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Zig bee 1
The document provides information on ZigBee technology and its target markets. It discusses ZigBee's advantages such as being a standard in a fragmented market, having low power consumption, low cost, and high node density. Key target markets mentioned include consumer electronics, home automation, healthcare, and industrial applications. The document also provides details on ZigBee specifications, characteristics, and how it compares favorably to Bluetooth in aspects like power consumption and latency for applications like light switches.
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Zig bee 1
- 1. Market Application Landscape Graphics Hi-Fi Digital Text Internet audio Streaming video Multi-channel video video WAN Long Range GSM/CDMA GPRS/3G LMDS Wi-Fi Wi-Fi5 802.11b LAN 802.11a/HL2 Short Range ZigBee Bluetooth 2 802.15.4 WiMedia Bluetooth 1 802.15.3 802.15.1 PAN Low Data Rate High Data Rate Semiconductors 1
- 2. Why ZigBee? •Standard in a fragmented market – Many proprietary solutions, interoperability issues • Low Power consumption – Users expect battery to last months to years! • Low Cost • High density of nodes per network • Simple protocol, global implementation Semiconductors 2
- 3. ZigBee -Target Markets • TV • VCR • Monitors • DVD • Sensors Industrial & Consumer • CD • Automation Commercial Electronics • Remote • Control PC Peripherals • Mouse Personal Low Data Rate • Keyboard Healthcare Radio Devices • Joystick • Gamepad • Monitors • Diagnostics • Sensors • Security • PETs Home Toys • HVAC • Gameboys Automation • Lighting & • Educational • Closures Games Semiconductors 3
- 4. ZigBee Technology AdoptionCurve Gap Evangelize Technology Early Adopters Mature Market Laggards Leaders ZigBee today Semiconductors 4
- 5. ZigBee Rate ofAdoption Market Matures Home Control Adoption Volume Industrial Adoption Initial Adoption Time Semiconductors 5
- 6. Standards Expectations This will satisfy all requirements Market Expectations Disillusionment Everything Market is OK Interest Products Builds start to ship Obituaries ZigBee today Written Time Semiconductors 6
- 7. Market Size –Low Data Rate (No ) Low Data Rate Market 600 500 Million units 400 300 Others 200 Industrial Applications 100 Home Environment 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Years Source: ABI, Dataquest, Internal Semiconductors 7
- 8. Market Segmentation 2002- 2006 Segment Market Share 2002 •Industrial Applications will drive initial market 0% •Home Environment will become 48% Home Important Industrial 52% Others • Over time, there will be varied Applications (Other) Segm ent Market Share 2005 18% Home 13% Industrial Others 69% Semiconductors 8
- 9. Some Details -Home Controls • Energy Management is going to be a key aspect • Even if we are to ignore the Building Auto and Industrial Markets for a few minutes…. Semiconductors 9
- 10. • Founding Members • Associate Members – Cisco – ADT Security Services – Metering Technology – GM – Autco Distributing – N.E.W. Customer Service – Invensys – AVAD Companies – The NewPower – Coactive Networks – Qubit Technology Company – CompUSA – Reliant Energy – Panasonic – Connected Lifestyles – Sage Systems – Sears – Echelon – Sempra Energy Connections – emWare – Ucentric Systems • Contributing Members – Gatespace – Visteon – Best Buy – Home Director – Western Digital – Sun – Honeywell – zBox – Info-linc The Connected Home: • The features of a connected home exist today; they are not dreams of tomorrow. This home is connected in the sense that normally independent systems are linked to a centrally controlled system. In a connected home, your home computer, TV, lighting and heating controls, home security system and many appliances within the home can talk to each other via the Internet. These linked systems can be controlled through various devices, including your pager, cellular phone, TV, home PC, PDA, or even your automobile. • More specifically, the connected home offers the following: new forms of entertainment; anywhere, anytime communication with family, friends and coworkers; advanced home control and security; new ways to buy over the Internet; safe and secure e-mail and other communications; and always-on, high speed Internet access - all from reliable providers. Source: Internet Home Alliance the Advantage magazine. Semiconductors 10
- 11. Internet Home AllianceSurvey Findings Zigbee can provide or help provide 3 of the 5 top features customers want in a connected home Interest in Individual Features of the Connected Home 100% Zigbee use in thermostat Zigbee sensors eliminate the need to 90% simplifies wiring and run wires throughout the house and connectivity to the Internet 80% make adding a new system to an old house realistic 70% Zigbee’s technical characteristics and cost 60% % of are ideal for DAP respondents50% applications interested 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Video on Demand Web-based Home Anywhere, Internet control of e-Kitchen Security anytime file heat/HVAC access Semiconductors Source: Zanthus CEO interview, Internet Home Alliance The Advantage magazine. 11
