This document provides information on the least toxic control of three common types of termites: dampwood, drywood, and subterranean. It discusses the identification of each type of termite through characteristics like appearance, habitat preferences, and signs of infestation. The document also outlines both pre-construction and post-construction prevention strategies that create barriers and eliminate moisture to protect homes from termite damage. Monitoring techniques are suggested for each termite type.
This document provides information on identifying and managing different types of termite infestations in homes in a non-toxic manner. It discusses the three main types of termites (subterranean, dampwood, and drywood), how to identify each type, and least-toxic prevention and treatment options. For existing infestations, it recommends non-toxic approaches like removing infested wood, using cold treatments or desiccating dusts like diatomaceous earth. The document emphasizes conducting thorough inspections and asking pest control companies detailed questions about their methods to choose effective and least-toxic control options.
Termites are abundant throughout Sydney especially in Northern Beaches and North Shore areas. If you want to know the warning signs of these pests, how to prevent their infestation and the treatment options, have a look at this.
The Groasis Waterboxx is a low-tech device that helps seeds and saplings grow into strong trees in dry environments. It collects and stores rainwater and condensation to slowly water the roots daily. In tests, 88% of trees grown with the Waterboxx survived compared to only 10.5% without it. The inventor believes using this technology could reforest billions of acres and offset humanity's carbon emissions by capturing CO2 in new tree growth.
COURSE Sources and Causes of Conducive Conditions (1).pptxPestCEUs1
This document discusses sources of moisture that can lead to structural damage if ignored, including excessive watering of plants near structures, leaky plumbing, and poor drainage. It also identifies areas where wood contacts soil as risks for termite and fungus infestation. Inspection procedures are outlined for examining the exterior, interior, attic, and crawl space/substructure of a building to identify moisture issues, wood-soil contacts, and signs of termite or fungus activity. Inspectors are advised to thoroughly check all accessible areas and note any areas that require access to fully inspect.
COURSE Sources and Causes of Conducive Conditions (1).pptxNanetteLaunius
This document discusses sources of moisture that can lead to structural damage if ignored, including excessive watering of plants near structures, leaky plumbing, and poor drainage. It also identifies areas where wood contacts soil as risks for termite and fungus infestation. The inspection process is outlined, including exterior examination of the structure and surrounding soil, interior inspection with a focus on plumbing fixtures and appliances, attic inspection, and crawl space inspection with attention to areas under porches, patios, and plumbing vent locations. Thorough inspection of all accessible areas as well as documentation of any inaccessible areas is emphasized.
COURSE Sources and Causes of Conducive Conditions.pptxNanetteLaunius
This document discusses sources of moisture that can lead to structural damage if unchecked, including excessive irrigation of plants near structures, leaky plumbing, and poor drainage. It also discusses how different soil types can affect termite activity and how direct contact between wood and earth invites termite and fungus attacks. Specific areas of homes that should be inspected include earth-wood contacts, slab foundations, crawl spaces, attics, and interior areas near plumbing sources. A thorough inspection involves examining the exterior, interior, attic, and sub-structural areas using the proper equipment and following specific procedures for each area.
Course Sources and Causes of Conducive Conditions.doc.pptxPestCEUs
This document discusses potential sources of structural pest problems, including water, soil issues, and earth to wood contact. It provides details on proper inspection techniques, necessary equipment which includes lights, probes, and moisture meters, and procedures for exterior, interior, attic, and crawlspace inspections. The inspector is advised to thoroughly check areas where water issues may occur, look in difficult to access areas, note any inaccessible spaces, and probe locations like earth-filled porches and around plumbing fixtures to identify potential pest entry points.
Preventing and minimising accidents to residents and visitors to your property is very important. This diagram shows many of the typical things to look for.
This document provides information on identifying and managing different types of termite infestations in homes in a non-toxic manner. It discusses the three main types of termites (subterranean, dampwood, and drywood), how to identify each type, and least-toxic prevention and treatment options. For existing infestations, it recommends non-toxic approaches like removing infested wood, using cold treatments or desiccating dusts like diatomaceous earth. The document emphasizes conducting thorough inspections and asking pest control companies detailed questions about their methods to choose effective and least-toxic control options.
Termites are abundant throughout Sydney especially in Northern Beaches and North Shore areas. If you want to know the warning signs of these pests, how to prevent their infestation and the treatment options, have a look at this.
The Groasis Waterboxx is a low-tech device that helps seeds and saplings grow into strong trees in dry environments. It collects and stores rainwater and condensation to slowly water the roots daily. In tests, 88% of trees grown with the Waterboxx survived compared to only 10.5% without it. The inventor believes using this technology could reforest billions of acres and offset humanity's carbon emissions by capturing CO2 in new tree growth.
COURSE Sources and Causes of Conducive Conditions (1).pptxPestCEUs1
This document discusses sources of moisture that can lead to structural damage if ignored, including excessive watering of plants near structures, leaky plumbing, and poor drainage. It also identifies areas where wood contacts soil as risks for termite and fungus infestation. Inspection procedures are outlined for examining the exterior, interior, attic, and crawl space/substructure of a building to identify moisture issues, wood-soil contacts, and signs of termite or fungus activity. Inspectors are advised to thoroughly check all accessible areas and note any areas that require access to fully inspect.
