(1) The document presents an abstract submission for a conference on comparative studies of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed from wastewater disinfection using peracetic acid (PAA) versus sodium hypochlorite (NaClO).
(2) The study aims to identify and compare potential genotoxic and mutagenic DBPs formed from each method, and also compare the reduction and potential DBP formation of selected endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals.
(3) Preliminary results found chlorinated forms of 17β-estradiol and estrone formed from NaClO disinfection that may be more toxic, while PAA disinfection formed two unidentified DBPs including a proposed
Characterization of mining tailings containing sulfides and carbonates applyi...Judson Arantes
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is the process resulting from the oxidation of sulfides exposed to the action of oxygen and water. The characterization of the minerals likely the formation and neutralization of AMD is important for the follow and evaluation of environmental impact. The analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) together with the Rietveld method is presented as a promising alternative to favor the identification and quantification of mineral phases. The results of the static test ANC achieved by accounting for carbonates consumed during the test, were correlated with the results obtained by the characterization techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with the Rietveld method. The highest concentration of carbonate buffering found in AM2E, which may explain the static test results to be neutralizing for the sample. The major phases identified for both samples were aluminosilicates and quartz, with greater than 70% by weight levels.
Characterization of mining tailings containing sulfides and carbonates applyi...Judson Arantes
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is the process resulting from the oxidation of sulfides exposed to the action of oxygen and water. The characterization of the minerals likely the formation and neutralization of AMD is important for the follow and evaluation of environmental impact. The analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) together with the Rietveld method is presented as a promising alternative to favor the identification and quantification of mineral phases. The results of the static test ANC achieved by accounting for carbonates consumed during the test, were correlated with the results obtained by the characterization techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with the Rietveld method. The highest concentration of carbonate buffering found in AM2E, which may explain the static test results to be neutralizing for the sample. The major phases identified for both samples were aluminosilicates and quartz, with greater than 70% by weight levels.
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The microprocessor based automatic, advance, electronic and latest designed COD Analyzers are used for detection of Chemical Oxygen Demand. The Laboratory COD analyzer acts as water analyzer for detection of Chemical Oxygen Demand in both polluted and normal water. Weiber water analyzer works as high quality analysis tool for determination of inorganic pollution, waste water, sewage and Plant Effluent Treatment. For More Information Please Logon http://goo.gl/gaktwZ
Details about Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD) with solved examples. Extra examples are given for homework. You can contact me for details on pratik1516@gmail.com.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and its Industrial SignificanceAdnan Murad Bhayo
BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organism in a body of water to breakdown organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period .
Most of Bacteria in the aquatic columns are aerobic. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera.
Atmosphere contains 21% oxygen (210000 mg/dm3)
Higher the temperature of water higher will be the rate of respiration. So, concentration of oxygen decreases.
Many Animal species can grow and reproduce normally when dissolved oxygen level is ~ 5.0 mg/L.
HYPOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 3.0 mg/L. Many Species move elsewhere and immobile species may die
ANOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 0.5 mg/L. All aerobic species will die
Fertilizer contains Nitrate contributes to high BOD
Phosphate present in Soap and detergent that enhances the growth of algal blooms. As a result depletion of oxygen occur.
In a body of water with large amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 90 %, this would represent High BOD
In a body of water with small amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 10 %, this would represent Low BOD
ANALYSIS OF BOD OF WATER
Use glass bottles having 60 mL or greater capacity. Take samples of water.
Turn on the constant temperature chamber to allow the
controlled temperature to stabilize at 20°C ±1°C.
Record the DO level (ppm) of one immediately.
Place water sample in an incubator in complete darkness at 20 C for 5 days. Exclude all light to prevent possibility of photosynthetic production of DO
If don't have an incubator, wrap the water sample bottle in aluminum foil or black electrical tape and store in a dark place at room temperature (20o C or 68 °F).
DILUTION OF SAMPLE
Most relatively unpolluted streams have a BOD5 that ranges from 1 to 8 mg/L
Dilution is necessary when the amount of DO consumed by microorganisms is greater than the amount of DO available in the air-saturated.
If the BOD5 value of a sample is less than 7 mg/L, sample dilution is not needed.
The DO concentration after 5 days must be at least 1 mg/L and at least 2 mg/L lower in concentration than the initial DO
(American Public Health Association and others, 1995).
BOD of the dilution water is less than 0.2 mg/L.
