Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
12. ZOONOZIS.pdf
1. MICROBIOLOGY OF BACTERIAL
ZOONOZIS - BRUCELLESIS,
TULAREMIA, SIBERIAN ULCER,
PLAGUE
Subject Microbiology, Virology
for the major 31.05.01 General Medicine
Department of Microbiology and Virology
Author: Zaitseva Elena Alexandrovna
2. Zoonotic infections are human
infectious diseases, the source of
which are infected animals.
2 groups:
1.Transmitted from domestic and other
synanthropic animals.
2.Transmitted from wild animals -
natural focal zoonoses.
3. Common features
1. The source of infection is an animal (sick
or carrier).
2. A sick person is not dangerous for other
people (except the plague).
3. Localized in natural focal areas
(geographical landscape, inhabited by
carriers and their hosts.
4. Pathogens affect various types of
animals.
5. Man - by chance.
6. Can be used as a biological weapon
5. Brucellosis is a zooanthroponotic
infection characterized by fever,
lesion of the supporting-motor
apparatus , nervous and other
systems, a long course.
8. 2) Motionless
3) Capsules do not form
4) does not form spores
5) Strict aerobes (5-10% CO2)
6) pH 6.6-7.4
7) 34-370С
9. Chemoorganotrophs
respiratory metabolism
thiamine, niacin and biotin are
necessary; calcium pantothenate
Restore nitrates (except Brucella ovis)
Catalazo (+)
Oxidazo (+)
citrate is not recycled
indole does not form
Negative reactions with methyl red and
Voges-Proskauer
11. For differentiation use:
the ability of some biotypes to
produce hydrogen sulfide
sensitivity to the bacteriostatic action
of dyes - basic fuchsin and thionin
13. Pathogenicity factors :
Proteins of the outer membrane -
determine the adhesive activity.
Hyaluronidase - destroys hyaluronic
acid.
14. Persists for a long time :
- in water and cheese - more than 2
months
- kefir - up to 11 days
- milk - 40 days
- in solid varieties of cheese - 1 year
- raw milk - 3 months
- salted meat - 1 month
- wool - 4 months
- oil - 5 months
15. At low temperatures - up to several
years
At high temperatures: 60 ° С - 30
minutes
100 ° С (boiling) - death is instant
UV and disinfecting solutions also
act immediately destructively
27. 1.Veterinary :
- prevention of the introduction of the
pathogen into favorable households
through systematic examination and culling
of sick animals
- animal vaccination
- hygienic maintenance and disinfection of
premises in livestock farms
28. 2. Medical and sanitary:
- wearing special clothes for
livestock workers and
systematic examination of
brucellosis
- sanepidrezhim in the food
industry (control of potentially
dangerous products)
29. -pasteurization of milk
-Keeping cheese for 2 months,
hard cheese - 3 months
- livestock workers, and people in
disadvantaged epidemic areas, are
given brucellosis live dry vaccine,
they are now using a chemical
brucellosis vaccine (CBV)
30. Tularemia is a zoonotic, natural
focal infection characterized by
fever, intoxication, damage to the
lymph nodes (bubonic, ulcerous-
bubonic, agnino-bubonic and
oxyobubic forms of the disease),
respiratory tract, violation of the
integrity of the skin.
31. TULAREMIA
Causative agent – Francisella
tularensis (subspecies tularensis)
Family Francisellaceae
Genus Francisella
32. Francisella
Small rod-shaped (0.2
- 0.7 x 0.7 - 1.7 microns)
or coccoid
gram (-) bacteria
Do not have pili and
flagella
Dispute does not form
Surrounded by a thin
capsule
33. Facultative anaerobes
36-37 ° C, pH 6.8-7.2
Demanding growth
factors,
incubation - at least 3
days.
Contain O-antigen and
Vi-antigens
34. Virulence factors:
Intracellular parasitism - inhibition
of the lysosomal function of
phagocytes.
Capsule - protection against
phagocytosis.
