
alarm clock,
arm chair,
bed room,
bed-time,
birth day,
bookstall,
borderline,
bus-station,
car driver,
chess board,
child hood,
cloak room,
cloth merchant,
college student,
cricket ground,
printer
cartridge,
railroad,
river bank,
sea-shore,
time limit,
water proof,
dream world,
eye-liner,
eye brow,
foot ball,
field glasses,
fire men,
Hand bag,
Hand cuff,
Honey bee,
Ladybug,
foot note,
gas light,
girl friend,
head light,
honey moon,
lamp post,
lottery ticket,
notebook,
pigtail,
white paper,
air ticket
man servant,
Moonlight,
motor cycle,
pipe water,
post man,
rice mill,
river bed,
school boy,
school bus,
shoe maker,
snow ball,
stamp pad,
kitchen garden
star light,
sunlight,
table cloth,
text book,
time table,
tube light,
wall paper,
wind screen,
wood cutter,
worm book,
NOUN + VERB
back-bite,
birth control,
bus stand
dog bite,
Ear mark,
hair cut,
horserace,
daybreak,
land mark,
pen drive,
side walk,
Benchmark
Breastfeed
Bus stop
Earmark
Finger print
Hand wash
Headache
Headline
Moon walk
Rainfall
Snow drop
Snow fall
Tooth-ache
Waylay
Paintbrush
Toothbrush
snake bite,
sun rise,
sun set,
Sun shine,
water fall,

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VERB + NOUN
bath soap,
dare devil,
hang man,
Pick pocket,
play ground,
play thing
saw dust,
show case
Bath room
Break fast
Call taxi
Crossword
Crybaby
Handle bar
Pass port
Popcorn
Search engine
Stop clock
Taste buds
Watch man
Walk man
Rest house
suitcase
NOUN +
ADJECTIVE
air tight,
dark blue,
Duty free,
handmade,
heartbroken,
home sick,
light green,
pale yellow,
Black gold
Careless
Dead slow
Downtrodden
Henpecked
Homeless
Honey-sweet
Knee-deep
Merciless
Milk white
World famous
Sky blue,
Tax free,
water tight
Lifelong
sea blue
ADJECTIVE +
NOUN
black board
black market
blue print
gentleman
good show
grandparents
nice man
noble man
poor man
rich girl
Black box
Blueberry
Blue cross
Blue print
Clever boy
Deep well
Full moon
Gentleman
Wise man
Green house
Hard ware
Red cross
White board
short hand
software
Sweet heart
tall girl
wet grinder
ADVERB (OR
PREPOSITION)
+ NOUN
Inside
By path
off spring
indoor
outpatient
over load
Onlooker
Postscript
Undershirt
Outwit
Background
Downfall
Foresee
Overcoat
Overconfidence
Overtime
after noon
Inbox
undergarment
NOUN +
GERUND
White washing
Storytelling
Time consuming
bird watching
baby sitting
horse riding
Airlifting
Book-binding
Cat walking
Day-dreaming
Hand writing
Mind-boggling
Air conditioning
Slow-cycling
Mind-reading
Test-driving
Snow-skiing
Train-spotting
GERUND +
NOUN
walking stick
dining table
shooting gun
dancing bird
driving license
drinking watery
Driving school
Fishing net
Swimming
pool
Visiting card
Writing pad
Washing
machine
Waiting hall
Stepping stone
Cooking gas
Blotting paper
ADVERB +
VERB
Foreground
Input
Out put
Intake
Over change
Overact
Overcome
Over-grow
Under-rate
Upset
Undertake
Undergo
Outlive
Backdrop
upturn
VERB +
ADVERB
Drawback,
lock up,
die hard,
Camp-out
Drop-out
Take off
Fall-out
Look out
send off
ADJECTIVE +
VERB
White wash
Safe guard
Clear cut
Side walk
Long awaited
Shortchange
Long forgotten
Blacklisted
ADVERB +
GERUND
Incoming Outgoing
ADJECTIVE
+GERUND
Calm-going
Bad-looking
Bad-smelling
Good-looking
Dry-cleaning
Easy-going
Shabby-looking

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ADVERB +
GERUND
Hard working
Overlooking
Out going
ADJECTIVE +
ADJECTIVE
Red hot,
blue black,
dull grey
White hot
NOUN +
PREPOSITION
+ NOUN
Son-in-law
Mother-in-law
ADJECTIVE +
PREPOSITION
+ NOUN
Interested in music
Good for nothing
SINGULAR – PLURAL (1 MARK)
1. Chair - chairs
2. Box - boxes
3. Eskimo - Eskimos
4. Lady - ladies
5. Radius - radii
6. Formula - formulae
7. Child - children
8. Deer - deer
9. Loaf - loaves
10. Hero - heroes
11. Leaf - leaves
12. Lorry - lorries
13. Bat - bats
14. Clock - clocks
15. Table - tables
16. Lamp - lamps
17. Doll - dolls
18. Biscuit - biscuits
19. Knife - knives
I. FORM PLURAL WORDS BY ADDING ‘S’
SINGULAR PLURAL
Apple Apples
Boat Boats
Book Books
Bottle Bottles
Brother Brothers
Bureau Bureaus
Cat Cats
College Colleges
Cow Cows
Cup Cups
Desk Desks
Dozen Dozens
Friend Friends
Girl Girls
House Houses
Human Humans
Letter Letters
Major general Major generals
Nephew Nephews
Paper Papers
Pencil Pencils
Plateau Plateaus
Passer by Passers by
River Rivers
Sticker Stickers
Tree Trees
Window Windows
Zebra Zebras

