2. 1. Who
Eg. The man who is waiting for the bus is my English teacher.
Eg 2. The man who I met on the bus yesterday is Phuong's
father.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm chủ ngữ
hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ theo sau nó
S
O
3. 2. Whom
Eg 3.The girl who you talked to yesterday is Lan.
= The girl whom you talked to yesterday is Lan.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm tân ngữ cho động
từ theo sau nó (Who thay thế được cho whom)
4. 3.Which
I am reading the book which is among the best
selling books in the world.
I am reading the book which you gave me on my
birthday.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật để làm chủ ngữ/ tân
ngữ cho động từ theo sau nó
S
o
5. 4.That
- The man who/that is talking over there is Mr
Huy.
- I am reading the book which/that you gave me
on my birthday.
Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật, có thể được dùng thay cho Who,
Whom, Which trong mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại mệnh đề xác định
6. Luôn luôn dùng “that”
- I saw her and her dog that were walking in the park.
- She talked about the people and places that she had
visited.
Khi thay thế cho những danh từ chỉ cả người lẫn vật
7. Luôn luôn dùng “that”
- My father is the one that I admire most.
- These books are all that my sister left me.
khi đi sau các đại từ bất định: no one, nobody, nothing,
anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something,
somebody, hoặc : all, some, any, little, none.
8. Luôn luôn dùng “that”
- My mother is the most beautiful woman that I
have ever known.
- She is the only person that I can believe.
Sau so sánh nhất, các từ chỉ thứ tự (first, second, next,
last, only…)
9. Cấu trúc với “that”
1. Câu chẻ
It + is/was + thành phần nhấn mạnh + that + S + V
- It is you that I am looking for.
- It was the book that my mother bought me last week.
10. Cấu trúc với “that”
It is/was not until + time/time clause + that + S + V
(mãi cho tới khi... thì)
- It is not until a Vietnamese girl getting 18 years old that
she is allowed to get married legally.
- It was not until late in the morning that he came home.
11. KHÔNG dùng “that”
She couldn't go to the party, that makes me sad.
(X)
She couldn't go to the party, which makes me sad.
(ok)
1. Theo sau dấu phẩy
12. KHÔNG dùng “that”
2. sau giới từ
The music to that I am listening is very sweet and gentle.
(x)
The music to which I am listening is very sweet and
gentle. (ok)
13. 5. Whose
- I am studying with Tom whose father is a
famous doctor.
- He is a famous writer whose books are mainly
novels.
Đứng sau danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật và thay cho tính từ sở
hữu + danh từ. Whose luôn đi kèm với một danh từ.
15. 1. When
• I still remember the day when my mother took me to school for the first
time.
•May is the month when I was born.
•That was the time when he managed the company.
= on which
in which
at which
16. 1. When
• Đứng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian, dùng thay cho on/at/in + which
Ví dụ:
• I still remember the day when my mother took me to school for the first
time.
= I still remember the day on which my mother took me to school for the
first time.
•May is the month when I was born.
= May is the month in which I was born.
•That was the time when he managed the company.
= That was the time at which he managed the company.
17. 2.Where
• Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, đứng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn,
thay cho at/on/in + which, there.
Ví dụ:
• That is the house where we used to live.
= That is the house in which we used to live.
18. 3.Why
• Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, đứng sau tiền ngữ "the reason",
dùng thay cho "for which”.
• Ví dụ:
Please tell me the reason why you are telling me a lie.
= Please tell me the reason for which you are telling me a lie.
20. 1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clause)
• Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là bộ phận quan trọng của
câu, nếu bỏ đi thì mệnh đề chính không có nghĩa rõ ràng.
• Ví dụ:
- The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister.
- The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting.
21. 2.Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-defining relative clause)
•Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh
từ đứng trước, là phần giải thích thêm, nếu bỏ đi thì mệnh đề
chính vẫn còn nghĩa rõ ràng.
• Ví dụ:
- Peter, who is my boyfriend, is very handsome and intelligent.
- My father, who is 50 years old, is a doctor.