- 12. Connected Home PilotPrograms Energy Management OnStar at Home • June to October 2001 • To begin Q1 2002 – 300 households – 100 households • Tested the effectiveness of • Integrated OnStar’s Virtual Advisor energy management systems service with home security, control – NewPower initiated and telecommunications components periodic energy curtailments (e.g. raising – Provides an easy to use, the temperature a few consistent interface to control degrees during peak hours) home systems such as lighting, to save money temperature and home security – Individuals could override – Homeowners will be able to the curtailments manually control their home operations or through a Web portal from any, PC, telephone, WAP phone or wireless PDA in addition to OnStar’s PCS service Source: Website, Mercer interview. Semiconductors 12
- 13. Home Networking Home applianceswill complement additional Zigbee markets Volume Comparison Between Home Appliances and CE devices 50 (Unit shipments in the US in 2000) 45 40 35 Unit Shipments 30 in 2000 25 (in millions) 20 15 10 5 0 Washer/ Micro- A/C Fridge/ Water Cooking Dish- Furnace Cell TV VCR DVD Dryer wave Freezer Heater washer Phone Semiconductors Source: US shipments in 2000 from Appliance Magazine March 2001, Time “Machine of the Year 2000”. 13
- 14. Market Requirements • Global licence free ISM band operation • Unrestricted geographic use • RF penetration through walls & ceilings • Automatic/semi-automatic installation • Ability to add or remove devices • Possible voice support Semiconductors 14
- 15. Market Requirements, cont... • 10k-115.2kbps data throughput • 10-75m coverage range (home/garden) • Support for 32-255 nodes • Support for 4 critical devices • 4-100 co-located networks • 0.5-2 year battery life • Up to 5m/sec. (18kmph) permitted mobility • Module cost: $1.5-$2.5 in 2004/5! Semiconductors 15
- 16. ZigBee - GeneralCharacteristics • Data rates of 250 kbps and 20 kbps • Star topology, peer to peer possible • 255 devices per network • CSMA-CA channel access • Optional Guaranteed Time Slot • Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability • Low power (battery life multi-month to years) • Dual PHY (2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz) • Extremely low duty-cycle (<0.1%) • Range: 10m nominal (1-100m based on settings) • Location Aware: Yes, but optional Semiconductors 16
- 17. ZigBee Alliance -IEEE - Customer Relationship Customer Application Application Interface Network Layer ZigBee Alliance Data Link Layer MAC Layer IEEE MAC Layer PHY Layer ZigBee Silicon Application Stack Semiconductors 17
- 18. Range Estimation (Meters) 0dBm 10dBm 20dBm 250kbps 10 20 40 Using Firefly TRD/RSI propagation model Semiconductors 18
- 19. Network Topology Network coordinator Network node IEEE node Communications flow Virtual links Semiconductors 19
- 20. Other Network Forms Network coordinator Ad-hoc network Network node Gateway Communications flow Gateway enabled network Semiconductors 20
- 21. Supported Traffic Types • Periodic data – Application defined rate • Intermittent – Basic communication • Repetitive low latency data – Allocation of guaranteed time slots Semiconductors 21
- 22. The Network Coordinator • Transmits network beacons • Sets up a network • Manages network nodes • Stores network node information • Routes messages between paired nodes • Receives constantly Semiconductors 22
- 23. The Network Node • Is generally battery powered • Searches for available networks • Transfers data from its application as necessary • Determines whether data is pending • Requests data from the network coordinator • Can sleep for extended periods Semiconductors 23
- 24. Stack System Requirements • 8-bit µC, e.g. 80c51 • Full protocol stack <32k • Simple node only stack ~4k • Coordinators require extra RAM – node device database – transaction table – pairing table Semiconductors 24
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- 26. Some Participants CompXs Semiconductors 26
- 27. Standardization Challenge How do we make a protocol a standard? • ZigBee Alliance created with companies who share a common vision • Alliance initiates need for low data rate W-PAN in IEEE, 802.15.4 is born • Both MAC and PHY proposals win vote in IEEE • Alliance is focussed on: – Upper Layers of stack – Interoperability – Marketing • Keep initial participants limited until spec basics are defined Semiconductors 27
- 28. ZigBee vs Bluetooth Competitionor Complementary?