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II. WORDS END WITH ‘S/SS/SH/CH/X/O/Z’ - ADD ‘ES’
SINGULAR PLURAL
Dish Dishes
Brush Brushes
Glass Glasses
Church Churches
Class Classes
Bus Buses
Bench Benches
Watch Watches
Pass Passes
Fox Foxes
Tax Taxes
Dress Dresses
Blitz Blitzes
Mango Mangoes
Potato Potatoes
Tomato Tomatoes
Branch Branches
Wish Wishes
Moss Mosses
Pitch Pitches
SOME EXCEPTIONAL WORDS
Quiz Quizzes
Ox Oxen
Piano Pianos
Radio Radios
Photo Photos
Stereo Stereos
Memo Memos
III. WORDS END WITH ‘F/FE’ – REPLACE WITH ‘VES’
SINGULAR PLURAL
Leaf Leaves
Thief Thieves
Calf Calves
Wife Wives
Shelf Shelves
Knife Knives
Wolf Wolves
Dwarf Dwarves
Half Halves
Scarf Scarves
Elf Elves
Grief Grieves
Roof Roofs
Cuff Cuffs
Proof Proofs
Chief Chiefs
Chef Chefs
Handkerchief Handkerchiefs
Cliff Cliffs
IV. WORDS END WITH ‘Y’ – REPLACE WITH ‘IES’
SINGULAR PLURAL
Baby Babies
Lady Ladies
Army Armies
Fly Flies
University Universities
City Cities
Country Countries
Enemy Enemies
Library Libraries
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Dictionary Dictionaries
Puppy Puppies
Diary Diaries
Spy Spies
Daisy Daisies
Copy Copies
Monkey Monkeys
Boy Boys
Key Keys
Toy Toys
Turkey Turkeys
Day Days
Delay Delays
Tray Trays
Prey Preys
Kidney Kidneys
V. WORDS END WITH ‘ON/UM’ – REPLACE WITH ‘A’
SINGULAR PLURAL
Criterion Criteria
Agendum Agenda
Phenomenon Phenomena
Stratum Strata
Datum Data
Medium Media
Bacterium Bacteria
Stadium Stadia
Aquarium Aquaria
Curriculum Curricula
Ultimatum Ultimate
VI. WORDS END WITH ‘IS’ – REPLACE WITH ‘ES’
SINGULAR PLURAL
Axis Axes
Analysis Analyses
Basis Bases
Thesis Theses
Crisis Crises
Ellipses Ellipsis
Oasis Oases
Diagnosis Diagnoses
VII. WORDS END WITH ‘A’ – REPLACE WITH ‘AE’
SINGULAR PLURAL
Formula Formulae
Antenna Antennae
Alumna Alumnae
Vertebra vertebrae
VIII. WORDS END WITH ‘US’ – REPLACE WITH ‘I’
SINGULAR PLURAL
Radius Radii
Cactus Cacti
Stimulus Stimuli
Locus Loci
Focus Foci
Nucleus Nuclei
Syllabus Syllabi / syllabuses
Terminus Termini / terminuses
Alumnus Alumni
Virus Viruses (Exception)

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IX. WORDS END WITH ‘EX/IX’ – REPLACE WITH ‘ICES’
SINGULAR PLURAL
Index Indices / indexes
Matrix Matrices / matrixes
Vertex Vertices / vertexes
Appendix Appendices / appendixes
X. SAME SINGULAR & PLURAL FORM
SINGULAR PLURAL
Sheep Sheep
Deer Deer
Furniture Furniture
Meal Meal
Hair Hair
Luggage Luggage
Baggage Baggage
Advice Advice
Fish Fish
Information Information
Corps Corps
Species Species
Aircraft Aircraft
Cattle Cattle
Spectacles Spectacles
Premises Premises
Series Series
Trousers Trousers
Pants Pants
Scissors Scissors
News News
Swine Swine
Innings Innings
Means Means
Athletics Athletics
Linguistics Linguistics
Goods Goods
Outskirts Outskirts
Glasses Glasses
Wages Wages
Darts Darts
Billiards Billiards
Jeans Jeans
XI. SOME SPECIAL CHANGES
SINGULAR PLURAL
Man Men
Woman Women
Child Children
Foot Feet
Goose Geese
Mouse Mice
Tooth Teeth
Chick Chicken
Ox Oxen
Die Dice
Person People

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AFFIXES (1 MARK)
Prefix Root Word New Word
1. De Grade Degrade
2. Dia Meter Diameter
3. Dis Like Dislike
4. Dis Obey Disobey
5. Hyper active hyperactive
6. Ig Noble Ignoble
7. Il Legal Illegal
8. Im Polite Impolite
9. Im Possible Impossible
10. In Direct Indirect
11. In Secure Insecure
12. In Sufficient Insufficient
13. In correct Incorrect
14. Ir Responsible Irresponsible
15. Mis Placed Misplaced
16. Mis Taken Mistaken
17. Non Violence Non Violence
18. Over Load Overload
19. Ultra Violet Ultraviolet
20. Un Quenchable Unquenchable
21. Un Fair Unfair
22. Un Able Unable
23. Un Happy Unhappy
Root Word Suffix New Word
1. Announce Ment Announcement
2. Associate Ion Association
3. Bright ness Brightness
4. Care less Careless
5. Cheer ful Cheerful
6. Child Hood Childhood
7. Color ful colorful
8. Develop Ment Development
9. Fair ness Fairness
10. Familiar Rise Familiarise
11. Friend ly Friendly
12. Govern Ment Government
13. Hero Ism Heroism
14. Intense ity Intensity
15. Kind Ness Kindness
16. Love ly Lovely
17. Music ian Musician
18. Perform Ance Performance
19. Taste less Tasteless
20. Trans Form Transform
21. Wash able Washable
EUPHEMISTIC EXPRESSIONS / POLITE ALTERNATIVES (1 MARK)
1. Abortion - pregnancy termination
2. Accidental death - collateral damage
3. Bald - moon landing
4. Barber - hair dresser
5. Blind - visually impaired
6. Boys toilet - the little boys’ room
7. Buttocks - bottom
8. Cheap - economical
9. Cheating - professional foul
10. Crazy - a few sandwiches short of a picnic
11. Deaf - hearing impaired / aurally challenged
12. Death penalty - capital punishment
13. Died - passed away / kicked the bucket / croaked
14. Dumb - orally challenged
15. Euthanize - put to sleep
16. Fart - pass wind
17. Fat - big-boned / full-figured / horizontally-challenged
18. Female toilet - the ladies’ room
19. Genocide - ethnic cleansing
20. Handicapped - physically challenged / differently-abled
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21. Homeless - on the streets
22. House wife - home maker
23. Idiot - intellectually challenged
24. Jail - correctional facility
25. Killed - whacked / wearing cement shoes
26. Late - chronologically challenged
27. Liar - economical with the truth
28. Maid - domestic engineer
29. Military attack - armed intervention
30. Old person - senior citizen
31. Poor - working class / economically disadvantaged
32. Prison camp - relocation center
33. Retarded - mentally challenged
34. Shoplifting - five-finger discount
35. Short - vertically challenged
36. Stupid - academically challenged
37. Surcharge - convenience fee
38. Thin - slender
39. Toilet - restroom / washroom
40. Ugly - aesthetically challenged
41. Unemployed - between jobs
42. Unwanted call - courtesy call
43. Used car - previously enjoyed car
44. Vomit - blow chunk
45. Broke - negative cash flow
46. Got fired - taking an early retirement
47. Flatulence - fired a shot
48. Toupee - bad rug
49. Assignment - homework
50. Pregnant - expecting
51. Dismissed - let you go
AMERICAN TO BRITISH ENGLISH (1 MARK)
BRITISH ENGLISH - AMERICAN ENGLISH
1. Accelerator - Gas pedal
2. Accommodation - Accommodations
3. Advertisement - Notice
4. Aerial - Antenna
5. Aerofoil - Airfoil
6. Aeroplane - Airplane
7. Apologise - Apologize
8. Aluminium - Aluminum
9. Angry - Mad
10. Anticlockwise - Counter clockwise
11. Appetizer - Starter
12. Autumn - Fall
13. Bank holiday - Legal holiday
14. Barrister / solicitor - Lawyer / attorney
15. Beet root - Beet(s)
16. Bill - Check
17. Biscuit - Cookie
18. Biscuits - Cookies
19. Blind - Window Shade
20. Bonnet - Hood
21. Boot - Trunk
22. Behaviour - Behavior
23. Braces - Suspenders
24. Brackets - Paranthesis
25. Calibre - Caliber
26. Car park - Parking lot
27. Caravan - Trailer
28. Caretaker - Janitor
29. Carpet - Rug
30. Catalogue - Catalog
31. Centre - Center
32. Chemist - Druggist
33. Chemist’s shop - Drugstore / pharmacy

