Report based on a case study of a city called 'MASDAR CITY' situated at Abu Dhabi which is of 100% free from the pollution sources and is able to produce energy and suitable environment without affecting the environment.
Making Cities Zero Carbon -- issues and optionJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for their dualities and contradictions, positivity and negativities, inclusion and exclusion, poverty and prosperity, luxury housing and slums, planned and unplanned development, innovations and depravity, good and bad, pleasant and ugliness. All these contradictions are the outcome of the way we are planning, designing and managing cities. If cities are bringing prosperity, they are also creating global crisis. Majority of global ills of global warming, rising temperature, natural crisis is the outcome of how we are treating the cities. Cities are being conceived as anti-thesis to nature and accordingly they are creating crisis including crisis of very human existence. Cities need to be treated in a better and rational manner by planning and designing them in logical manner. Cities need to be looked as integral part of nature and not looked as a commodity for sale and making profit. Cities not to be treated as a market place where one hopes to earn money and generate wealth. They have to be looked as places for human living – giving human beings an environment, where they can lead happy and healthy life. Cities need to be planned with nature using natural resources. They need to be made more effective and efficient. Cities need to be made producers rather than consumers of natural and non-renewable resources. They need to be made more livable and supportive to human living and nature. Cities need respect and care. We need to heal its wounds. If cites continue to be treated like they are being treated now, they are going to become major source of impending crisis , making human living most challenging on this planet. Accordingly, we need to relook, review, redefine and revise our options of planning, travel and creating built environment.
China Fortune Land Development Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) is a leading expert in investment and operation of industrial area in China!
The Company, founded in 1998, is a professional enterprise group in investment and operation of industrial area and devotes itself to providing various industrial, logistics and commercial facilities and perfect investment, production, commercial affairs, government affairs and life supporting services for enterprises.
http://www.cfldcn.com/
The HDR Regenerative Design Framework is a new way of thinking that breaks existing design paradigms and creates net positive buildings through social and ecological systems thinking.
National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016Naveen Jangir
National Building Code of INDIA 2016 (NBC 2016)
Important Amendments For Structural Design
Study Time - May 2017
The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country. It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they Public Works Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies. The Code mainly contains administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements; fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials, structural design and construction (including safety); building and plumbing services; approach to sustainability; and asset and facility management.
The Code was first published in 1970 at the instance of Planning Commission and then first revised in 1983. Thereafter three major amendments were issued to the 1983 version, two in 1987 and the third in 1997. The second revision of the Code was in 2005, to which two amendments were issued in 2015.
Due to large scale changes in the building construction activities, such as change in nature of occupancies with prevalence of high rises and mixed occupancies, greater dependence and complicated nature of building services, development of new/innovative construction materials and technologies, greater need for preservation of environment and recognition of need for planned management of existing buildings and built environment, there has been a paradigm shift in building construction scenario. Considering these, a Project for comprehensive revision of the Code was taken up under the aegis of the National Building Code Sectional Committee, CED 46 of BIS and its 22 expert Panels; involving around 1 000 experts. As a culmination of the Project, the revised Code has been brought out in 2016 as National Building Code of India 2016 reflecting the state-of-the-art and contemporary applicable international practices.
Making Cities Zero Carbon -- issues and optionJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for their dualities and contradictions, positivity and negativities, inclusion and exclusion, poverty and prosperity, luxury housing and slums, planned and unplanned development, innovations and depravity, good and bad, pleasant and ugliness. All these contradictions are the outcome of the way we are planning, designing and managing cities. If cities are bringing prosperity, they are also creating global crisis. Majority of global ills of global warming, rising temperature, natural crisis is the outcome of how we are treating the cities. Cities are being conceived as anti-thesis to nature and accordingly they are creating crisis including crisis of very human existence. Cities need to be treated in a better and rational manner by planning and designing them in logical manner. Cities need to be looked as integral part of nature and not looked as a commodity for sale and making profit. Cities not to be treated as a market place where one hopes to earn money and generate wealth. They have to be looked as places for human living – giving human beings an environment, where they can lead happy and healthy life. Cities need to be planned with nature using natural resources. They need to be made more effective and efficient. Cities need to be made producers rather than consumers of natural and non-renewable resources. They need to be made more livable and supportive to human living and nature. Cities need respect and care. We need to heal its wounds. If cites continue to be treated like they are being treated now, they are going to become major source of impending crisis , making human living most challenging on this planet. Accordingly, we need to relook, review, redefine and revise our options of planning, travel and creating built environment.
