Çarşı is the organized fan group of the Beşiktaş football club in Turkey, founded in 1982 and taking its name from the local fish market. It is known for its passion and political commentary in support of Beşiktaş. Though it dissolved briefly due to internal questioning of its role, Çarşi remains actively involved in supporting Beşiktaş, having a respectful relationship with team management, and breaking a world decibel record at the stadium during a key match. Çarşi brings intensity to games through vocal support and protests, making matches an emotional experience for players and fans alike.
The document discusses different ways to express preferences in English using phrases like "would rather", "prefer", and "would prefer to". It provides examples of preferring simple over showy clothes, preferring to go to bed early rather than stay up late, and preferring to study social sciences than deal with numbers.
The document is a test with 72 multiple choice questions about noun clauses in English. It covers a variety of different structures including reported speech, relative clauses, and clauses of time, place, manner, reason, result etc. The questions test understanding of when different tenses and structures are used in noun clauses.
This document discusses shyness at different stages of life from childhood to elderly people. It explores potential reasons for shyness such as genetics and environment and results of shyness such as difficulties socializing and expressing ideas. The document encourages readers who are shy to overcome it and lists topics for further consideration about challenges faced by shy children, students, elderly individuals and teenagers.
This document discusses reflexive pronouns and when they are used. Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object of a sentence are the same. Examples given include "He looks at himself" and "She cut herself." Reflexive pronouns are also used to stress that something is done independently or without help, as in "I spoke to Jack himself" or "I myself spoke to Jack." The document provides examples of rewriting a sentence using reflexive pronouns and lists some verbs that do not take reflexive pronouns, such as "wash", "dress", "shave", and "brush."
This document contains an English language test with multiple choice listening comprehension questions, word matching, prefix addition, and statement follow-up questions. It also provides a speaking prompt for students to work in pairs to create and perform a dialogue advising a visitor about name introductions in their country. The test covers topics like naming traditions, word definitions, and question follow-ups. It suggests the teacher have students prepare, check for errors, and perform their dialogues.
Indirect questions are used to be more polite than direct questions. They use sentence word order and terms like "if" and "whether" for yes/no questions. Indirect questions can request information or an action. They use various introductory phrases like "Do you know...", "I wonder...", and "Could you tell me..." to politely ask for information from others, especially strangers. The document provides examples of direct questions and their indirect equivalents, as well as exercises rewriting direct questions indirectly using different introductory phrases.
Çarşı is the organized fan group of the Beşiktaş football club in Turkey, founded in 1982 and taking its name from the local fish market. It is known for its passion and political commentary in support of Beşiktaş. Though it dissolved briefly due to internal questioning of its role, Çarşi remains actively involved in supporting Beşiktaş, having a respectful relationship with team management, and breaking a world decibel record at the stadium during a key match. Çarşi brings intensity to games through vocal support and protests, making matches an emotional experience for players and fans alike.
The document discusses different ways to express preferences in English using phrases like "would rather", "prefer", and "would prefer to". It provides examples of preferring simple over showy clothes, preferring to go to bed early rather than stay up late, and preferring to study social sciences than deal with numbers.
The document is a test with 72 multiple choice questions about noun clauses in English. It covers a variety of different structures including reported speech, relative clauses, and clauses of time, place, manner, reason, result etc. The questions test understanding of when different tenses and structures are used in noun clauses.
This document discusses shyness at different stages of life from childhood to elderly people. It explores potential reasons for shyness such as genetics and environment and results of shyness such as difficulties socializing and expressing ideas. The document encourages readers who are shy to overcome it and lists topics for further consideration about challenges faced by shy children, students, elderly individuals and teenagers.
This document discusses reflexive pronouns and when they are used. Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object of a sentence are the same. Examples given include "He looks at himself" and "She cut herself." Reflexive pronouns are also used to stress that something is done independently or without help, as in "I spoke to Jack himself" or "I myself spoke to Jack." The document provides examples of rewriting a sentence using reflexive pronouns and lists some verbs that do not take reflexive pronouns, such as "wash", "dress", "shave", and "brush."
