1) The document discusses brand positioning formulas that include defining the target audience, key benefits, and reasons to believe in the brand.
2) It provides an example of applying the formula to a condom brand, positioning it for males aged 18-30 and sexually active people by emphasizing durability, reliability, and excellence as benefits with communication of responsible public health as the reason to believe.
3) Additional concepts covered include defining a brand essence as a short, vivid statement of the brand's mission, vision, and commitment, and a brandkey formula that identifies values, personality, benefits, reasons to believe, competitors, and strengths to build upon in targeting an audience.