Discard dilution water if there is any sign of biological growth.
pH of the dilution water needs to be maintained in a range suitable for bacterial growth
Bacterial growth is very good between 6.5 to 7.5
Sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide may need to be added to the dilution water to lower or raise the pH, respectively.
CALCULATION:
The general equation for the determination of a BOD5 value is:
BOD = D1-D2/P
Where
D1 = initial DO of the sample,
D2 = final DO of the sample after 5 days, and
P = decimal volumetric fraction of sample used.
If 100 mL of sample a
This Presentation Clarifying about potable Water analysis and their methods which i gave training on operation and maintenance team for Oman Al Ghubrah Independence Water Project (SWRO Desalination 42 MIGD)
The pH Behavior of Seventeen Deep Eutectic SolventsMichal Jablonsky
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a unique category of green solvents that have gained attention in biomass processing due to their distinctive properties not offered by traditional solvents. The pH behavior of 17 selected DESs along with their temperature dependence on pH were evaluated in this study. For all investigated DESs, a temperature increase caused a decrease in pH value.
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The microprocessor based automatic, advance, electronic and latest designed COD Analyzers are used for detection of Chemical Oxygen Demand. The Laboratory COD analyzer acts as water analyzer for detection of Chemical Oxygen Demand in both polluted and normal water. Weiber water analyzer works as high quality analysis tool for determination of inorganic pollution, waste water, sewage and Plant Effluent Treatment. For More Information Please Logon http://goo.gl/gaktwZ
Details about Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD) with solved examples. Extra examples are given for homework. You can contact me for details on pratik1516@gmail.com.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and its Industrial SignificanceAdnan Murad Bhayo
BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organism in a body of water to breakdown organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period .
Most of Bacteria in the aquatic columns are aerobic. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera.
Atmosphere contains 21% oxygen (210000 mg/dm3)
Higher the temperature of water higher will be the rate of respiration. So, concentration of oxygen decreases.
Many Animal species can grow and reproduce normally when dissolved oxygen level is ~ 5.0 mg/L.
HYPOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 3.0 mg/L. Many Species move elsewhere and immobile species may die
ANOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 0.5 mg/L. All aerobic species will die
Fertilizer contains Nitrate contributes to high BOD
Phosphate present in Soap and detergent that enhances the growth of algal blooms. As a result depletion of oxygen occur.
In a body of water with large amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 90 %, this would represent High BOD
In a body of water with small amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 10 %, this would represent Low BOD
ANALYSIS OF BOD OF WATER
Use glass bottles having 60 mL or greater capacity. Take samples of water.
Turn on the constant temperature chamber to allow the
controlled temperature to stabilize at 20°C ±1°C.
Record the DO level (ppm) of one immediately.
Place water sample in an incubator in complete darkness at 20 C for 5 days. Exclude all light to prevent possibility of photosynthetic production of DO
If don't have an incubator, wrap the water sample bottle in aluminum foil or black electrical tape and store in a dark place at room temperature (20o C or 68 °F).
DILUTION OF SAMPLE
Most relatively unpolluted streams have a BOD5 that ranges from 1 to 8 mg/L
Dilution is necessary when the amount of DO consumed by microorganisms is greater than the amount of DO available in the air-saturated.
If the BOD5 value of a sample is less than 7 mg/L, sample dilution is not needed.
The DO concentration after 5 days must be at least 1 mg/L and at least 2 mg/L lower in concentration than the initial DO
(American Public Health Association and others, 1995).
BOD of the dilution water is less than 0.2 mg/L.
Discard dilution water if there is any sign of biological growth.
pH of the dilution water needs to be maintained in a range suitable for bacterial growth
Bacterial growth is very good between 6.5 to 7.5
Sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide may need to be added to the dilution water to lower or raise the pH, respectively.
CALCULATION:
The general equation for the determination of a BOD5 value is:
BOD = D1-D2/P
Where
D1 = initial DO of the sample,
D2 = final DO of the sample after 5 days, and
P = decimal volumetric fraction of sample used.
If 100 mL of sample a
This Presentation Clarifying about potable Water analysis and their methods which i gave training on operation and maintenance team for Oman Al Ghubrah Independence Water Project (SWRO Desalination 42 MIGD)
The pH Behavior of Seventeen Deep Eutectic SolventsMichal Jablonsky
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a unique category of green solvents that have gained attention in biomass processing due to their distinctive properties not offered by traditional solvents. The pH behavior of 17 selected DESs along with their temperature dependence on pH were evaluated in this study. For all investigated DESs, a temperature increase caused a decrease in pH value.