This document contains an English language test with multiple choice listening comprehension questions, word matching, prefix addition, and statement follow-up questions. It also provides a speaking prompt for students to work in pairs to create and perform a dialogue advising a visitor about name introductions in their country. The test covers topics like naming traditions, word definitions, and question follow-ups. It suggests the teacher have students prepare, check for errors, and perform their dialogues.
Indirect questions are used to be more polite than direct questions. They use sentence word order and terms like "if" and "whether" for yes/no questions. Indirect questions can request information or an action. They use various introductory phrases like "Do you know...", "I wonder...", and "Could you tell me..." to politely ask for information from others, especially strangers. The document provides examples of direct questions and their indirect equivalents, as well as exercises rewriting direct questions indirectly using different introductory phrases.
This document provides examples and explanations of different forms of the passive voice in English, including the present simple, present continuous, future, past simple, past continuous, present perfect, passive infinitive, and passive gerund forms. For each tense or form, examples are given for positive, negative, and interrogative constructions in the passive voice.
The document provides an example of a well-structured essay. It includes an introduction with general statements and a thesis statement outlining how computers have impacted business and education. Two body paragraphs then discuss these impacts in more detail using topic sentences and examples. The conclusion restates the thesis and ends with a final thought on the significance of computers.
This document provides extra material for an English language coursebook. It is from Module 1 of the Pioneer Intermediate B1 level and contains additional exercises and activities to supplement the main coursebook. The material aims to help intermediate English learners strengthen their language skills.
Football is a sport played by kicking a ball with the foot to score goals. Some key rules include offsides, which involves being behind the last defender when the ball is played forward. To be successful in football, talent alone is not enough - players like Ronaldo and Messi work extremely hard and dedicate themselves to practicing and improving their skills.
This document contains a cloze test from a 2003 KPDS exam. It consists of 10 questions where key words or phrases are missing from two passages. The first passage is about reducing energy consumption in homes in the EU to meet the Kyoto Protocol targets. The second passage discusses the declining number of refugees accepted by the US after 9/11 due to increased security procedures.
Medieval maps showed nearly half of the Netherlands under water, but large areas have since been reclaimed from the sea. Overfishing, oil spills, and global warming now threaten penguins from Antarctica to the Galapagos Islands. The study of aging was once seen as misdirected but has developed into an important science.
This document contains instructions and prompts for 5 writing assignments for English language learners at the B1+ level. Assignment 1 involves completing a cause and effect essay on negative body image. Assignment 2 is another cause and effect essay, this time on the problems caused by lack of sleep. Assignment 3 is a contrast essay comparing how dreams and relationships change as people age. Assignment 4 is a compare and contrast essay on Japanese and Turkish cultures. Assignment 5 provides 3 potential topics for a 250-350 word essay, including increases in life expectancy and benefits of limited technology in education.
1. Yuri Gagarin was the first person to leave the Earth's surface in 1961. Since then, manned space flight has strictly been a government-run affair.
2. The passage provides a sample test for the YDS exam, which includes vocabulary, reading comprehension, and grammar questions.
3. Aging is like climbing a mountain, where your fatigue increases as you go higher, your breathing becomes more difficult, but your field of view widens.
This document discusses the different uses of "wish" and "if only" with different tenses to express regret, dissatisfaction, or criticism. It can be used with the past tense to talk about present or future situations, with "would" to complain about current situations, and with the past perfect to express regret about past actions. Examples are provided for each case, as well as exercises for the reader to practice using wish/if only with different verb tenses.
1) The document is a test for Module 8 of the Pioneer pre-intermediate English course. It contains sections on vocabulary, communication, grammar, listening, reading, and writing.
2) The vocabulary section contains exercises on matching words to definitions and completing sentences with provided vocabulary words. The communication section involves completing a dialogue with provided sentences.