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34. Cheque - Check
35. Chips - French Fries
36. Cloakroom - checkroom / coat room
37. Colour - Color
38. Cooker - Stove
39. Corn flour - Cornstarch
40. Cosy - Cozy
41. Cot - Crib
42. Courgette - Zucchini
43. Crisps - Chips
44. Crocodile - alligator
45. Cross roads - Intersection
46. Cupboard - Closet
47. Current account - Checking account
48. Curriculum vitae - Resume
49. Curtains - Drapes
50. Cutting - Clipping
51. Diversion - Detour
52. Draught - Draft
53. Drink driving - Drunk driving
54. Dummy - Pacifier
55. Dustbin - Trash can / Garbage can
56. Duvet - Comforter
57. Dynamo - generator
58. Earth wire - Ground wire
59. Engaged - Busy
60. Enquiry - Inquiry
61. Expiry date - Expiration date
62. Fancy dress - Constumes
63. Father Christmas - Santa Claus
64. Favourite - Favorite
65. Fellow - Guy
66. Fever - Sick
67. Fill in - Fill out
68. Film / Cinema - Movie
69. Fire brigade - Fire department
70. First floor - Second floor
71. Flannel - Washcloth
72. Flat - Apartment
73. Flavour - Flavor
74. Flyover - Overpass
75. Foot ball - Soccer
76. Foot way - Side walk
77. Fortnight - Two weeks
78. Fringe - Bangs
79. Full stop - Period
80. Garden - Yard / Lawn
81. Goods train - Freight train
82. Goods - Freight
83. Grill - Broil
84. Grey - Gray
85. Ground floor - First floor
86. Hairslide - Barrette
87. Hand bag - coin purse
88. Harbour - Harbor
89. Headmaster - Principal
90. Hire - Rent
91. Holiday - Vacation
92. Homely - Homey
93. Hoover - Vaccum cleaner
94. Humour - Humor
95. Indicator - Side signal / Turn signal
96. Interval - Intermission
97. Inverted commas - Quotation Marks
98. Jam - Jelly
99. Jewellery - Jewelery
100. Jug - Pitcher
101. Jumper - Sweater
102. Junior school - Elementary school
103. Kennel - Dog house