Evaluation of the levels of haloacetic acids in gharbiya governorate, egypt[#...Ahmed Hasham
The occurrence of haloacetic acids (HAAs) was studied in the drinking water samples from Gharbiya
governorate water treatment plants and its water supply network that served more than 5 million people. Drinking
water disinfection by-products are formed when a disinfectant reacts with natural organic matter and/or
bromide/iodide present in a raw water source. Trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids are the two most prevalent
classes of DBPs and are regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency as well as being subject to World
Health Organization guidelines due to their potential health risk. Drinking water samples were collected from 4
sites monthly over one year (2017-2018). The aims of the present study are to investigate the levels of HAAs in
Gharbiya governorate (middle of Delta Egypt) drinking water. monochloroacetic acid ranged from 6.8 to 32.5
µg/L, dichloroacetic acid ranged from 9.8 to 43.7 µg/L, and the trichloroacetic acid ranged from 6.5 to 31.8 µg/L,
the minimum values observed during winter 2018 and the maximum value observed during summer 2017., The
HAAs species values were complying with the Egyptian standard (Ministerial Decree No.458/2007) and as well
as WHO 2012) standards for drinking water
The pH Behavior of Seventeen Deep Eutectic SolventsMichal Jablonsky
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a unique category of green solvents that have gained attention in biomass processing due to their distinctive properties not offered by traditional solvents. The pH behavior of 17 selected DESs along with their temperature dependence on pH were evaluated in this study. For all investigated DESs, a temperature increase caused a decrease in pH value.
THERMAL STABILITY OF SELECTED DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTSMichal Jablonsky
n this study, a new type of " green solvents " named deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has been synthesized combining hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and hydrogen bond donors (HBDs). Choline chloride (ChCl) was chosen as typical HBA, and lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and oxalic acidwere chosen as HBDs. The thermal stability of deep eutectic solvents is an important parameter for their application and limits the maximum operation temperature. The thermal stability of DESs such as lactic, tartaric, citric and oxalic acid with choline chloride showed wide range of application (134.8 – 197.8°C). All DESs were observed in temperature range 25 – 400°C.
Distillery Wastewater Decontamination by the Fenton Advanced Oxidation MethodIJRES Journal
This study evaluated the effect of Fenton advanced oxidation process on the treatment of an industrial wastewater (distillery). The comparison of the effects of Fe2+ loadings, H2O2 dosages (2%(v/v)and 4%(v/v)), reaction temperature and reaction time, established optimum efficiency in terms of BOD and COD reductions. The best operating conditions for the treatment of the distillery wastewater containing 43.85 mg/L BOD concentration and 274.28 mg/L COD concentration in the raw effluent was 2% H2O2 dosage at constant loadings of Fe2+ (1.5 g), 80 oC pretreatment temperature, and 1 h reaction time. At this optimized condition, the BOD content reduced to about 35 mg/L (about 21% removal) and COD content reduced to about 53 mg/L (about 81% removal). There was a complete removal of the initial colour present in the wastewater after the treatment process. The process proved the ability to effectively reduce the COD content which when high in industrial wastewaters can lead to serious impacts to the environment.
Enhancing the adsorption of disinfection by products onto activated carbon us...Ahmed Hasham
The removal of contaminants from consumable waters by the traditional water treatment techniques is highly difficult. Disinfection of water alludes to the inactivation or pulverization of unsafe living pathogenic beings, which living in the water. Occurrence of disinfection by products (DBPs) during disinfection normally demonstrates lethal impacts on human health. Granular activated carbon (GAC) has the oldest history of decreasing of organic matters, but its role is reducing by time. TiO2 is used to accelerate the removal of the DBPs. TiO2 nanoparticles have good adsorption phenomena on the removal of those organic compounds at various pHs and temperatures and give good results. This study proved that TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the efficiency of GAC to remove DBPs from water. While the elimination of trihalomethanes (THMs), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) using 0.5 g of GAC was determined as 61.7, 69.8 and 83.2% respectively, the elimination of them by 0.1 g of TiO2 nanoparticles :GAC (1:1) was estimated as 100, 96 and 100%, respectively.