China Fortune Land Development Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) is a leading expert in investment and operation of industrial area in China!
The Company, founded in 1998, is a professional enterprise group in investment and operation of industrial area and devotes itself to providing various industrial, logistics and commercial facilities and perfect investment, production, commercial affairs, government affairs and life supporting services for enterprises.
http://www.cfldcn.com/
The HDR Regenerative Design Framework is a new way of thinking that breaks existing design paradigms and creates net positive buildings through social and ecological systems thinking.
National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016Naveen Jangir
National Building Code of INDIA 2016 (NBC 2016)
Important Amendments For Structural Design
Study Time - May 2017
The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country. It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they Public Works Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies. The Code mainly contains administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements; fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials, structural design and construction (including safety); building and plumbing services; approach to sustainability; and asset and facility management.
The Code was first published in 1970 at the instance of Planning Commission and then first revised in 1983. Thereafter three major amendments were issued to the 1983 version, two in 1987 and the third in 1997. The second revision of the Code was in 2005, to which two amendments were issued in 2015.
Due to large scale changes in the building construction activities, such as change in nature of occupancies with prevalence of high rises and mixed occupancies, greater dependence and complicated nature of building services, development of new/innovative construction materials and technologies, greater need for preservation of environment and recognition of need for planned management of existing buildings and built environment, there has been a paradigm shift in building construction scenario. Considering these, a Project for comprehensive revision of the Code was taken up under the aegis of the National Building Code Sectional Committee, CED 46 of BIS and its 22 expert Panels; involving around 1 000 experts. As a culmination of the Project, the revised Code has been brought out in 2016 as National Building Code of India 2016 reflecting the state-of-the-art and contemporary applicable international practices.
Paper looks critically and objectively, the role and importance of Master Plans in Rationalising the development of cities, issues created and options to make it a better master plan
THE GREEN BUILDING
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
COMPARISON
NEED FOR GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA
HOW TO MAKE OUR BUILDINGS GREEN?
STRATEGIES & TECHNOLOGY
BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS
FEATURES, MATERIALS & METHODS
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GREEN BUILDING
TYPES OF GREEN BUILDING
LEED RATING SYSTEM
SOME GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) expands and complements the building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste, and provides healthier space for occupants as compared to a conventional building. Market estimates suggest that India will be adding 11.5 million homes every year thus, making it the world’s third-largest construction market by 2020. With rapid urbanization and strong economic growth, the construction industry is becoming one of the fastest-growing sectors in India providing employment to nearly 18 million people. This will be beneficial for the people who are really conscious about the environmental impact of the buildings and believe in energy conservation. The economy is the major factor in any type of construction work, especially for residential houses and more specifically when they are situated in the megacity in a developing country like India. There is a need of concentrating on a Green Home, which is one of the most important and one of the discussed topics throughout the globe, in the age of global warming and climate change worldwide. In this situation, some middle way is necessary to be found out, to encourage green construction.
Green Building Construction: Case study on Green BuildingKetulKhatri
To understand the concept of Green Building Construction.
To understand the difference between Normal Building and Green Building.
To evaluate the different Green Building Construction Techniques.
To study the property and use of various Green Building Construction materials.
To analyse Green Building Construction
In this presentation focus is on definition of Zero Energy Buildings and Net Zero Energy Buildings. Also different aspects of developing Zero Energy Buildings, their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed.
* All the content is not mine. I have collected the data through different places on the net and books.
The Design of Spaces by William W Whyte
An article taken from the author's book "The city: Rediscovering the center"
Read & presented & discussed in class of ARCT421- Introduction to Urban design and planning by architecture student from the DAUP - Department of Architecture & Urban Planning - Qatar University
Environmental Impact & Sustainability of Construction Punit Sharnagat
Environmental impacts - Local
80% of agricultural land loss is due to buildings
Urban flooding due to improper planning of cities
Disturbances in air circulations creating air quality hotspots/urban canyons
Creation of heat islands
Noise, dust and fumes generation during construction
Environmental impacts - Global
Global warming
Resource depletion
Ozone layer depletion
Acidification
-Contribution from Buildings
-Interaction between climate change and built environment
-Climate change impacts
-Estimate of global resources used in buildings
-Physical disturbance to the landscape due to mining
-
Green Building Site Selection and Development is equally important as the Construction of Building itself. Let's discover ways to conserve from the first step.
