In hot climates such as the Gulf Cooperating Council (GCC) region, the cooling systems demand represents approximately 50% and up to 70% of total and peak electricity consumptions, respectively. In Iraq cooling shares about 75% of the electricity consumption.

1. District Cooling
Systems
HUSSEIN ABUSHAMAH
1

2. Baghdad Climate

3.  In hot climates such as the Gulf Cooperating Council (GCC) region, the cooling systems demand
represents approximately 50% and up to 70% of total and peak electricity consumptions,
respectively. In Iraq cooling shares about 75% of the electricity consumption.
Approximately 99% of air-conditioning and refrigeration loads worldwide are met by electricity.
The growth of electricity demand will take place essentially due to rises in population in developing
economies that are in hot-climate regions, and seek improved comfort (i.e., India, China, Indonesia,
the Middle East)
Cooling Systems and Electricity Demand

4. 60 – 70 % of
electricity
demand is for
cooling systems
Cooling Systems and Electricity Demand

5. Cooling Systems and Electricity Demand

6. District Cooling System
• Basically, a district cooling system (DCS) distributes cooling capacity in the form of chilled
water from a central source to multiple buildings through a network of underground pipes
for use in space and process cooling.
• Individual user purchases chilled water for their building from the district cooling system
operator and do not need to install their own chiller plants.
• For this system, a central chiller plant, a pump house and a distribution pipeline network
are required.
• The DCS is an energy-efficient air-conditioning system as it consumes 35% and 20% less
electricity as compared with traditional air-cooled air-conditioning systems and individual
water-cooled air-conditioning systems using cooling towers respectively.

7. Low energy requirements—for a given cooling demand, DC systems generally consume less energy than on-site
cooling systems, mainly due to large-scale central water-cooled chiller plants being more efficient than on-site small-
capacity air-cooled systems.
 Lower unit cost of cooling, due to lower energy, maintenance and construction costs.
Emissions are not only reduced but also more easily handled at a remote, centralized chiller plant than at individual
building’s air-conditioning systems.
 More reliable service (i.e., reliability in excess of 99.7%), because of high standard industrial equipment, backup
chillers, and the availability of professional, ongoing operation and maintenance support, and longer life span (i.e., 25–
30 years) than for conventional on-site air-conditioners (i.e., 10–15 years).
 Space savings at the end-user site, since DC systems are remotely located.
The Advantages of District Cooling Systems

8. GCC District Cooling
32% of the global installed district
cooling capacity is in GCC region.

9. The Pearl Qatar
District cooling plant
The Pearl of Qatar is a 400-hectare (1600 dunam (2500 m2)) manmade island
located off the eastern coast of Qatar
The nominal 130,000-ton district CHW plant that serves the cooling needs for all
buildings on the island
Length of the Pipe Distribution Network is 92 kilometers supply/return pipelines
with diameters ranging between 75 mm to 1400 mm and one boosting station.
52 Chillers 45000 residents 15000 apartments 700 villas

10. The Pearl Qatar
District cooling plant

11. The Pearl
Qatar
District cooling
plant

12. The Pearl Qatar
District cooling plant
The Pearl Qatar
District cooling plant

14. District
Cooling plants
in Qatar
Operational

15. District Cooling
plants in Qatar
Under
construction

16. District Cooling
plants in Qatar
Under
construction

17. District Cooling
plants in Qatar
Under Design

18. Energy Source for Cooling Systems
Options: Electricity or Heat?
Power
Generation
Transmission
Grid
Distribution
Grid
Local
Distribution
Substation
Compression
cycle Chiller
Chilled Water
Heat Generation
Gas, Oil, Solar,
Nuclear
Absorption Cycle
Chiller
Local Power Plant
Absorption Cycle
Chiller
The Optimal Strategy
depends on many factors
and will be different for
different countries

19. Specifications of the Heat-Driven Chillers

20. Medium-large-Capacity
Commercially Available
Absorption Chillers for
District Cooling
Application

21. Nuclear Energy
for District Cooling
HUSSEIN ABUSHAMAH, RADEK SKODA,
JANA JIŘIČKOVÁ, FACULTY OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY
OF WEST BOHEMIA
1

22. Heat
exchanger
hall
Nuclear heat-only plant
Hot
Water
Return
Water
Return
Water
District heating
network
Hot water
98 °C
SFAs from VVER
Or
Low enrichment
Uranium
TEPLATOR
District Heating
Concept
2