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104. Kilometre - Kilometer
105. Ladybird - Ladybug
106. Lift - Elevator / Escalator
107. Litre - Liter
108. Lolly - Lollipop
109. Labour - Labor
110. Lorry - Truck
111. Mackintosh - Raincoat
112. Maize - Corn
113. Managing director - CEO
114. Match - Game
115. Maths - Math
116. Metre - Meter
117. Mobile phone - Cell phone
118. Motor bike - Motor Cycle
119. Motorway - Expressway / highway
120. Mum/Mummy - Mom/Mommy
121. Nappy - Diaper
122. Neighbour - Neighbor
123. Newsreader - Newscaster
124. Number plate - License plate
125. Paraffin - Kerosene
126. Parlour - Parlor
127. Pavement - Sidewalk
128. Petrol - Gasoline
129. Physiotherapy - Physical therapy
130. Porridge - Oat meal
131. Post box - Mail box
132. Post - Mail
133. Post code - Zip code
134. Pull over - Sweater
135. Potato crisp - Potato chip
136. Practise - Practice
137. Pram - Baby carriage / stroller
138. Programme - Program
139. Public school - Private school
140. Queue - line
141. Racing car - Race car
142. Rail way - Rail road
143. Rise - Raise
144. Rubber - Eraser
145. Shop assistant - Sales clerk
146. Shop - Store
147. Shopping trolley - Shopping cart
148. Silencer - Muffler
149. Single - One way
150. Single way - One way
151. Skilful - Skillful
152. Skipping rope - Jump rope
153. Solicitor - Lawyer
154. Stable - Barn
155. Storm - Tempest
156. Storm - Tempest
157. Sweet - Candy
158. Tap - Faucet
159. Tea cup - Tea pot
160. Terminus - depot
161. Theatre - Theater
162. Tick - Check mark
163. Tights - Pantyhose
164. Timber - Lumber
165. Time table - Schedule
166. Tin - Can
167. Toilet - Rest room
168. Torch light - Flash light
169. Trousers - Pants
170. Trumpet - Horn
171. Tyre - Tire
172. Underground - Subway
173. Veranda - Porch
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174. Vest - Undershirt
175. Waistcoat - Vest
176. Wardrobe - Closet
177. Wash basin - Sink
178. Wind screen - Wind shield
179. Witness box - Witness stand
180. Zebra crossing - Cross walk
181. Zed - Zee
BLENDED WORDS (1 MARK)
1. Advertisement + editorial = advertorial
2. Advertisement + Inflation = Adflation
3. Affluent + influenza = Affluenza
4. Agitation + propaganda = Agitprop
5. Agriculture + Business = Agribusiness
6. Alcohol + pop = Alcopop
7. Alphabetic + numeric = Alphanumeric
8. Bat + mash = Bash
9. Beauty + utility = Beautility
10. Binary + Digit = Bit
11. Binary + table = Byte
12. Biography + picture = Biopic
13. Biology + electronic = Bionic
14. Bombay + Hollywood = Bollywood
15. Brain + maniac = brainiac
16. Breakfast + Lunch = Brunch
17. Breath + analyzer = Breathalyzer
18. Britain + exit = Brexit
19. Camera + recorder = Camcorder
20. Channel + tunnel = Chunnel
21. Cheating + texting = Chexting
22. Chill + relax = Chillax
23. Clap + crash = Clash
24. Cosmetic + pharmaceutical = Cosmeceutical
25. Cremated + Remains = Cremains
26. Cybernetic + organism = Cyborg
27. Cybernetic + Organism = Cyborg
28. Diplomacy + Economics = Diplonomics
29. Documentary + Drama = Docudrama
30. Education + Entertainment = Edutainment
31. Education + Satellite = Edusat
32. Electro + Execute = Electrocute
33. Electronic + Mail = E-mail
34. Emote + icon = Emoticon
35. Endogenous + morphine = Endorphin
36. Fact + fiction = Faction
37. Fan + magazine = Fanzine
38. Fantastic + Fabulous = Fantabulous
39. Fantastic + Magazine = Fanzine
40. Feeble + Debility = Feebility
41. Feminine + Seminar = Feminar
42. Flame + glare = Flare
43. Flirting + relationship = Flirtationship
44. Foreign + exchange = Forex
45. Formula + Translation = FORTRAN.
46. Friend + enemy = Frenemy
47. Gigantic + enormous = Ginormous
48. Glamorous + Camping = Glamping
49. Gleam + shimmer = Glimmer
50. Global + English = Globish
51. Guess + estimate = Guesstimate
52. Guitar + arthritis = Guitarthritis
53. Hand + Video camera = Handy cam.
54. Helicopter + Airport = Heliport
55. High + Technology = Hi-tech
56. Huge + monstrous = Humongous
57. Hunger + angry = Hangry
58. Information + commercial = Infomercial
59. Information + entertainment = Infotainment

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60. International + Network = Internet
61. International + Police = Interpol
62. Keyboard + guitar = Keytar
63. Laundry + Automat = Laundromat
64. Lecture + Demonstration = Lecdem
65. Man + animal = Manimal
66. Man + explaining = Mansplaining
67. Mass + prestige = Masdtige
68. Mechanics + electronics = Mechatronics
69. Medical + Care = Medicare
70. Medical + claim = Mediclaim
71. Medical + evacuation = Medevac
72. Mock + cocktail = Mocktail
73. Modulator + Demodulator = Modem.
74. Motor + Bike = Mobike
75. Motor + Hotel = Motel
76. Motor + Pedal cycle = Moped.
77. Multiple + Complex = Multiplex
78. Naphthenic + palmitic = Napalm
79. News + Broadcast = Newscast
80. Nigeria + Hollywood = Nollywood
81. Oxford + Cambridge = Oxbridge
82. Parachute + troops = Paratroops
83. Phone + tablet = Phablet
84. Pulse + quasar = Pulsar
85. Sheep + people = Sheeple
86. Situation + comedy = Sitcom
87. Sky + Laboratory = Skylab
88. Slang + language = Slanguage
89. Smack + mash = Smash
90. Smoke + Fog = Smog.
91. Spanish + English = Spanglish
92. Spoon + Fork = Spork
93. Sports + broadcast = Sportscast
94. Stay + Vacation = Staycation
95. Technology + Wizard = Techno-wizard.
96. Television + evangelist = Televangelist
97. Television + evangelist = Televangelist
98. Television + photogenic = Telegenic
99. Transfer + Resistor = Transistor
100. Travel + Catalogue = Travelogue
101. Vegetable + Burger = Vegeburger
102. Video + blog = Vlog
103. Video + idiot = Videot
104. Vital + amine = Vitamin
105. Volcanic + ash = Vash
106. Web + Log = Blog
107. Web + seminar = Webinar
108. Wireless + fidelity = Wifi
109. Work + alcoholic = Workaholic
110. Work + Welfare = workfare
CLIPPED WORDS (1 MARK)
1. Advertisement - ad
2. Airplane - plane
3. Alchemist - chemist
4. Alligator - gater
5. Alumni - alum
6. Amend - mend
7. Ampere - amp
8. Automobile - auto
9. Bicycle - cycle
10. Brassiere - bra
11. Bride groom - groom
12. Brother - bro
13. Burst - bust
14. Cabriolet - cab
15. Cafeteria - cafe
16. Calculus - calc