3) The grammar section contains exercises on circling correct verb forms, choosing the correct prepositions, and completing sentences with the proper grammar structures. The listening section involves completing sentences based on a basketball commentary.
4) The reading comprehension involves reading a passage about Sir Alex Ferguson and indicating whether statements about the passage are true or false. The writing section prompts answering questions
This document provides guidance for an independent speaking practice exercise where the student is asked to give their opinion on whether they are more productive alone or with others. It instructs the student to write their answer, reasons, examples, and related ideas and expressions in the blanks provided. It also includes a sample response for the student to analyze for useful expressions. The goal is for the student to practice expressing their opinion on this topic in a few sentences while using specific examples and reasons to support their point of view.
The document is a sample test for an English language course covering topics like vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, listening, and writing.
The test contains multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions to assess understanding of vocabulary, grammar structures, a reading passage, and conversations. It also includes a short writing prompt asking the test taker to reply to an email from a friend planning a visit.
1) The document is a test for Module 6 of the Pioneer pre-intermediate English course. It contains questions testing vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, listening skills and writing.
2) The vocabulary questions involve matching words to sentences, choosing the correct word to complete sentences, and matching words to their definitions.
3) The grammar section contains exercises on using the present simple and future forms of verbs correctly in sentences.
4) Other sections include a reading comprehension with true/false questions about an astronaut's biography, listening to identify who is speaking in a dialogue, and writing a short paragraph expressing an opinion.
Robert Peary claimed to be the first person to reach the North Pole in 1909, but many people at the time doubted his claim given how quickly he returned from the expedition. Modern explorers agree it was impossible for him to have traveled that fast. While some explorers came close by plane or submarine in later decades, the first person confirmed to have definitively reached the North Pole on foot was British explorer Wally Herbert in 1969.
1) Linda crashed her car while driving home from a friend's house on a rainy night. She lost control of the vehicle after hitting a tree.
2) When she got out to inspect the damage, Linda discovered her front tire was flat, which caused the accident. After trying unsuccessfully to call her friend for help, she changed the tire herself, which took half an hour.
3) However, when Linda tried to drive home after finishing, her car wouldn't start. She was forced to walk back to her friend's house along the road in the rain, arriving at midnight.
The document is a test answer key for an English proficiency exam covering 6 modules of material. It provides answers to vocabulary, grammar, reading, listening and writing questions. The listening transcript section includes 3 short conversations about travel delays, feeling ill on vacation, and visiting a favorite beach as a child.
The document is a test for Module 3 of the Pioneer pre-intermediate English course. It contains multiple choice and short answer questions testing vocabulary, grammar, communication skills, listening and reading comprehension. The test covers topics like making reservations, allergies, posting photos, and conversations recommending restaurants. It also includes a reading passage about the land artist Andy Goldsworthy and his sculptures made from natural materials.
This document contains a test with questions about vocabulary, grammar, communication, listening, reading, and writing. The vocabulary section asks students to complete sentences with provided words and choose the correct option. The grammar section contains exercises on the present perfect simple tense and past simple tense. The communication section is a dialogue completion activity. The listening section asks students to answer questions about short conversations. The reading comprehension is about a story where a man takes an unexpected photo that wins a prize. The writing section prompts students to describe one of their friends.
The document is a test for a pre-intermediate English language course. It contains multiple choice and short answer questions testing vocabulary, grammar, communication skills, and reading comprehension on topics related to baseball caps, travel, hobbies, and daily schedules. The test has sections on vocabulary, communication, grammar, listening, reading, and writing. It evaluates students on their ability to choose correct answers, fill in blanks, answer true/false questions, and write a short paragraph on a given topic.
This document discusses why some parents choose not to vaccinate their children against preventable diseases. While some argue that vaccinations are unnecessary and dangerous, public health experts overwhelmingly agree that vaccinating children is safe and effective at preventing outbreaks of contagious illnesses. The document prompts the reader to consider their stance on this issue and explain their level of agreement or disagreement.