Paper looks critically and objectively, the role and importance of Master Plans in Rationalising the development of cities, issues created and options to make it a better master plan
THE GREEN BUILDING
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
COMPARISON
NEED FOR GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA
HOW TO MAKE OUR BUILDINGS GREEN?
STRATEGIES & TECHNOLOGY
BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS
FEATURES, MATERIALS & METHODS
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GREEN BUILDING
TYPES OF GREEN BUILDING
LEED RATING SYSTEM
SOME GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) expands and complements the building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste, and provides healthier space for occupants as compared to a conventional building. Market estimates suggest that India will be adding 11.5 million homes every year thus, making it the world’s third-largest construction market by 2020. With rapid urbanization and strong economic growth, the construction industry is becoming one of the fastest-growing sectors in India providing employment to nearly 18 million people. This will be beneficial for the people who are really conscious about the environmental impact of the buildings and believe in energy conservation. The economy is the major factor in any type of construction work, especially for residential houses and more specifically when they are situated in the megacity in a developing country like India. There is a need of concentrating on a Green Home, which is one of the most important and one of the discussed topics throughout the globe, in the age of global warming and climate change worldwide. In this situation, some middle way is necessary to be found out, to encourage green construction.
Green Building Construction: Case study on Green BuildingKetulKhatri
To understand the concept of Green Building Construction.
To understand the difference between Normal Building and Green Building.
To evaluate the different Green Building Construction Techniques.
To study the property and use of various Green Building Construction materials.
To analyse Green Building Construction
In this presentation focus is on definition of Zero Energy Buildings and Net Zero Energy Buildings. Also different aspects of developing Zero Energy Buildings, their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed.
* All the content is not mine. I have collected the data through different places on the net and books.
The Design of Spaces by William W Whyte
An article taken from the author's book "The city: Rediscovering the center"
Read & presented & discussed in class of ARCT421- Introduction to Urban design and planning by architecture student from the DAUP - Department of Architecture & Urban Planning - Qatar University
Environmental Impact & Sustainability of Construction Punit Sharnagat
Environmental impacts - Local
80% of agricultural land loss is due to buildings
Urban flooding due to improper planning of cities
Disturbances in air circulations creating air quality hotspots/urban canyons
Creation of heat islands
Noise, dust and fumes generation during construction
Environmental impacts - Global
Global warming
Resource depletion
Ozone layer depletion
Acidification
-Contribution from Buildings
-Interaction between climate change and built environment
-Climate change impacts
-Estimate of global resources used in buildings
-Physical disturbance to the landscape due to mining
-
Green Building Site Selection and Development is equally important as the Construction of Building itself. Let's discover ways to conserve from the first step.
Bruce Strebinger's Guide to Working Out For Beginners: Part OneBruce Strebinger
When it comes to working out, the best time to start is now. Studies show that if you can get past the first week of a workout program, you have a great chance of making exercise a regular part of your routine. Here I outline the best way to get through that first month. -Bruce Strebinger
Expanding nodular development (end) sustainable urbanisationNeilBaulch
This Paper was prompted by the increasingly obvious adverse effects of the ‘Urban Sprawl’ mode of urban expansion of Australian capital cities. Population of the nation is increasing steadily with a fertility rate of about 1.8 babies per woman, and a net overseas migration of about 180,000 persons per year. With over 64% of the nation’s population concentrated into the capital cities, there is a magnification effect for them, as demonstrated by Melbourne which is increasing at the rate of 2%,while Victoria as a whole is increasing at 1.8%. At this rate the actual increase for Melbourne is an alarming 82,000 per year, which is approaching the population of Ballarat. These high rates of population increase are problematic, and if not addressed now, could impose severe restrictions to the nation’s future economy and unfavourably affect the wellbeing of its citizens.
The continued use of energy sources based on fossil fuels has various repercussions for
the environment. These repercussions are being minimized through the use of renewable energy
supplies and new techniques to decarbonize the global energy matrix. For many years, hydrogen
has been one of the most used gases in all kinds of industry, and now it is possible to produce it
efficiently, on a large scale, and in a non-polluting way.