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17. Canterbury gallop - canter
18. Capsule - caps
19. Caravan - van
20. Celebrities - celebs
21. Centum - cent
22. Champion - champ
23. Chrysanthemum - mum
24. Cleric - clerk
25. Coattails - tails
26. Coeducation - coed
27. Convict - con
28. Cooperative - co-op
29. Cucumber - cuke
30. Curiosity - curio
31. Daddy - dad
32. Debutante - debut
33. Demarcate - mark
34. Discotheque - disco
35. Diskette - disc
36. Disport - sport
37. Disport - sport
38. Distil - still
39. Doctor - doc
40. Dormitory - dorm
41. Drapery - drape
42. Earthquake - quake
43. Examination - exam
44. Facsimile - fax
45. Fanatic - fan
46. Flatiron - iron
47. Fountain pen - pen
48. Gabble - gab
49. Gasoline - gas
50. Gentlemen - gens
51. Graduate - grad
52. Gymnasium - gym
53. Hackney - hack
54. Hamburger - burger
55. Handkerchief - kerchief
56. Helicopter - copter
57. Hippopotamus - hippo
58. Hitchhike - hitch
59. Identity - id
60. Influenza - flu
61. Information - info
62. Introduction - intro
63. Jet aircraft - jet
64. Kilogram - kilo
65. Laboratory - lab
66. Limousine - limo
67. Lubricate - lube
68. Luncheon - lunch
69. Market - mart
70. Mathematics - maths
71. Mayonnaise - mayo
72. Memorandum - memo
73. Microphone - mike
74. Mistress - miss
75. Modern - mod
76. Motor bike - bike
77. Movie pictures - movie
78. Mummy - mum
79. Necktie - tie
80. Newscast - news
81. Newsflash - flash
82. Nexktie - tie
83. Non-vegetarinan - non-veg
84. Okay - ok
85. Oleomargarine - margarine
86. Omnibus - bus
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87. Pantaloons - pants
88. Parachute - chute
89. Paragraph - para
90. Pathway - path
91. Penitentiary - pen
92. Pepper - pep
93. Perambulator - pram
94. Percolate - perk
95. Periwig - wig
96. Perquisite - perk
97. Photograph - photo
98. Popmusic - pop
99. Popular - pop
100. Pressure cooker - cooker
101. Professional - pro
102. Professor - prof
103. Promenade - prom
104. Public house - pub
105. Raccoon - coon
106. Referee - ref
107. Reference - ref
108. Refrigerator - fridge
109. Rehabilitate - rehab
110. Representative - rep
111. Reputation - rep
112. Revolution - rev
113. Rhinoceros - rhino
114. Saxophone - sax
115. Scramble - scram
116. Situation comedy - sitcom
117. Specification - specs
118. Spectacles - specs
119. Statistics - stats
120. Stereophonic - stereo
121. Storehouse - store
122. Submarine - sub
123. Suitcase - case
124. Taxicab - taxi
125. Teenager - teen
126. Telephone - phone
127. Temperature - temp
128. Topbrass - brass
129. Tram car - tram
130. Trigonometry - trig
131. Triumph - trump
132. Tubelight - tube
133. Turnpike - pike
134. Typographical error - typo
135. Umpire - ump
136. University - varsity
137. Vegetarian - veg
138. Veteran - vet
139. Veterinarian - vet
140. Zoological garden - zoo
RIGHT DEFINITION (1 MARK)
-PHOBIA WORDS
1. Achievemephobia - fear of success
2. Acousticophobia - fear of noise
3. Acrophobia - fear of heights
4. Aerophobia - fear of flying
5. Agoraphobia - fear of open places.
6. Ailurophobia - fear of cats
7. Alektorophobia - fear of chicken
8. Amnesiphobia -fear of amnesia
9. Anglophobia - fear of using english.
10. Anthophobia - fear of flowers
11. Anthropophobia - fear of people
12. Arachnophobia - fear of spiders
13. Arsonphobia - fear of fire

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14. Astraphobia - fear of thunder
15. Autophobia - fear of being alone or isolated
16. Bibliophobia - fear of books
17. Bromidrophobia - fear of body smells
18. Carcinophobia - fear of cancer
19. Catoptrophobia - fear of mirrors
20. Chronophobia - fear of future
21. Claustrophobia - fear of enclosed space
22. Cyberphobia - fear of computers
23. Cynophobia - fear of dogs
24. Demophobia - fear of crowds
25. Didaskaleinophobia - fear of school
26. Ecophobia - fear of home
27. Emetophobia - fear of vomiting
28. Glossophobia - fear of public speaking
29. Hemophobia - fear of blood
30. Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia – fear of long words
31. Hydrophobia - fear of water
32. Latrophobia - fear of doctors
33. Mastigophobia - fear of punishment
34. Melophobia - fear of music
35. Monophobia - fear of being alone
36. Numerophobia - fear of numbers
37. Nyctophobia - fear of night
38. Ochophobia - fear of vehicles
39. Ombrophobia - fear of rain
40. Oneirophobia - fear of dreams
41. Ophidiophobia - fear of snakes
42. Ornithophobia - fear of birds
43. Panophobia - fear of everything
44. Phasmophobia - fear of ghosts
45. Philophobia - fear of love
46. Phobophobia - fear of fear
47. Photophobia - fear of light
48. Plutophobia - fear of wealth
49. Psychophobia - fear of mind
50. Pyrophobia - fear of fire
51. Radiophobia - fear of radiations
52. Rupophobia - fear of dirt
53. Scolionophobia - fear of school
54. Sitophobia - fear of food
55. Somniphobia - fear of sleep
56. Tachophobia - fear of speed
57. Telephonophobia - fear of talking on phone
58. Theophobia - fear of god
59. Trypophobia - fear of hole
60. Vehophobia - fear of driving
61. Xenophobia - dislike people from other countries
62. Zoophobia - fear of animals
-MANIA WORDS
63. Bibliomania - passionate towards collecting books
64. Choreomania - dancing mania
65. Dipsomania - insatiable craving for alcoholic beverages
66. Kleptomania - strong desire to steal
67. Megalomania - exaggerating belief in one’s importance
68. Plutomania - abnormal craving for wealth
69. Pyromania - an obsessive desire to set fire
70. Squandermania-the practice of spending money extravagantly
71. Theomania - belief that one is God
72. Zoomania - abnormal love of animals
-IST WORDS
73. Archeologist - studies artefacts and physical remains
74. Cardiologist - treats heart diseases
75. Dermatologist - specializes in skin problems
76. Entomologist - studies insects
77. Gastroenterologist - treats stomach disorders
78. Geologist - studies the matter that constitutes the earth
79. Gynaecologist - treats diseases specific to women