This document provides examples and explanations of different forms of the passive voice in English, including the present simple, present continuous, future, past simple, past continuous, present perfect, passive infinitive, and passive gerund forms. For each tense or form, examples are given for positive, negative, and interrogative constructions in the passive voice.
The document provides an example of a well-structured essay. It includes an introduction with general statements and a thesis statement outlining how computers have impacted business and education. Two body paragraphs then discuss these impacts in more detail using topic sentences and examples. The conclusion restates the thesis and ends with a final thought on the significance of computers.
This document provides extra material for an English language coursebook. It is from Module 1 of the Pioneer Intermediate B1 level and contains additional exercises and activities to supplement the main coursebook. The material aims to help intermediate English learners strengthen their language skills.
Football is a sport played by kicking a ball with the foot to score goals. Some key rules include offsides, which involves being behind the last defender when the ball is played forward. To be successful in football, talent alone is not enough - players like Ronaldo and Messi work extremely hard and dedicate themselves to practicing and improving their skills.
This document contains a cloze test from a 2003 KPDS exam. It consists of 10 questions where key words or phrases are missing from two passages. The first passage is about reducing energy consumption in homes in the EU to meet the Kyoto Protocol targets. The second passage discusses the declining number of refugees accepted by the US after 9/11 due to increased security procedures.
Medieval maps showed nearly half of the Netherlands under water, but large areas have since been reclaimed from the sea. Overfishing, oil spills, and global warming now threaten penguins from Antarctica to the Galapagos Islands. The study of aging was once seen as misdirected but has developed into an important science.
This document contains instructions and prompts for 5 writing assignments for English language learners at the B1+ level. Assignment 1 involves completing a cause and effect essay on negative body image. Assignment 2 is another cause and effect essay, this time on the problems caused by lack of sleep. Assignment 3 is a contrast essay comparing how dreams and relationships change as people age. Assignment 4 is a compare and contrast essay on Japanese and Turkish cultures. Assignment 5 provides 3 potential topics for a 250-350 word essay, including increases in life expectancy and benefits of limited technology in education.
1. Yuri Gagarin was the first person to leave the Earth's surface in 1961. Since then, manned space flight has strictly been a government-run affair.
2. The passage provides a sample test for the YDS exam, which includes vocabulary, reading comprehension, and grammar questions.
3. Aging is like climbing a mountain, where your fatigue increases as you go higher, your breathing becomes more difficult, but your field of view widens.
This document discusses the different uses of "wish" and "if only" with different tenses to express regret, dissatisfaction, or criticism. It can be used with the past tense to talk about present or future situations, with "would" to complain about current situations, and with the past perfect to express regret about past actions. Examples are provided for each case, as well as exercises for the reader to practice using wish/if only with different verb tenses.
1) The document is a test for Module 8 of the Pioneer pre-intermediate English course. It contains sections on vocabulary, communication, grammar, listening, reading, and writing.
2) The vocabulary section contains exercises on matching words to definitions and completing sentences with provided vocabulary words. The communication section involves completing a dialogue with provided sentences.
3) The grammar section contains exercises on circling correct verb forms, choosing the correct prepositions, and completing sentences with the proper grammar structures. The listening section involves completing sentences based on a basketball commentary.
4) The reading comprehension involves reading a passage about Sir Alex Ferguson and indicating whether statements about the passage are true or false. The writing section prompts answering questions
This document provides guidance for an independent speaking practice exercise where the student is asked to give their opinion on whether they are more productive alone or with others. It instructs the student to write their answer, reasons, examples, and related ideas and expressions in the blanks provided. It also includes a sample response for the student to analyze for useful expressions. The goal is for the student to practice expressing their opinion on this topic in a few sentences while using specific examples and reasons to support their point of view.
The document is a sample test for an English language course covering topics like vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, listening, and writing.
The test contains multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions to assess understanding of vocabulary, grammar structures, a reading passage, and conversations. It also includes a short writing prompt asking the test taker to reply to an email from a friend planning a visit.
