Your instructor will choose the discussion question and post it as the first response in the discussion forum. The requirements for this discussion are a minimum of four posts on four separate days. The total combined word count for all of your posts for this discussion, counted together, should be at least 400 words. Answer all the questions in the prompt, and read any resources that are required to complete the discussion properly. In order to satisfy the posting requirements for the week, complete your initial post by Day 3 (Thursday) and your other posts by Day 7 (Monday). We recommend that you get into the discussion early and spread out your posts over the course of the week. Reply to your classmates and instructor. Attempt to take the conversation further by examining their claims or arguments in more depth or responding to the posts that they make to you. Keep the discussion on target, and analyze things in as much detail as you can. Demonstrating that an Argument is Invalid The key concept in deductive logic is the concept of validity. One good way to learn to understand the concept of validity better is to discover what makes arguments invalid. Prepare: To prepare to respond to this prompt read carefully the required portions of Chapters 3 and 4, paying special attention to the sections from Chapter 3 about validity and using the counterexample method. Take a look as well at the required resources from this week, especially those that discuss the concept of validity. Reflect: Choose an argument from the following list of arguments (try to make sure not to choose the same argument as someone else). Consider the way in which the reasoning is actually invalid (perhaps subtly). Think about why that argument is invalid in the sense that it would be possible for all of the premises to be true and the conclusion false. Choose from the following list of argument options. 1. Everyone has to eat food with adequate calories. A bag of Doritos is food with adequate calories, so everyone should eat a bag of Doritos. 2. All winos drink alcohol. All alcoholics drink too much. Therefore all winos are alcoholics. 3. He won’t go to the wedding since he doesn’t like mushy stuff and weddings are mushy. 4. I can’t go to the movies with you – I have a test tomorrow and I have to study. 5. Capital punishment is wrong because it kills a human being. 6. To go to the movie you have to have a ticket. To buy a ticket you must pay money. Thus, to go the movie you must pay money. 7. All dogs have fur. All mammals have fur. So all dogs are mammals. 8. If he makes a lot of money then he dresses nice and has a fancy car. He does dress nice and have a fancy car. So he must make a lot of money. 9. He will cry during the movie if he is a big softie. He cried during the movie. Therefore he is a big softie. 10. If I wear that cologne then women will love me. I bought that cologne, so women are going to love me. .