1. Demography
Answers to the Quick Check Questions on page 55
1 Improvements in housing; cleaner drinking water; food and drink laws;
. improved sewerage; Clean Air Acts.
2 Changes in the position of women; decline in the infant mortality rate;
. children are now an economic liability; child-centred families.
3 Class differences in factors such as family size, access to good housing,
. sanitation, nutrition, mother’s knowledge of hygiene, access to health
services, uptake of immunisation.
4 Married women working may lead to a fall in the birth rate because they tend
. to delay childbearing or may not have children at all
5 Smaller families; better knowledge of hygiene; improved ante- and post-natal
. services; better nutrition.
6 They are continuing their education; starting careers; cohabiting and
. establishing a home before starting a family.
7 Immigrant mothers tend to have higher fertility rates.
.
8 Migrants tend to be of working age and in the short term this will reduce the
. dependency ratio. However, because migrants tend to be young and therefore
fertile, they are more likely to produce children and this will increase the
dependency ratio.