This document discusses zinc and selenium. It begins by outlining intended learning outcomes related to listing dietary sources and RDA, functions, deficiency manifestations, and therapeutic uses of zinc and selenium. It then provides details on the distribution, sources, and RDA of zinc and selenium. The functions of zinc include catalytic, structural, and regulatory roles, while selenium functions as an antioxidant and is part of antioxidant enzymes. Deficiency of zinc can cause skin and neurological conditions, while selenium deficiency is associated with cardiomyopathy and bone disease. Zinc helps treat Wilson's disease by replacing copper in the liver. The document ends with review questions.

1. ZINC
Dr. Niranjan G
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2. Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of this session ALL the students must be able
to
1. List the dietary sources & RDA of ZINC
2. List the functions of ZINC
3. Mention the deficiency manifestations of ZINC
4. Enumerate the therapeutic uses of ZINC
5. Explain how ZINC helps in the treatment of Wilson’s
disease
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3. Distribution
Whole body: 1.5g (female)
2.5g (male)
– Skeletal Muscle 57%
– Bone 29%
– Skin 6%
– Liver 5%
– Brain 1.5%
– Kidneys 0.7%
– Heart 0.4%
– Hair ~0.1%
– Blood Plasma ~0.1%
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5. Dietary Sources
*Good sources: shellfish, beef and red meat
*Slightly less good: Whole-grains
*Relatively good sources: nuts and legumes
• Absorbtion: Duodenum and Jejunum
• 95% Zn is intracellular → cytosol
RDA
• Children : 5
• Adults : 10
• Pregnancy :11
• Lactating :12
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6. FUNCTIONS OF ZINC
 Catalytic functions
 Structural Functions
 Regulatory Functions
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7. Catalytic functions of zinc
 DNA and RNA polymerases
 Alkaline phosphatases (ALP)
 Carbonic anhydrases (CA)
 Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH)
 Lactate dehydrogenase
 Peptidases
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8. Structural function of zinc
Zinc finger
proteins
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9. Regulatory Functions
• Receptor-mediated signal transduction
• Zn is abundant in presynaptic vesicles of
excitatory neurons, Depolarization releases Zn
• Antigen-dependent T-cell activation
• IL-6
• Zn release calcium ion from endoplasmic
reticulum
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10. ZINC DEFICIENCY
• Acrodermatitis entropatica
• Growth retardation
• Delayed sexual maturation and impotence
• Hypogonadism and oligoospermia
• Diarrhea
• Alopecia
• Skin lesions
• Glossitis,
• Nail dystrophy
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11. Acrodermatitis entropathica
 Impaired Immune function
 Hypogeusia
 Delayed healing of wounds
 Impaired appetite
 Photophobia
 lack of dark adaptation
 Photophobia
 Irritability
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12. Zinc in
WILSON’S
DISEASE
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13. Zinc treatment
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16. At the end of the session ALL the students must be able
to:
1. List the dietary sources & RDA of Selenium
2. List the functions of Selenium
3. Mention the deficiency manifestations of Selenium
Intended Learning Outcomes
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17. Endemic cardiomyopathy
due to selenium deficiency
“Keshan disease”
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19. Dietary sources & RDA
RDA (micro grams)
• Children : 30
• Adults : 55
• Pregnancy : 60
• Lactation : 70
Sources: Soil
Sea food
Nuts
Meat
Whole grains
Mushrooms
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20. Functions of Selenium
• Selenium is an antioxidant mineral
• It spares the requirement of other antioxidant
vitamins E & C
• Prevents lipid peroxidation & thereby hemolysis, fatty
liver, reduces the risk of cancer and atherosclerosisDr. Niranjan G 20

21. Selenium containing proteins
• Thioredoxin reductase
• Glutathione peroxidase
• Peripheral deiodinase
• Selenoprotein P
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23. • Essential component of glutathione and protect
from damage of peroxides.
• Incorporated in protein metabolism –
selenocysteine (21st amino acid).
• It acts as an intracellular antioxidant
• Along with VIT-E prevents hepatic necrosis and
muscular dystrophy.
• Contains 5’ deiodinase that converts T4  T3.
• In purine metabolism
Functions
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24. Chronic,
endemic osteochondropahy
Selenium supplementation
with or without vitamin E & C
• Kashin–Beck disease
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25. Kashin-beck disease
• Selenium deficiency also contributes to Kashin-
beck disease along with iodine deficiency results
in degeneration and necrosis of cartilage tissue
and Myxedematous Endemic Cretinism, a form of
hypothyroidism which results in mental
retardation and atrophy.
• Susceptible or infectious diseases due to Keshan
disease
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26. Kashin-beck disease
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27. Astragalus
bisulcatus
Selenosis
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28. selenosis
Emotional
disturbances
diarrhea
Garlic odor in
breath due to
dimethyl selenide
Weight
loss
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29. • Are anti oxidant vitamins EXCEPT:
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin A
c) Vitamin E
d) Riboflavin
• Are the following enzymes require ZINC . EXCEPT:
a) ALT
b) ALP
c) Carbonic anhydrase
d) DNA polymerase Dr. Niranjan G 29

30. • The following enzyme requires selenium as a cofactor
a) Catalase
b) Glutathione peroxidase
c) Peripheral de-iodinase
d) Thioredoxin reductase
• ZINC deficiency leads to all except
a) Acrodermatitis entropathica
b) Night blindness
c) More prone for infections
d) Allopacia
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