1) The document is a test for Module 6 of the Pioneer pre-intermediate English course. It contains questions testing vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, listening skills and writing.
2) The vocabulary questions involve matching words to sentences, choosing the correct word to complete sentences, and matching words to their definitions.
3) The grammar section contains exercises on using the present simple and future forms of verbs correctly in sentences.
4) Other sections include a reading comprehension with true/false questions about an astronaut's biography, listening to identify who is speaking in a dialogue, and writing a short paragraph expressing an opinion.
Robert Peary claimed to be the first person to reach the North Pole in 1909, but many people at the time doubted his claim given how quickly he returned from the expedition. Modern explorers agree it was impossible for him to have traveled that fast. While some explorers came close by plane or submarine in later decades, the first person confirmed to have definitively reached the North Pole on foot was British explorer Wally Herbert in 1969.
1) Linda crashed her car while driving home from a friend's house on a rainy night. She lost control of the vehicle after hitting a tree.
2) When she got out to inspect the damage, Linda discovered her front tire was flat, which caused the accident. After trying unsuccessfully to call her friend for help, she changed the tire herself, which took half an hour.
3) However, when Linda tried to drive home after finishing, her car wouldn't start. She was forced to walk back to her friend's house along the road in the rain, arriving at midnight.
The document is a test answer key for an English proficiency exam covering 6 modules of material. It provides answers to vocabulary, grammar, reading, listening and writing questions. The listening transcript section includes 3 short conversations about travel delays, feeling ill on vacation, and visiting a favorite beach as a child.
The document is a test for Module 3 of the Pioneer pre-intermediate English course. It contains multiple choice and short answer questions testing vocabulary, grammar, communication skills, listening and reading comprehension. The test covers topics like making reservations, allergies, posting photos, and conversations recommending restaurants. It also includes a reading passage about the land artist Andy Goldsworthy and his sculptures made from natural materials.
This document contains a test with questions about vocabulary, grammar, communication, listening, reading, and writing. The vocabulary section asks students to complete sentences with provided words and choose the correct option. The grammar section contains exercises on the present perfect simple tense and past simple tense. The communication section is a dialogue completion activity. The listening section asks students to answer questions about short conversations. The reading comprehension is about a story where a man takes an unexpected photo that wins a prize. The writing section prompts students to describe one of their friends.
The document is a test for a pre-intermediate English language course. It contains multiple choice and short answer questions testing vocabulary, grammar, communication skills, and reading comprehension on topics related to baseball caps, travel, hobbies, and daily schedules. The test has sections on vocabulary, communication, grammar, listening, reading, and writing. It evaluates students on their ability to choose correct answers, fill in blanks, answer true/false questions, and write a short paragraph on a given topic.
This document discusses why some parents choose not to vaccinate their children against preventable diseases. While some argue that vaccinations are unnecessary and dangerous, public health experts overwhelmingly agree that vaccinating children is safe and effective at preventing outbreaks of contagious illnesses. The document prompts the reader to consider their stance on this issue and explain their level of agreement or disagreement.
The document contains 18 multiple choice questions testing understanding of modal verbs. For each question, the correct answer is provided. The questions cover a range of contexts where modal verbs such as could, might, should, must are used to express meanings like possibility, necessity, permission and speculation.
Modals of deduction_and_speculation (present & past)hacersivil
The document discusses modal verbs used to express degrees of certainty or possibility in statements about the present and past. In the present, must, can't, may/might/could, and should are used to indicate levels of certainty or possibility. In the past, must have, can't have, should have/ought to have, could have, and may have/might have are used to make deductions or express uncertainty about past events or situations. Examples are provided for each modal verb. The document also provides practice rewriting sentences using different modal verbs.
