4. 01
The zero conditional is used to make statements about the real
world, and often refers to general truths, such as scientific
facts. In these sentences, the time is now or always and the
situation is real and possible.
Functions of the zero conditional
If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.
The zero conditional is also often used to give instructions,
using the imperative in the main clause.
If Olivia calls, tell her to meet me at the mall.
If you want to come too, call me before 4:00 PM.
5. Form
In zero conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the
sentence is the simple present:
If clause (Condition) Main cause (Result)
If + simple present Simple present
If I watch too much TV, my head hurts.
Examples
Plants die if they don't get enough water.
When the sun goes down, it gets dark.
If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
7. 02
The first conditional refers to a possible condition and its
probable result. These sentences are based on facts, and they
are used to make statements about the real world, and about
particular situations. We often use such sentences to give
warnings. In first conditional sentences, the time is the present
or future and the situation is real.
Functions of the first conditional
If I have time, I'll finish that letter.
Nobody will notice if you make a mistake.
In first conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the
main clause instead of the future tense to express the degree
of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the
outcome.
If he calls you, you should go.
If you drop that glass, it might break.
8. Form
In a first conditional sentence, the tense in the "if" clause is the
simple present, and the tense in the main clause is the simple future.
If clause (Condition) Main cause (Result)
If + simple present Simple future
If I watch too much TV, my head will hurt.
Examples
If Olivia is late again I will be mad.
If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.
You will get wet if it rains.
10. Exercises
A. Complete the sentences with the correct verbs to create the zero conditional
1 If Olivia (not/wear) a hat she (get) sunstroke.
2 If my friend (cook), he (burn) the food.
3 If children (not/eat) well, they (not/be) healthy.
B. Complete the sentences with the correct verbs to create the first conditional
1 If I (go) out tonight, I (go) to the cinema.
2 If you (get) back late, I (be) angry.
3 She (cook) dinner if you (go) to the supermarket.
11. Teacher
resources
For blur
For a drumroll
For quiet
To close
For confetti
For bubbles
For unveil
Any number from 0-9 for timer
B
D
Q
X
C
O
U