Shell and Brunei have a long and rich history together, dating back over 80 years. It’s a history that illustrates the importance of working together and of using innovation and technology to make the most of precious energy resources. The partnership between Shell and Brunei has helped make the Sultanate one of Asia’s most important producers of oil and gas and a reliable supplier of energy supporting the region’s rapidly growing economies.
And of course the income from oil and gas means that Brunei has one of the highest GDPs per capita in the world.
Like Shell, Brunei has a tradition as an energy pioneer. Brunei LNG began operating one of the world’s first large-scale liquefied natural gas facilities back in 1972. Over the subsequent 40 years, Brunei has safely delivered more than 6,000 LNG cargoes, mainly to Japan and Korea, underpinning the energy security of both countries.
Zero-carbon London: A plan for the next mayoral termIPPR
London is not on pace to meet it's current emissions target, a 60 per cent reduction by 2025. We call on the next mayor of London to pick up the pace – and provide a plan for how they could pursue an ambitious new target, for London to be a zero-carbon city by 2050.
For more information, visit: http://www.IPPR.org/publications/zero-carbon-london
¿Energía sostenible para el mundo?
Por Sir Christopher Llewellyn Smith, Director de Investigación Energética en la Universidad de Oxford y Ex director general del CERN.
Green Hydrogen Energy Fuel for the Future in Indiaijtsrd
Hydrogen has an important potential role in a net zero economy as it has no carbon emissions at the point of use. Hydrogen fuels are versatile, capable of being produced and used in many ways, including production from renewable sources and applications to decarbonize challenging areas, such as heavy transport, industry, and heat, as well as the storage and transport of energy. It is already widely used in industry and agriculture, but their current production carries a high greenhouse gas footprint. Significant greenhouse gas emission reductions could be achieved through decarbonization of production for both existing and new applications. However, it currently faces challenges that require technological advances, including in their generation, storage, and use, particularly the costs involved in achieving net zero life cycle emissions. Further research, development, demonstration, and deployment are required to identify the areas where hydrogen can make a critical difference in practice. Dr. Arvind Kumar | Prabhash Kumar "Green Hydrogen - Energy Fuel for the Future in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52815.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/52815/green-hydrogen--energy-fuel-for-the-future-in-india/dr-arvind-kumar
Serge has a simple and clear goal: help build an attractive, fossil-free future. In 2017 he launched FutureproofedCities — a cloud-based app to helping municipalities to drive climate plans and actions. Serge shows how innovative technology helps addressing climate change impact and how climate change is a driver for innovation.
this ppt is made by shrikrishna kesharwani , final year student of manit Bhopal, in this ppt I have given information about the sustainable metropolitan development scheme in detail.
New energy sources and energy efficiency to prevent catastrophic global clima...Fernando Alcoforado
Regardless of the various solutions that may be adopted to eliminate or mitigate the causes of global warming, the most important is undoubtedly the adoption of measures to contribute to the elimination or reduction of the consumption of fossil fuels in energy production as well as for their more efficient use in transport, industry, agriculture and urban areas (residential and commercial), given the use and production of energy account for 57% of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity. In this sense, the implementation of a world sustainable energy system is essential.
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
Opendatabay.com unlocks the power of data for everyone. Open Data Marketplace fosters a collaborative hub for data enthusiasts to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets.
First ever open hub for data enthusiasts to collaborate and innovate. A platform to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets. Through robust quality control and innovative technologies like blockchain verification, opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of datasets, empowering users to make data-driven decisions with confidence. Leverage cutting-edge AI technologies to enhance the data exploration, analysis, and discovery experience.
From intelligent search and recommendations to automated data productisation and quotation, Opendatabay AI-driven features streamline the data workflow. Finding the data you need shouldn't be a complex. Opendatabay simplifies the data acquisition process with an intuitive interface and robust search tools. Effortlessly explore, discover, and access the data you need, allowing you to focus on extracting valuable insights. Opendatabay breaks new ground with a dedicated, AI-generated, synthetic datasets.