22. 2.Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-defining relative clause)
Lưu ý:
• Được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bởi các dấu phẩy.
• Dấu hiệu nhận biết: phía trước ĐTQH là các Danh từ riêng: Nam, The
Smiths, các đại từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, hoặc tính từ sở hữu
my, his, her, your, our, their,...
•Không được dùng that trong mệnh đề không xác định.
VD:
- Nam, that you met yesterday, is my closefriend (F)
- Nam, who you met yesterday, is my closefriend. (T)
23. 3. Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp
Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp dùng để giải thích cho cả một
câu, trường hợp này chỉ dùng đại từ quan hệ which và dùng
dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề. Mệnh đề này thường luôn
đứng ở cuối câu.
• Ví dụ:
He sent me a bunch of flowers, which made me surprised.
She delete their memmory picture, which made him upset.
25. 1. RÚT GỌN MĐQH - CHỦ ĐỘNG
Eg.Kylian Mbappe is the player who has won the 2022 World
cup Golden Boot.
Steps:
• Who
• Has won → winning (V- ing)
→Kylian Mbappe is the player winning the 2022 World cup
Golden Boot.
Active
26. 2. RÚT GỌN MĐQH – BỊ ĐỘNG
Eg.There were 8 goals which were scored by him in 2022 World
cup.
Steps:
• which
• were scored→scored (V- ed/V3)
→There were 8 goals scored by him in 2022 World Cup.
Passive
27. 3. RÚT GỌN MĐQH – to infinitive (1)
Eg. He becomes the second-ever player who scored a
hattrick in a World Cup final, after Geoff Hurst for England in
1966.
Steps:
• who
• scored→to score (to V)
→He did so by becoming the second-ever player to score a
hattrick in a World Cup final, after Geoff Hurst for England in
1966.
active
28. 3. RÚT GỌN MĐQH – to infinitive (2)
Eg. Lionel Messi is the only player who is awarded the Golden
Ball for the best player.
Steps:
• who
• Is rewarded→to be rewarded (to be Vpp)
→Eg. Lionel Messi is the only player to be rewarded the
Golden Ball for the best player.
passive
29. 4. RÚT GỌN MĐQH –
Eg. Argentina's Enzo Fernandez, who is 21 years old player, won Young
Player of the Tournament.entina's Enzo Fernandez
Steps:
• Who is
→Eg. Argentina's Enzo Fernandez, 21 years old player, won Young
Player of the Tournament.
31. Dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn
• She is playing with her children in the garden.
• I have been learning French for 2 months.
32. Dùng trong mệnh đề nguyên nhân – kết quả (2 vế
có cùng chủ ngữ)
• Because he drives carelessly, he often causes accidents.
= Driving carelessly, he often causes accidents.
• Because she is careful, she often gets the highest grade.
= Being careful, she often gets the highest grade.
33. Dùng trong MĐQH rút gọn
• The man sitting next to you is a businessman.
= The man who is sitting next to you is a businessman.
34. Dùng như tính từ
• This is an interesting fiction book.
• He is a boring person.
35. Diễn tả 2 hành động song song, nối tiếp
• She said goodbye to everybody and went home.
= Saying goodbye to everyone, she went home.
37. Dùng trong các thì hoàn thành
• She had waited for him for 3 hours before going to the meeting.
• I have read three English novel so far.
38. Dùng như tính từ
• She is bored.
• I am interested in watching comedy.
39. Dùng trong MĐQH rút gọn
• The book written by Nguyen Nhat Anh is very interesting.
= The book which was written by Nguyen Nhat Anh is very
interesting.
41. 1.Dùng trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian để nói về hành động mà
đến trước 1 hành động khác kết nối với nó.
• Eg. After he had collected all necessary information,
he started writing his report.
→Having collected all necessary information, he started
writing his report.
Thường dùng trong kết hợp giữa QKHT và QKĐ
42. 2. Dùng giải thích lý do trong mệnh đề chỉ
nguyên nhân
• Because he had missed the bus,he had to walk to school.