Endotoxin - less active than other
gram (-) sticks endotoxin.
35. Resistance:
high resistance in the environment,
especially at low temperatures and high
humidity:
survives at −30° C
lasts in ice - up to 10 months
in frozen meat - up to 3 months
in the skins of rodents fallen from
tularemia, it persists up to 1.5 months at
room temperature and up to 1 week at a
temperature 30°C.
36. In river water at 10 ° C up to 9 months
in the soil - up to 2.5-4 months
on grain, straw at - 5°C up to 190 days
at 8°C up to 2 months,
at 20-30°C up to 3 weeks.
Long persists in milk, cream at low
temperatures.
37. Low-resistant to high temperatures (at
60°C dies in 5-10 minutes, at 100°C -
within 1-2 minutes),
sunlight, UV rays,
disinfectants (solutions of lysol,
chloramine, bleach kill it in 3-5 minutes).
38. Reservoir and source of infection:
Rodents (over 80 species): water
rats, common voles, house mice,
muskrats, hares, etc.).
The pathogen is not transmitted from
humans.
39. Ways of transmission:
Among animals through ixodic mites,
mosquitoes, less often - fleas,
gadflies, gamasid mites.
40. A person becomes infected with:
Contact path
Alimentary way
Air dust
Transmissive (rarely)
53. SPECIFIC PREVENTION
Live vaccine from strain No. 15 -
immunize population of endemic
areas and employees of
specialized laboratories
54. Siberian ulcer is an acute zoonotic
infection, characterized by severe
intoxication, skin lesions (pustule,
edema, carbuncle with black-
brown scab), lymph nodes and
other tissues
55. ANTHRAX
The causative agent is Anthrax
bacillus
Bacillus anthracis (from the greek.
anthrax - coal, formed malignant
carbuncle coal shade)
Family Bacillaceae
Genus Bacillus
56. B. аntracis
1) Gram (+) straight sticks (0.5
- 2.5 x 1.2 - 10 microns) with
chopped or slightly rounded
ends
2) arranged in chains
3) Motionless
4) Aerobes or facultative
anaerobes
5) 3 forms - vegetative without
capsule, vegetative capsular,
spore
73. Plague is an acute
zooanthroponotic natural focal
infection, characterized by a
severe course with severe
intoxication, fever, lesions of the
skin, lymph nodes, lungs and
other organs, high mortality.
74. Plague
Causative agent - Yersinia pestis
Family Enterobacteriacea
Genus Yersinia
Causative agent of
plague Y. pestis open
A. Jersen in 1894 г.
75. Yersinia pestis
Gram (-) ovoid
shaped sticks with
bipolar coloration.
Dispute does not
form.
Motionless.
Facultative
anaerobes.
Form a soft capsule.
77. Colonies of two types:
1) young ones - microcolonies with uneven
edges (“broken glass”), later they merge,
forming gentle flat formations with
scalloped edges (“lace handkerchiefs”)
78. 2) mature - large with a brown granular
center with jagged edges (“chamomile”).
80. Antigens:
O-antigen - endotoxin
F1-antigen
V/W (Vi) - antigen consists of a
protein (V-fraction) and lipoprotein
(W-fraction)
- antiphagocytic properties,
promotes intracellular growth of
bacteria
81. Mouse toxin is a protein-like
substance localized intracellularly;
causes shock and death,
effect - antagonist of adrenergic
receptors
82. bacteriocins (pesticin I and
pesticin II), which have
immunogenic properties and
have a bactericidal effect on
Y. pseudotuberculosis and
some strains of Escherichia
coli
83. - Biovar antiqua (Justinian's Plague,
527-565).
- - Biovar medievalis (“The Black
Death”, XIV-XV centuries).
-
- Biovar orientalis (Third pandemic
and most modern outbreaks of
plague (Hong Kong, 1894).
84.
85. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Sources of plague - about 250 species of
wild animals
Reservoir of infection:
rodents (gophers, tarabagans, marmots,
gerbils, voles, etc.)