El rendimiento comparativo del ferrato de potasio (VI), sulfato férrico y sulfato de aluminio para la eliminación de turbidez, química
Se evaluó la demanda de oxígeno (DQO), el color (como Vis400-abs) y las bacterias en el tratamiento de aguas residuales. Para la coagulación y desinfección de aguas residuales,
1. 2012 Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition (WQTC): Abstract Submission
Comparative Study of Disinfection By-products (DBPs) Formation during Wastewater
Disinfection with Peracetic Acid (PAA) versus Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO)
Miaoyi Yan, Onita D. Basu, and Jeffery Manthorpe
Peracetic acid (PAA) is gaining increased acceptance in recent years as an alternative
disinfectant to chlorine, and preliminary studies by others have identified its relatively harmless
disinfection by-products (DBPs). However, research on PAA disinfection, especially on its DBPs
formation, is still relatively new in the field of water and wastewater treatment.
The primary goals of this project are to (1) investigate and identify potential genotoxic
and mutagenic DBPs formed from wastewater disinfection with PAA and compare them with the
corresponding DBPs from NaClO at the same experimental conditions; (2) compare reduction
and potential DBPs formation of selected Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs)/
Pharmaceuticals (PhAC) from PAA and NaClO oxidation. Among the extensive suite of various
EDCs/PhAC found in water, 17 β-Estradiol (E2), Clofibric Acid, and Ketoprofen have been
chosen and focused on in this research, since these t chemicals are frequently measured but not
easily removed by chlorination or ozone oxidation in WWTP, and their high degree of
persistence in environment has lead to long-lasting effects on various water matrices, aquatic
wildlife, farm animals, and even food chain. Comparison of these three chemicals reacted by
PAA versus NaClO can help us to further assess PAA oxidation efficiency and their
corresponding toxicity. Experimental parameters including PAA/NaClO dosage, pH, hydraulic
contact time and their effect on DBPs formation are also studied to investigate conditions that
minimize DBPs formation.
2. In this research, Jar testing study at laboratory scale is used to simulate contact chamber
conditions. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analyzer is used for DBPs
identification and quantification. Experimental desigh and sample preparation procedures are as
follows: 1) Sample Preparation by Jar Testing at different dosages (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10mg/L) and
different contact time (0, 10, 15, 30, 60 min); 2) Quenching by sodium thiosulfate and catalase,
acidification by 98% sulfuric acid at pH=2-2.5; 3) Liquid-liquid extraction by dichloromethane;
4) Evaporation/Drying by rotating evaporator; 5) Appropriate gas chromatography and mass
spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis for a certain DBP’s identification. Possible DBPs can be found
by comparing Full-Scan Mass Spectrums before and after disinfection for both PAA and NaClO
disinfection. By combination of various techniques including comparison of experimental mass
spectrum against a fragmentation library that contains published patterns of known
decomposition reaction, software assisted interpretation, and structure elucidation, an unknown
DBP can be identified. The corresponding different disinfection efficiency of PAA versus NaClO
can be demonstrated, and the influence of PAA/NaClO dosages, contact time on each DBP
formation can be also illustrated.
EDC/PhAC at 1 ppm 17 β-Estradiol (E2), Clofibric Acid, and Ketoprofen were reacted
with 10 ppm PAA/NaClO. Comparisons of the various mass spectrums: before and after
treatment with the two disinfectants, identify new peaks in the disinfected samples may be
considered to be DBPs or degradation products. For 17 β-Estradiol (E2) +NaClO, it was shown
that NaClO decomposed 17 β-Estradiol (E2) significantly, which means it may reduce 17 β-
Estradiol (E2) estrogenic effects as well. However, three DBPs were formed: 4-chloro-E2/ 2-
chloro-E2, 4-chloro-E1/ 2-chloro-E1, and one unknown peak needed to be further identified.
3. 2012 Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition (WQTC): Abstract Submission
These chlorinated 17 β-Estradiol (E2)/ Estrone (E1) might be more toxic than 17 β-Estradiol
(E2) itself and have more estrogenic effects on environment. PAA did not appear to significantly
decompose 17β-Estradiol (E2). However, two DBPs still noted post PAA disinfection: We
propose CH3O-E2 for one DBP, and the other one is still unknown. They will be further
identified and their toxicity will be analyzed in future work. Neither Clofibric acid or Ketoprofen
were oxidized by exposure to PAA/NaClO and no DBPs were found.
Preliminary wastewater disinfection with PAA/NaClO indicates a variety of DBPs from
both PAA/NaClO. The corresponding conclusion from this research will draw some light on the
potential DBPs formation during wastewater disinfection with PAA. It could provide reference
for PAA dosage applied in the field scale and benefit researchers to further study the methods to
reduce the genotoxic, carcinogenic, and/or mutagenic DBPs in order to minimize human and
environmental exposure to noxious pollutants.
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