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80. Herpetologist - studies reptiles and amphibians
81. Linguist - studies languages and their structures
82. Meteorologist - studies atmosphere, weather and climate
83. Neonatologist - specializes in critical infants
84. Nephrologist - treats kidney diseases
85. Neurologist - treats diseases and disorders of the nervous system
86. Ophthalmologist - treats vision problems
87. Ornithologist - studies birds
88. Otolaryngologist - treats the problems of ear, nose and tongue
89. Pathologist - studies diseases
90. Pulmonologist - specializes in lung problems
91. Pyromania - an obsessive desire to set fire to things
92. Seismologist - studies earthquakes
93. Sociologist - studies functioning of human society
-OGY WORDS
94. Cynology - study of dog training
95. Ecology - study of relationship between living organisms and
their environment
96. Ichthyology - study of fish
97. Oology - study of birds eggs
98. Ornithology - study of birds
-ISM WORDS
99. Absenteeism - habitual failure to be present at work.
100. Amateurism- participating in sports as a hobby rather than for
money
101. Barbarism - a brutal barbarous, savage act
102. Criticism - a serious examination and judgement of something
103. Egocentrism - concern for your own interests and welfare
104. Feminism - a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women
105. Heroism - exceptional courage when facing danger
106. Idealism- belief that the best possible concepts should be pursued
107. Nationalism -the doctrine that your country’s interests are
superior
108. Optimism- hopeful feeling that everything is going to turn out well
109. Patriotism - love of country
-CIDE WORDS
110. Ambicide - killing a friend
111. Filicide,Prolicide - killing of one’s son or daughter
112. Fratricide - killing of brothers or sisters
113. Genocide - killing a particular community
114. Homicide - killing of other person
115. Hosticide - killing an enemy
116. Infanticide - killing of children
117. Mariticide,Viricide - killing of one’s husband
118. Matricide - killing of mother
119. Parenticide - killing one’s parents
120. Parricide - killing of one’s relation
121. Patricide - killing of father
122. Sororicide - killing one’s sister
123. Suicide - self killing
124. Uxoricide - killing of one’s wife
Q.NO: 10 FOREIGN WORDS (1 MARK)
1. Ad hoc - created or done for a particular purpose.
2. Ad interim - temporarily
3. Ad nauseam - to a sickening degree because of any legal
4. Ad valorem - according to the value
5. Adieu! - Goodbye
6. Alias - otherwise known as
7. Alibi - accused claiming his presence elsewhere at
the time of crime
8. Ante meridiem - before noon
9. Bandicoot - kind of rat
10. Bon homie - good-natured friendliness
11. Bon voyage -saying good bye
12. Bonafide - genuine

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13. Bons mots - witty remarks
14. Bungalow - bengal style house
15. Carte blanche -unlimited authority
16. Catamaran - multi-hulled watercraft
17. Coir - rope
18. Courant - animal represented in the act of running
19. De facto - actual / real
20. Déjà vu - present happening felt like happened in the past
21. Elite - the best of a group / high class persons
22. En famille - as a family
23. En masse - as a whole group / all together
24. En route - on the way to
25. Ex gratia - a payment made as a favour
26. Ex parte - on one side
27. Fait accompli - established fact
28. Faux pas - a social blunder
29. Guru - master
30. Honoria - honour
31. In camera - in private
32. In cognito - in disguise
33. In memoriam - in memory of
34. In toto - totally
35. Ipso facto - by the fact itself
36. Liaison - coordination of activities
37. Lingua franca - a common language
38. Locus standi - a place or standing
39. Mala fide - with bad faith
40. Mater - mother
41. Melee - confused scuffle
42. Modus operandi - method of operating
43. Mon ami - my friend
44. Nouveau riche - person who has recently become rich /
acquired wealth
45. Par excellence - eminently
46. Pari pasu - with equal pace
47. Persona non grata - unacceptable person
48. Post-mortem - medical examination with dead body
49. Prima facie - at first sight/clear & evident
50. Pro bono - done without charge
51. Proforma - for the sake of form
52. Protégé - dependent who is helped and taught by an expert
53. Quid pro quo - something for something
54. Rapport - close relationship with good understanding
55. Resume - a brief summary
56. Sans - without
57. Sine die - without a fixed date
58. Status quo - existing condition
59. Sub judice - under judicial consideration
60. Tete a tete - an intimate private conversation
61. Verandah - platform
62. Verbatim - using exactly the same words
63. Versus - against
64. Via media - a middle way or compromise between extremes
65. Vide - with refrence to
66. Viva voce - a spoken examination
www.nammakalvi.in

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SENTENCE PATTERN (1 MARK)
1. You must speak truth always.
a. SVIODO b. SVOA c. SVOC
2. He went on foot.
a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO
3. Japan is a mountainous country.
4. My sister is clever.
5. Honey is sweet.
6. They chose him the pilot.
a. SVIODO b. SVCA c. SVOA
7. I met him yesterday.
a. SVIODO b. SVCA c. SVOA
8. He is always honest.
a. SVCA b. SVAC c. SVIODO
9. Suddenly the car stopped.
a. ASV b. SVA c. SVO
10. She is now a teacher in Chennai.
a. SVOCA b. SVACA c. SVOAC
11. They have drunk coffee.
12. I have written a novel.
13. Reading makes him a complete man.
a. SVCA b. SVOC c. SVIODO
14. They paid him a huge amount.
a. SVCA b. SVAC c. SVIODO
15. They named the child Mohan.
a. SVOA b. SVAC c. SVIODO
16. The pupil is brilliant.
17. The teacher teaches us Mathematics.
a. SVAC b. SVOA c. SVIODO
18. He is a dentist.
19. We celebrate Ramzan every year.
a. SVOC b. SVOA c. SVIODO
20. I won a gold medal.
21. His father gave him a school bag.
22. Yesterday they chose him the leader.
a. ASVOC b. ASVOA c. ASVIODO
23. My father is little busy in the office.
24. Where is he?
a. ASV b. AVS c. SVO
25. The gates were opened yesterday.
26. My teacher asked me a question.
a. SVCA b. SVOA c. SVIODO
27. He became sad suddenly.
a. SVCA b. SVOA c. SVOC
28. I met my teacher in the market.
a. SVOC b. SVOA c. SVCA
29. Children like ice cream.
30. Gandhiji always spoke truth.
a. SVCA b. SAVA c. SAVO
31. We bought a car yesterday.
a. SVOA b. SVOC c. SVIODOA
32. He slept for a long time last night.
a. SVAC b. SVOC c. SVAA
33. My mother is going to Bangalore.
a. SVC b. SVO c. SVA
34. Jim sent Della some foreign stamps.
a. SVOA b. SVOC c. SVIODO