Leverage these privacy-preserving datasets for training and testing AI models without compromising sensitive information. Opendatabay prioritizes transparency by providing detailed metadata, provenance information, and usage guidelines for each dataset, ensuring users have a comprehensive understanding of the data they're working with. By leveraging a powerful combination of distributed ledger technology and rigorous third-party audits Opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of every dataset. Security is at the core of Opendatabay. Marketplace implements stringent security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular vulnerability assessments, to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
1. Zero Emission City
Thushara Thrais Thomas Sneha M Varghese
B.Tech Candidate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Saintgits College of Engineering Saintgits College of Engineering
Email:thushara.is.in@gmail.com Email: sneha.varghese@saintgits.org
Abstract - The world population has been moving toward
urban living for the past century. Today twelve cities officially
have metropolitan populations greater than 20million.
According to the UN 3.6 billion people currently live in urban
areas and that number will only keep growing to a staggering
6.3 billion in 2050. Most cities throughout the world produce
energy by burning coal, oil and gas, unintentionally emitting
carbon. Almost every activity humans do involves burning
one of these fossil fuels.A zero-carbon city runs entirely on
renewable energy. It has no carbon footprint and will not
cause harm to the planet. To become a zero carbon city, an
established modern city must collectively reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases to zero and all practices that
emit greenhouse gases must cease. Also renewable energy,
must supersede other non-renewable energy sources and
become the sole source of energy, so a zero-carbon city is a
renewable-energy-economy city. Zero-carbon cities maintain
optimal living conditions while eliminating environmental
impact. Instead of using established cities, many developers
are starting from scratch in order to create a zero-carbon city.
This way they can make sure every aspect of a city contributes
to it being carbon free.
I. GENERAL
A. Introduction
It is necessary to reduce CO2 emissions against global
warming, and the activities are expanding all over the
world. As the world continues its reliance on fossil fuels
to meet its growing energy demand, the associated
environmental and climate change challenges must be
adequately addressed. The world is undergoing the
largest wave of urban growth in history and this process
is mainly a domain of developing countries. In Europe
over 70 percent of population is urban. In many
developed countries this concentration is also creating its
counterforce: decentralization, urban sprawl, dispersal
and splintering of urban space. According to the United
Nations reports, the growth in human population is
largest in the developing world, with Africa's and Asia's
urban population projected to double between 2000 and
2030. With approximately 3.4 billion people (in 2009),
more than 50 percent of the world population living in
cities and both human activities and the use of energy
also concentrated in cities, the urban areas have become
the root cause of orientating societies toward mass
production, mass consumption and mass dumping of
waste.Without any doubts we can tell, that for humans to
live sustainably, the Earth's resources must be used at a
rate at which they can be replenished. From the global
point of view the sustainability is a state of balance
between resource and the regenerative capacity of the
earth. An environmentally sustainable society satisfies
the basic needs of its people without depleting or
degrading its natural resources and thereby preventing
current and future generations of humans and other
species from meeting their basic needs.
B. Zero emission city
Many scientists and politics now throw around the terms
“zero-carbon economy“ or “low carbon society”, not
explaining the tools and introducing not well-defined
conditions to achieve these goals. As problems of industry
and incineration are not still elaborated enough, here is
presented schematics for a city without them, see Fig.8.
The main energy system of this “Zero Emission City” will
be operating with the carbon dioxide capture and
sequestration at the Oxyfuel ZEPP. The public city-bus
transportation is equipped with modern and ultra-low
emissions engines small electrical/fuel-cell cars. It will be
mentioned that the oxy-fuel combustion takes place in
ZEPP and ZEMPES with nearly zero emissions. Any stack
is absent. Individual domestic heating systems should apply
the geothermal or water/air heat pumps, biomass boilers
and solar panels depending on the local weather conditions
and resources. Each house represents the highest level of
EPDB class and displays its zero-carbon energy certificate.
All household appliances and electric lighting bulbs are
energy-save systems and can be connected to the central
control processor, integrating the internal system operation
(especially for cold and hot water closed loops, and the
ventilating air circulation with the heat recovery). The
urban-drainage and sewage systems are capable for
selection of recoverable liquid components and catch some
poisoning substances. All solid wastes and garbage are
initially segregated, and partially incinerated or recycled.
Local travel, as a principle is covered by public bus and
light tram transportation network, bicycle paths and
walkways (close to riverside). Te majority of private cars
and taxis are electric.