→Having missed the bus, we had to walk to school.
• Because we treated the environment irresponsibly, we
now have to suffer the effects of climate change.
→Having treated the environment irresponsibly, we now
have to suffer the effects of climate change.
.
43. Lưu ý:
• Phân từ (participle) và các phần còn lại trong câu đều liên
quan đến cùng một chủ ngữ (đồng chủ ngữ)
→Which one is correct?
• Eg1. Looking through the window, I saw a dog chase my pet.
• Eg2. Looking through the window, a dog chased my cat.
44. • I. Add "A/ AN/ THE/ X" to each of the following sentences.
• 1. He made his first attempt to engage in sporting activities four
years ago with _________ support of his family.
• 2. He was _________ most talented football player that our
school had produced in years. His talent for _________ football
was great.
• 3. He did _________ Black Mountain hike with his friends, but
had to check his blood glucose levels every four hours.
• 4. Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le whose great
achievement was his books on ____________ history of Viet
Nam in ______________ 19th century?
• 5. __________ following year, he took part in Melbourne Sunset
run to raise funds for __________ orphanage.
45. • I. Add "A/ AN/ THE/ X" to each of the following sentences.
• 6. He wishes to straighten up and lead ___________ respectable
life. He would like to be socially acceptable due to his good
behavior.
• 7. He had to brake hard to avoid hitting _________ truck in front.
• 8. Doing things with generosity will give us _____________ true
happiness. _____________ more we give away, ___________
happier we are.
• 9. His career as _________ journalist was full of distinguished
achievements. He was _________ respected and admired
journalist.
• 10. Five years ago, when Edward was 35 years old, he was
diagnosed with _____________ diabetes.
46. • 1. He made his first attempt to engage in sporting activities four years
ago with __the__ support of his family.
• 2. He was __the__ most talented football player that our school had
produced in years. His talent for ___x___ football was great.
• 3. He did ___the_ Black Mountain hike with his friends, but had to
check his blood glucose levels every four hours.
• 4. Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le whose great achievement was
his books on ___ the ___ history of Viet Nam in ____ the ___ 19th
century?
• 5. ___ the ___ following year, he took part in ___ the __ Melbourne
Sunset run to raise funds for __ an ___ orphanage.
47. • 6. He wishes to straighten up and lead ___a___ respectable life. He
would like to be socially acceptable due to his good behavior.
• 7. He had to brake hard to avoid hitting ___ the ___ truck in front.
• 8. Doing things with generosity will give us ____x____ true happiness.
____ the ___ more we give away, ___ the ___ happier we are.
• 9. His career as ___a___ journalist was full of distinguished
achievements. He was __a_ respected and admired journalist.
• 10. Five years ago, when Edward was 35 years old, he was diagnosed
with ____x____ diabetes.
48. • 1. Linda insisted that the newly-born baby ____ after her husband's father.
• A. could be named B. be named C. must be named D. ought to be named
• 2. It was such a beautiful evening that one of us suggested we ____ the meeting outside.
• A. could have B. had C. might have D. have
• 3. I requested that first-year students ____ to change their courses in the first two weeks.
• A. would be permitted B. be permitted C. were permitted D. are permitted
• 4. His advisor recommended that he ____ at least three courses each semester
• A. takes B. can take C. should take D. would take
• 5. It is important that he ____ to the director of the programme.
• A. should speak B. speak C. would speak D. speaks
• 6. It's important that they ____ to take her medicine twice a day.
• A. remember B. remembering C. to remember D. remembers
• 7. I suggest that Frank ____ the instructions carefully before playing that game.
• A. reading B. to read C. read D. reads
• 8. Mrs. Smith demanded that the heater ____ immediately. Her apartment was freezing.
• A. repaired B. be repaired C. repair D. to repair
• 9. It's vital that the United States ____ on improving its public education system.
• A. focuses B. focus C. focusing D. focused
• 10. The monk insisted that the tourists ____ the temple until they had removed their shoes.
• A. not entering B. not to enter C. not enter D. don't enter