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35. You shall present your views now.
a. SVCOA b. SCVOA c. SVOA
36. Reading made him a complete man.
37. He sang me a song melodiously.
a. SVOC b. SVOAC c. SVIODOA
38. He sang me a melodious song.
a. SVIODO b. SVOA c. SVCA
39. This shoe is large.
40. He was going to school.
a. SVO b. SVA c. SVCA
QUESTION TAG (1 MARK)
1. I won’t repeat it, will I ?
2. Swarna cannot run fast, can she?
3. The lessons are quite interesting, aren’t they?
4. We need not come tomorrow, need we?
5. Shreya draws well, doesn’t she?
6. She rarely absents herself, does she?
7. Our team will win the match, won’t it?
8. Let’s go for a movie, shall we?
9. Plants give out oxygen during the day, don’t they?
10. The flag has four colors on it, hasn’t it?
11. You should treat each other with respect, shouldn’t you?
12. Character is influenced by surroundings, isn’t it?
13. Please give me your pen, won’t you?
14. I am right, ain’t I?
15. Your sister cooks well, doesn’t she?
16. I am not late, am I?
17. He hasn’t completed the painting, has he?
18. It has been raining heavily, hasn’t it?
19. He never fails in his duty, does he?
20. He hardly absents himself, does he?
21. He can use this, can’t he?
22. This lesson is easy, isn’t it?
23. I shall carry the bags for you, shan’t I?
24. You know this story, don’t you?
25. The bus is early today, isn’t it?
26. There is no water in the tank, is it?
27. You can study well, can’t you?
28. They were climbing the trees, weren’t they?
29. The sun sets in the west, doesn’t it?
30. Students should be allowed to use the library every day, shouldn’t
they?
31. A little sugar is added, isn’t it?
32. The boys have come, haven’t they?
33. Let us go to the beach, shall we?
34. She studied in America, didn’t she?
35. She doesn’t like sweets, does she?
36. Mr.Ranjith is a great scholar, isn’t he?
37. You can complete this project, can’t you?
38. Ahalya will never accept your proposal, will she?
39. Mahathi sings very well, doesn’t she?
40. These girls sing very well, don’t they?
41. Priya sang very well yesterday, didn’t she?
42. Please bring me a glass of water, would you?
43. Always follow the traffic rules, would you?
44. Join us for lunch tomorrow, will you?
45. Don’t ever meddle with my papers, will you?
46. The young should learn to take up responsibilities, shouldn’t they?
47. The toys in the box are not new, are they?

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48. Nobody has arrived yet, have they?
49. Everyone will attend the party, won’t they?
50. The peacock is the national bird of India, isn’t it?
51. Something has gone wrong in the circuit, hasn’t it?
52. This is not your dad’s car, is it?
53. There was a pond beside the temple, wasn’t there?
54. We rarely visit our native town, do we?
55. A few germs can be viewed through this microscope, can’t they?
56. Little do your parents know about this problem, do they?
57. Let’s all go to the beach this evening, shall we?
58. Neither of my friends helped me in that situation, did they?
59. All of us are not eligible to apply for this course, are we?
60. The children are very happy today, aren’t they?
61. You have not returned my books yet, have you?
62. We enjoyed the trip very much, didn’t we?
63. Let’s clean the shelves this weekend, shall we?
64. My mother rarely travels by bus, does she?
65. Somebody must bell the cat, mustn’t they?
66. Anita never comes late to office, does she?
67. I am always the winner, ain’t I?
68. Don’t commit this mistake again, will you?
69. Bacteria can never survive in extreme weather condition, can’t
they?
70. Leaves wither during autumn, don’t they?
PREPOSITION (1 MARK)
1. The road is filled __ rubbles.
a. With b. on c. out
2. Hang the charts __ the wall.
a. In b. on c. by
3. I do it __ force of my habit.
a. In b. by c. at
4. The cat hid __ the door.
a. Behind b. under c. on
5. The people stood __ the road to watch the procession go by.
a. Across b. along c. on
6. This is a cheque __ Rs. 1000/-
a. Of b. for c. with
7. He was reclining __ a chair.
a. In b. On c. at
8. We could not get help __ anyone.
a. From b. till c. in
9. I agree __ your proposal.
a. To b. with c. for
10. The work will be over __ this evening.
a. On b. by c. in
11. The ladder is placed ___ the wall.
a. On b. upon c. against
12. They selected me for the job only __ merit.
a. On b. in c. for
13. We are going __a holiday next week.
a. On b. in c. for
14. Ravi stayed with his uncle __ six months.
a. By b. in c. for
15. We found an isolated bungalow __ the park.
a. Along b. beside c. below
16. I have been practising __ morning.
a. By b. for c. since
17. My book is __ the table.
a. On b. in c. at