2. II. CASE STUDY: CITY OF MASDAR
The Masdar Initiative is designed to pursue this vision
for diversifying the economy into RE. The Abu Dhabi
Urban Planning Council (ADUPC) has developed the
“Plan Abu Dhabi 2030” (ADUPC 2007). It is the most
comprehensive visionary plan for the city of Abu
Dhabi. This urban structure framework plan is first and
foremost grounded in the cultural and environmental
identity of Abu Dhabi. The city’s population may
grow to three million or may exceed five million by
2030. Clearly this situation will have important
implications and will assert more pressures on existing
infrastructure and institutions—even without drawing
upon the demand for RE technology. At the same time,
it is clear that even though the plan covers most
aspects of urban planning, it still lacks attention to the
energy required to meet the comprehensive
development plan. This omission could have serious
consequences. Abu Dhabi’s energy demand and
supply to meet electricity generation and water
desalination is critical to the sustainable development
of the city and must be dealt with very wisely because
it could be the tipping point between success and
failure of the plan. Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity
Company (ADWEC) is the government agency
dealing with electricity and water needs not only for
the Emirate of Abu Dhabi but for the whole country.
On the basis of Plan Abu Dhabi 2,030, ADWEC
developed a projection plan for electricity and water
demand up to the year 2030
Fig 1: Projected electricity demand for AbuDhabi
The mandate of ADWEC is to “ensure that, at all times,
all reasonable demands for water and electricity in the
Emirates are satisfied.” Figs. 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 show the
projected electricity and water demands, respectively, for
the city of Abu Dhabi.
Fig 2: Projected water demand for Abu Dhabi
A. Carbon management
This unit creates value for Masdar by monetizing GHG
emission reductions under the provisions of the United
Nations–led Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
framework of the Kyoto Protocol. Masdar Carbon does this
by offering project owners, primarily in oil & gas and
power in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, technical
assistance, project management, carbon finance, and
emissions trading expertise. The unit then buys a share of
the credits it helps generate at a discount. Both the Masdar
City 10-MW photovoltaic (PV) plant and the Shams 1
concentrated solar power plant in the western region of
Abu Dhabi are registered CDM projects handled by Masdar
Carbon. On a parallel track, Masdar Carbon is developing a
multi-billion-dollar national carbon capture network
capable of creating a significant reduction in Abu Dhabi’s
carbon footprint. The first phase of the network, one of the
world’s first commercial-scale carbon capturing and
sequestration (CCS) projects, will sequester approximately
6.5 million tons of CO2 from power plants and industrial
facilities in Abu Dhabi by 2013. The captured CO2 will be
transported and injected into oil reservoirs to enhance oil
recovery.
B. Masdar Power
Masdar Power invests both in RE power projects and in
companies with proven clean-tech technologies—within
the UAE and internationally. Through this two-pronged
investment strategy, the unit helps power companies add
RE to their generation mix and provides clean-tech
companies with expertise and capital for growth. As an RE
power project developer, Masdar Power adds RE to the
electricity generation mix on a worldwide scale. The unit
makes direct investments in individual utility scale projects
in all areas of RE and sustainability, with a focus on CSP,
PV solar energy, and onshore and offshore wind energy.
.
Fig 3: Masdar Power
Masdar Power is developing a 100-MW CSP plant in the
western region of Abu Dhabi Emirate, called Shams 1.
International projects include the 1 GW London. Array
offshore wind farm and a wind farm in the Seychelles that
will provide 25% of the island’s energy needs. The unit
also is developing a 500-MW hydrogen-fired power plant
in Abu Dhabi that uses advanced technologies to make
3. hydrogen power commercially viable today by feeding the
CO2 into the CCS network to be developed by Masdar
Carbon.
III. SOURCES OF ENERGY
A. CSP plants
Against this background, the writers now turn to the third
objective of this paper, namely to consider their choice of a
particular RE technology. No matter how much the oil
prices fluctuate at the global level, there is every
expectation that energy from renewables will increase in
the future. Fig. 4.1.1 shows that fossil fuel will peak
globally around 2020 in addition to the alternative energy
outlook between 1930 and 2100. Table 4.1.1 compares the
present production and economic cost of some renewables
with their future potential capacity and cost between
2005and2030.