23. TEPLATOR –
Novel Heat-only
Nuclear Concept
Reusing spent
nuclear fuel
Zero or
negative
fuel cost
No new
radioactive
waste
Saving
uranium
resources
Low
temperature
and pressure
Less
thickness of
the vessel
Higher
safety
Low
construction
cost
Modular and
compact
Construction
close to the
demand
Small
footprint
Short
construction
time
3

24. TEPLATOR – District Heating Competitivity
District
Heating
sources
Electric driven
technologies
Electric boiler
Compression heat pump
Non-electric
based heating
Fossil fuels Natural gas
Coal
CHP
Renewable
Biomass
Solar
Geothermal
Nuclear heat-
only
TEPLATOR
Absorption heat
pump
8 (€/GJ)
11.4 (€/GJ)
4 (€/GJ)
5

25. TEPLATOR –
District Cooling ?
TEPLATOR Solution
Pollution Free Energy
&
Neglectable Electricity
consumption
6

26. TEPLATOR – District Cooling Solution
Electric Driven Cooling
Systems
Thermal energy from
burning the fuel is
converted to electricity in
the power plants.
The electricity is transmitted
through HV/MV/LV grids to
the cooling plants or to the
consumers.
High investments for the
expansion of power grid will
be necessary due to rapid
growth of cooling demand.
Pollution emissions will be
increased rapidly.
7

27. TEPLATOR – District Cooling Feasibility
8

28. TEPLATOR – District Cooling Feasibility: Cooling
& Heating Demand Model
9

29. TEPLATOR – District Cooling Feasibility: Scenarios
Energy Source
District Cooling
System
Scenario 1 Coal Power Plant Electric Driven DCS
Scenario 2 Internal Combustion Power Plant Electric Driven DCS
Scenario 3 Nuclear Power Plant Electric Driven DCS
Scenario 4 Combined Cycle PP with 90% carbon capture Electric Driven DCS
Scenario 5 Heating Plant (TEPLATOR) Heat Driven DCS
10

30. TEPLATOR – District Cooling Feasibility: Costs
TEPLATOR
District
Cooling
Electrical
District
Cooling
TEPLATOR
construction
cost
TEPLATOR
Fuel Cost
TEPLATOR
O&M Cost
Heat
Transmission
Cost
Absorption
Cooling Plant
Construction
Cost
Absorption
Cooling Plant
O&M Cost
Power Plant
construction
cost
Power Plant
Fuel Cost
Power Plant
O&M Cost
Electricity T&D
Cost
Compression
Cooling Plant
Construction
Cost
Compression
Cooling Plant
O&M Cost
11

31. Strategy 1:
Coal Power
Plant
Strategy 1:
Internal
Combustion
Power Plant
Strategy 1:
Nuclear Power
Plant
Strategy 1:
Combined
Cycle Power
Plant
Strategy 2:
TEPLATOR
Levelized cost of primary energy
generation per MWh cooling demand
($/MWh)
21.35 18.17 28.52 18.68 10.44
Levelized cost of primary energy
transmission per MWh cooling
demand ($/MWh)
12.94 12.94 12.94 12.94 7.64
Levelized cost of DCP per one MWh
cooling demand ($/MWh)
15.23 15.23 15.23 15.23 14.02
Levelized cost of cooling energy
delivered to district distribution
piping network ($/MWh)
49.53 46.35 56.7 46.86 32.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
$/MWh
TEPLATOR – District Cooling Feasibility: Results
12
MW = 284 TR

32. TEPLATOR – District Cooling Electricity Saving
13
Plants Strategy 1 - Current
electric-driven district
cooling
In Iraqi Power System
Cooling demand 600 MW – (170,000 TR)
Power Plant (MWe) 242
314
Power Generation
Saving
1.5 KW/TR 2 KW/TR

33. Annual energy
demand (TWt.h)
Annual electricity
generation - Strategy
1 (TWe.h)
Annual heat
generation - Strategy
2 (TWt.h)
Total 3.53 1.39 5.68
Heating 0.31 0.35 0.38
Cooling 3.22 1.04 5.30
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
TWh
TEPLATOR – District Cooling Feasibility:
Electricity Saving
14
MWh = 284 TRh

34. Conclusions
 District Cooling is a promising
approach for solving the Iraqi power
grid.
 Economic solution for serving the
increasing cooling/heating demand.
 Elimination of the unwanted costly
energy conversion steps.
 Minimization the power system
expansion and operation costs.
 Fulfilling the pollution reduction
targets.
15

35. Thank you for your attention