Jane imagines what she would do if she won the lottery. She would stop working, take time off to relax and find herself again. She would buy a new house and car, preferably a villa in Spain and a Mercedes. She would enroll her daughter in a good private school to give her the best education possible. However, Jane knows these are just dreams and she needs to focus on her current responsibilities of taking care of her daughter and paying bills. While it would be nice to not struggle financially, Jane is thankful for what she does have - a warm home, full cupboards, and her beautiful daughter, who is more important than any amount of money.
This document discusses reported speech rules and provides exercises to practice reported speech. It covers 6 pages and includes an answer key for 33 reported speech exercises. The exercises involve reporting statements made in direct speech by changing pronouns, adverbs of time, and verbs to the appropriate form for reported or indirect speech.
The document summarizes the key rules for changing reported speech based on changes in place, time, and people involved. It provides examples of direct speech and the corresponding reported speech. It also includes a table showing typical changes to time expressions between direct and reported speech, such as "now" becoming "then" and "tomorrow" becoming "today". Exercises are included to practice reported speech rules.
The document provides examples of direct speech and the reported or indirect speech versions of those statements. There are 24 sentences presented in direct speech followed by the reported speech equivalent for each one. The reported speech versions change pronouns, adverbs of time, and occasionally the tense or modality of the original direct speech statement to reflect that it is now being reported rather than spoken directly.
Noun clauses-functions- short summary (1)hacersivil
This document discusses the types and functions of noun clauses. There are three types of noun clauses: those beginning with question words, those beginning with whether or if, and those beginning with that. Noun clauses can serve seven functions: as the subject, object, adjective complement, subject complement, appositive, object of a preposition, and indirect object of a sentence. The document provides examples to illustrate each type and function of a noun clause.
The document discusses noun clauses, which can replace nouns or pronouns in sentences. It provides examples of changing statements, yes/no questions, and wh- questions into noun clauses by using words like "that", "if", and wh- words. The document also notes that "that" can sometimes be omitted in noun clauses and discusses uses of "that" clauses. Exercises are provided to practice forming and identifying noun clauses.
The document provides information about infinitives and how they are used after certain verbs. It discusses verbs that can be followed directly by an infinitive without an object, verbs that require an object before the infinitive, and verbs that can be used with or without an object before the infinitive. Examples are given for each case. The document also includes practice exercises for students to complete sentences using infinitives correctly.
11. ー ／ ∴i＼言霊∵高言言高畠塙一一∴ ∴申・高話料諒
十・一二i出初需品畦臨秋涼軸心恥）贈臨ふ陣地頼家祢小豆をお出棚再議廉め心機的鴫軸 潟謙一一、1餌場ぬ
潜勘 H ﾘ 9Jx { H X 耳寤茯+(蛻 ﾈ i h X H Y$ Y ( F v X S 自z$菱 ﾘ H 耳 H 69}ｨ耳 Xv ,X8H ｸ耳耳 飲
∴言∴ 8 b ﾂ
：∵ 二で’i ∴二 二黍 ！ぎ’YDS
緊 DENEMESINAVl
選 ∴∴ ′一二舌i● 一挙 議 ∴∴ ＼”一半− ：’誉∴ ：∴ 〈 ■＼ 襲 ol 一会： 亭ii￣ 葺 i 教 iO
渠： ∵1 亊位ｨ xｽ C( ｹ 8ｻ r Hﾇ iｨﾊｨ r
C’譲霊薬軍需 C’韓謹謹
D’祭器謹嵩n言［嵩諾欝譜嵩 E）讃叢畿E’驚鶉驚
ii三 二
一一主：
主
88888888 ．撥総鑑餓怒麟騒鰯謹選緩滅
；言：！縮
8888888888888888888 言綴灘
で き ） ∼ 剪
7 圭 i i 劍 ｸ h ｶ9J
・克駿’ti￣、−∴∴ヽ
DILKO ＼三￣∴∴高言受＿1，−詰嵩 ∵∴231∴ ′ 劍 h X H
〟．一 一 一 一 一 劍 / ｼi H
譲騒・ 藤懸綴謡： 劍 h