Fig 4 : CSP plants
The CSP technology, parabolic troughs, has proven its
economic, energy, and environmental benefits in California
and other part of the world (Tester et al. 2005,
NREL2006).The evidence suggests that CSP technology
has proven to be very competitive to any new power plant,
including coal power plants. Variable power requirements
are a problem for the grid because consumers’ demand
varies during the day. Other RE technologies, such as wind
and solar cells, have limitations because of their lack of
storage capacity and their strong variability. The CSP
plants have the
B. Shams 1
Shams 1 is the first CSP ( concentrating solar power
systems ) , parabolic trough, power plant under
construction in the United Arab Emirates. Construction of
Shams 1 commenced in July 2010 and is expected to be
completed by 2012. Table 4.2.1 shows all the key data
related to the plant. Masdar will build additional CSP
plants on a yearly basis until a total capacity of 1; 500
MWel is reached in the year 2020, as shown in Table 4.2.2
as current plan, Scenario 1. Also shown is the maximum
potential of CSP plants that can be built technically if the
country retains the political will to remain on the trajectory
path that it has framed. This potential is shown as Scenario
2. For exploratory purposes, the writers have included
another scenario, Scenario 3, which is almost half the
capacity of Scenario 2.
IV. TRANSPORTATION
Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) is an automated taxi-like
service concept, which combines the characteristics of the
personal automobile, the advantages of public
transportation (congestion, parking) and clean technologies
and is therefore the ideal transit system in the carbon
neutral, zero emission Masdar city. The first PRT cars are
set to begin running later this year. Masdar City will be the
world’s first carbon neutral, zero-waste to landfill, car-free
city powered entirely by alternative energy sources. Masdar
City will be built on six and a half square kilometres and
will grow eventually to house 1,500 businesses, 40,000
residents and 50,000 commuters. There will be no fossil
fuel cars within Masdar City.
Fig 5 : PRT system
The city will be a pedestrian-friendly environment, with a
Personal Rapid Transit system (PRT) available for longer
journeys. The PRT vehicles will travel at speeds up to
40km/h, with the longest routes in the city taking around 10
minutes. Ultimately there will be 3,000 PRT vehicles
serving 130,000 trips/day over the 85 stations. The
dedicated guide way in the undercroft, an artificial
basement created by raising the pedestrian level, will also
accommodate the Freight Rapid Transit system (FRT). The
FRT system is capable of making 5,000 trips per day
carrying the loads and deliveries for residents, stores and
hotels. The vehicles are equipped with Lithium-Phosphate
batteries, allowing a range of approximately 60 kilometers
on a 1,5 hour charge. The vehicles will be recharged at the
stations, avoiding the necessity of additional parking space
(garage). The stations feature angled berths, allowing all
vehicles independent entry and exit.
4. V. MASDAR INSTITUTE
Developed in cooperation with the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT), the Masdar Institute is a
postgraduate university focused on the science and
engineering of advanced RE, environmental technologies,
and sustainability.
Fig 6 : Masdar Institute of Technology
The Masdar Institute is the nucleus of the research and
development activities in Masdar City and will play a
major role in building the city. First opened to students in
September 2009, the institute offers nine master of science
programs and a doctorate program in renewable energies
and sustainable technologies and encourages an
environment to foster the next generation of scientific
discoveries. Designed by Fosters + Partners, the Masdar
Institute building will be the first completed building at
Masdar City and a model of sustainability.
VI . CONCUSION
This report provided an overview of the sustainability
challenges. In addition, it provided the economic
diversification plan of Abu Dhabi, an oil-rich emirate, into
RE through the Masdar Initiative. The paper concentrated on
the power sector and on building the series of CSP RE plants
for electricity generation. Different trajectory scenarios were
highlighted to see how CSP plants can contribute to the 2020
energy policy of Abu Dhabi and to the overall objectives of
the Masdar initiative, in addition to reduction of CO2
emissions. Building only CSP plants is not enough to be
successful, Abu Dhabi should have a portfolio of different RE
technologies especially now that many other solar
technologies such as PV are becoming more economically
feasible, energy efficiency measures, and carbon capturing
and sequestration projects. Investments must be carefully
targeted and leveraged to reduce greenhouse gases and lower
the costs of more sustainable lifestyles for everyone on the
planet. Finally, technological advances will support and
enable the drive for low-carbon cities.
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