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18. I was waiting __ you.
a. For b. of c. to
19. He swam __ the river.
a. Along b. across c. among
20. He is sitting __ me.
a. Beside b. beyond c. along
21. The letter was posted __ me.
a. At b. by c. with
22. The baby has been sleeping __ a long time.
a. For b. since c. at
23. My uncle visitS me __ May.
a. On b. at c. in
24. I write a letter __ pen.
a. At b. by c. with
25. I went to Chennai __ my daddy.
a. With b. at c. On
26. I am sitting __ Ram and Shyam.
a. Among b. Beside c. Between
27. I went __ him.
a. On b. after c. among
28. He congratulated me __ my success.
a. On b. at c. for
29. He comes to school __ bicycle.
a. On b. by c. with
30. I am worried __ his health.
a. With b. about c. for
31. We were __ a traffic accident.
a. At b. in c. on
32. My brother is __ America.
a. On b. in c. at
33. He came here __ night.
a. In b. at c. on
34. Leo is having a car __ a bike.
a. Beside b. besides c. with
35. He goes to school __ 8.30 am.
a. At b. on c. in
36. We shall look __ the matter.
a. At b. up c. into
37. He built his hut __ the side of the lake.
a. At b. on c. by
38. He jumped __ the river.
a. Into b. in c. at
39. He spoke __ the issues.
a. On b. about c. in
40. We go to Temple __ Fridays.
a. In b. On c. At
41. This pencil is __ my sister.
a. of b. for c. to
42. I am fond __ coffee.
a. Of b. on c. in
43. He is __ the room.
a. In b. on c. at
44. There is a temple __ my house.
a. Near b. among c. at
45. The boy jumped into a narrow stream.
a. Onto b. into c. at
46. Afsar will meet me on Friday morning.
a. On b. in c. at
47. The temple is near/beside the bank.
a. Behind b. beside c. besides
48. My friend will meet me with his brother tomorrow.
a. Along b. with c. by
49. There is usually a garden in front of the bungalow.
a. In front of b. within c. through
50. Yuvan has been studying well since childhood.
a. For b. since c. always
51. A trekker climbed on a mountain meticulously.
a. In b. on c. at
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52. There was a skirmish between my brother and sister.
a. Among b. aside c. between
53. The laudable thoughts were apparent among many scholars in a
conference.
a. Among b. aside c. between
54. It is easy to work under the aegis of visionary leader.
a. under b. aside c. between
55. He is coming __ Ramnad.
a. To b. from c. in
RELATIVE PRONOUN (1 MARK)
1. This is the boy _who_ won the race.
2. Show me the book _that/which_ you bought yesterday.
3. Is there anyone _who_ can help me do this homework?
4. That is the house _where_ I was born.
5. The wrong deeds _that_ we do more often remembered than our
good ones.
6. My friend _whose_ father works in Agra has come.
7. Most of the friends _whom_ she had invited came for her wedding
8. The film is about a leader _who_ led the freedom struggle.
9. Kumarasamy _whose_ house I live in owns most of the mills in this
town.
10. Shakespeare, _who_ lived in the 16th century, is considered to be
the greatest dramatist.
ARTICLES (1 MARK)
1. _The_ earth revolves around the sun.
2. _A_ thing of beauty is a joy forever.
3. _An_ unexpected gift makes one happy.
4. Christians consider _the_ Bible as holy book.
5. Every child jumps with joy at the sight of _an_ elephant.
6. Give me _a_ second to get ready.
7. He has _a_ problem in hearing.
8. He holds _an_ M.A. degree in History.
9. He is _a_ Japanese.
10. He saw _a_ one eyed beggar.
11. He switched on _the_ light.
12. He was reclining on _the_ chair.
13. He will be back in _an_ hour.
14. I am _a_ university graduate.
15. I saw _an_ elephant.
16. I tried out _an_ experiment.
17. I went to _the_ airport to catch a flight to Mumbai.
18. Kamala is _an_ idle girl.
19. Karthik is _a_ famous actor.
20. Kumar is _an_ Indian.
21. Last week, I met _a_ European.
22. Mum plays _the_ piano.
23. She has returned home for _a_ moment’s rest.
24. Siva gave me _a_ one rupee coin.
25. The Baron was one of _the_ richest men in Europe.
26. The fort was surrounded by _the_ enemy soldiers.
27. The Ganga is _an_ important holy river for the Hindus.
28. The mobile is _a_ utility item.
29. The uncle presented me _an_ HMT watch on my birthday.
30. This is _the_ book that I had been looking for in all the book shops.
31. This is not _the_ easiest way to do it.
32. Tiger is _the_ national animal of India.
33. We have holidays on _the_ tenth of this month.
34. What _an_ amazing model!
35. What _a_ lovely flower!
36. He works at _the_ university of Madras.

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MODAL AUXILIARIES (1 MARK)
1) Eve-teasers _should_ be severely punished .
2) A good teacher _can_ make even bore lessons interesting.
3) I _would_ like to hear you play the flute.
4) Soldiers sacrifice their life that others _may_ be happy.
5) We _should_ help the needy.
6) I _would_ swim in the river everyday when I was young.
7) No man _can_ call back yesterday.
8) We _must/should_ keep the rules of the road.
9) Students _should_ submit the record notebooks on time.
10) People who live in glass house _should_ not throw the stone.
11) If you perform well, you _will_ win the prize.
12) I hope you _could_ succeed.
13) All citizens _must/should_ obey the laws of the land.
14) One _must/should_ always keep one’s promises.
15) You _must/should_ not pluck the flowers.
16) The sky is overcast. It may rain but I don’t think it would.
17) The world should avoid war.
18) I can smell something burning in the kitchen. It may be the meat.
19) I wish you would tell me the truth.
20) Visit us tomorrow. My brother will be happy to see you.
21) May God bless you?
22) I shall gladly do it for you.
23) Even if you ask me not to go, I will.
24) Army soldiers must obey the officers.
25) You should be 18 to become a voter.
26) The world should avoid war.
27) May I ask you a favour?
28) If you visit us, we will be happy.
29) Don’t worry. This may happen to anyone.
30) During my teens, I would always sit for hours together before the
TV.
31) If you worked hard, you would pass.
32) Be alert, this may happen to anyone.
33) Soldiers sacrifice their lives that others may be happy.
34) During our trip to the states, shall we visit the Niagara Falls?
35) The patient is very critical, but who knows he may recover.
36) Caesar’s wife must be above suspicion.
37) People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
38) Give me a fish I can live for a day. Teach me to fish I can live for life.
39) God cannot be everywhere, so he made mothers.
40) It will make a man scratch where he doth not itch to see a man live
poor to die rich.
41) Thou shall not steal.
42) One never knows what the future will bring.
43) Law makers should not be law breakers.
44) You _need _ not read every chapter.
45) I _need not_ buy a carton of milk.
46) I _used to_ swim in the river when I was young.
47) We _ought to_ help the needy.
48) Students _ought to_ submit their record notebooks on time.
49) He _used to_ play football in his college days.
50) You _ought to_ be ashamed of his conduct.
51) He _used to_ read many books during his school days.
52) I _used to_ wake up at 5 o’ clock in the morning. When I was young.
53) Children _ought to_ take care of their parents during their old age.
54) How _dare_ you oppose the leader ?
55) How _dare_ you ask me such a question.
56) My grandmother _used to_ tell me bed time stories when I was
young.
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XII STD

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