- 29. But ZigBee is Bluetooth is Best Better For : IF : • Ad-hoc networks between • The Network is static capable devices • Lots of devices • Handsfree audio • Infrequently used • Screen graphics, • Small Data Packets pictures… • File transfer Semiconductors 29
- 30. Air Interface: ZigBee Bluetooth DSSS FHSS 11 chips/ symbol 1 M Symbol / second 62.5 K symbols/s 4 Bits/ symbol Peak Information Rate Peak Information Rate ~720 Kbit/second ~128 Kbit/second Semiconductors 30
- 31. ZigBee Protocol Stack Size/Complexity Application Application Interface Network Layer Data Link Layer MAC Layer MAC Layer PHY Layer ZigBee Silicon Application Stack Semiconductors 31
- 32. Bluetooth Protocol StackSize/Complexity User Interface l a Cv t es dae H Fax sse d o C e o Nv d a Cv Service ll a C puo G m cr e n o t I e gasse Mv pul a D r Discovery l r r t gn kr o w e N - i Telephony OBEX Protocol t Control Protocol RFCOMM HOST i (Serial Port) ec o V L2CAP i Host Control Interface Link Manager Link Controller MODULE Baseband RF Bluetooth Silicon Applications Stack Semiconductors 32
- 33. Timing Considerations ZigBee: • New slave enumeration = 30ms typically • Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically • Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically Bluetooth: • New slave enumeration = >3s • Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically • Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications Semiconductors 33
- 34. Initial Enumeration ZigBee Bluetooth Coordinator Coordinator Semiconductors 34
- 35. Power Considerations ZigBee Bluetooth • 2+ years from ‘normal’ • Power model as a mobile batteries phone (regular charging) • Designed to optimise slave • Designed to maximise ad- power requirements hoc functionality Application example of a light switch with respect to latency and power consumption …... Semiconductors 35
- 36. Battery Life &Latency in a Lightswitch • Bluetooth would either : – keep a counter running so that it could predict which hop frequency the light would have reached or – use the inquiry procedure to find the light each time the switch was operated. Semiconductors 36
- 37. To reduce latency,Bluetooth would: • The two devices must stay within 60 us (~1/10 of a hop) • 30ppm crystals => could increase at 60us per second. • Devices communicate once a second to track each other's clocks. • Possibly could be improved by a factor of 100. • The devices would then need to communicate once every 100 seconds to maintain synchronisation. • => 900 communications / day with no information transfer • + perhaps 4 communications on demand • 99.5% Battery Power wasted Semiconductors 37
- 38. To reduce powerconsumption, Bluetooth would • Undertake Bluetooth inquiry procedure when light switch operated • May typically take 10 seconds using Bluetooth 1.1 ? • Much Better In Bluetooth 1.2 – possibly reduced to tens of ms BUT – Not all requirements have been adopted yet Semiconductors 38
- 39. Light switch Conclusion • ZigBee radio using DSSS need only perform CSMA before transmitting, a delay of only 200 us (Radio wake up time) • In the case of a light switch, ZigBee offers longer battery life and lower latency than a Bluetooth equivalent. Semiconductors 39
- 40. Solution Prices ZigBee: • Price 2003 - $6 • Price 2005 - $1.5-2.5 Bluetooth: • Price Now - $10 • Price 2005 - $5 Two different solutions optimised for different applications…... Semiconductors 41
- 41. Conclusion • ZigBee andBluetooth are two solutions for two application areas Semiconductors 42
- 42. ZigBee in BuildingAutomation • Existing solutions are either: – Power Line Carrier based (PLC) • Expensive ($15 - $40 BOM) • Restricted to where there is existing power lines • No mobility • Interference from noisy inductance into the system (adding a fan, etc.) • Security issues, PLC goes outside the home • Interoperability is questionable – Or proprietary • Interoperability among various manufacturers • Cost • Existing RF solutions have limited capabilities Semiconductors 43
- 43. ZigBee - Bluetooth- PLC Comparison ZigBee Bluetooth PLC Cost (BOM) $5 $10 $15-$40 Power years hours N/A Data Rate 250Kbps 720Kbps 3/10 Mbps Complexity Low Medium High Density 255 + 7 20-250 Interop Yes Yes No Ease of Use Simple Moderate Restrictive Latency 15ms >3s <15ms Interference Low High High Security High High Low Semiconductors 44