COURSE Sources and Causes of Conducive Conditions (1).pptxNanetteLaunius
This document discusses sources of moisture that can lead to structural damage if ignored, including excessive watering of plants near structures, leaky plumbing, and poor drainage. It also identifies areas where wood contacts soil as risks for termite and fungus infestation. The inspection process is outlined, including exterior examination of the structure and surrounding soil, interior inspection with a focus on plumbing fixtures and appliances, attic inspection, and crawl space inspection with attention to areas under porches, patios, and plumbing vent locations. Thorough inspection of all accessible areas as well as documentation of any inaccessible areas is emphasized.
COURSE Sources and Causes of Conducive Conditions.pptxNanetteLaunius
This document discusses sources of moisture that can lead to structural damage if unchecked, including excessive irrigation of plants near structures, leaky plumbing, and poor drainage. It also discusses how different soil types can affect termite activity and how direct contact between wood and earth invites termite and fungus attacks. Specific areas of homes that should be inspected include earth-wood contacts, slab foundations, crawl spaces, attics, and interior areas near plumbing sources. A thorough inspection involves examining the exterior, interior, attic, and sub-structural areas using the proper equipment and following specific procedures for each area.
Course Sources and Causes of Conducive Conditions.doc.pptxPestCEUs
This document discusses potential sources of structural pest problems, including water, soil issues, and earth to wood contact. It provides details on proper inspection techniques, necessary equipment which includes lights, probes, and moisture meters, and procedures for exterior, interior, attic, and crawlspace inspections. The inspector is advised to thoroughly check areas where water issues may occur, look in difficult to access areas, note any inaccessible spaces, and probe locations like earth-filled porches and around plumbing fixtures to identify potential pest entry points.
Preventing and minimising accidents to residents and visitors to your property is very important. This diagram shows many of the typical things to look for.
1. The visual dictionary provides definitions and descriptions of various construction materials and building components such as air barrier paper, attic ventilation materials, backhoes, batter boards, brick bonds, concrete joints, electrical components, framing elements, insulation types, plumbing fixtures, rebar, roofing materials and terms, and stone types.
2. Each term includes a brief description and relevant details about the material or component's purpose, characteristics, sizes, and uses in construction.
3. The visual dictionary serves as a reference guide, defining and illustrating key materials that make up the fundamental elements of built structures and infrastructure projects.
Sources and Causes of Conducive Conditions (1).pdfPestCEUs
This document provides guidance on inspecting structures for moisture and termite issues. It discusses examining the exterior for signs of moisture problems from sources like improper irrigation, plumbing leaks, or poor drainage. Specific areas to inspect include foundations, siding, vents, and any wood in contact with soil. The interior, attic, and crawlspace should also be checked for moisture signs and termite damage. Proper equipment and techniques are outlined, such as using lights, mirrors, and moisture meters to thoroughly inspect accessible and inaccessible areas. Inaccessible areas should be noted on reports with recommendations to access for further inspection.
Timber can rot if not properly maintained. There are two main types of rot: dry rot and wet rot. Dry rot fungus thrives in damp conditions and can destroy timber. It appears as cotton-wool like sheets on surfaces. Treating dry rot involves removing infected timber. Wet rot occurs when timber is exposed to high moisture levels over long periods. It makes timber feel spongy and look darker. Ensuring proper ventilation and repairs of structural issues can prevent rot.
This document provides information about cockroach management. It discusses the habitats and behaviors of different cockroach species. German cockroaches are the most common found in homes and prefer warm, moist areas near food sources and heating ducts. The document recommends prevention methods like sealing cracks larger than 1/16 inches, screening vents and drains, and keeping food sealed. It also suggests monitoring with sticky traps. Control methods include using boric acid or diatomaceous earth in wall cracks and crevices where cockroaches hide.
The document discusses least-toxic methods for controlling common spiders. It describes the tarantula, black widow, and brown recluse spiders. It provides information on their habitats and behaviors. The document recommends non-chemical prevention methods like sealing cracks and vents, removing debris and clutter, and monitoring problem areas. Control methods include vacuuming webs and egg cases, trapping spiders in jars or bags and releasing them outside.
Animals in your roof are pests! Arm yourself with some information about the damage they can cause and how to prevent them causing trouble in your house!
Notes to accompany 2006 bological and mechanical damageJulian Swindell
Fungi, such as dry rot and wet rot, are serious biological threats as they can penetrate and destroy wood. Dry rot is especially destructive as its hyphae can spread to dry timber. Invertebrates like woodworm can also damage wood as their larval forms eat the wood. Plants can push buildings apart by growing in joints and cracks if not properly maintained. Over time, normal wear and environmental factors like movement from vibration, shocks, or moisture can manifest as cracks and tilts, eventually causing buildings to deteriorate to a point where demolition is required.
Everything about Termite - The Silent Invader By Dr. PradeepADDA
This SlideShare is about the presentation on Termite Control by Dr.Pradeep of ISS Hi-Care Services during ApartmentADDA's "Estate Manager Workshop" conducted on 16-Sep-2011.
This presentation explains Reasons for Termite Raids, their intense Carcinogenic effect called the "Silent Destroyers", Access Points, Signs of Infestation, Facts about Termites, the ways for Termites exclusion.
To get more information on workshop check the link here
http://apartmentadda.com/blog/blog/2011/09/20/emwiii/
The key to long-term cockroach control is eliminating their food, water, and shelter sources. Cockroaches can travel through small cracks and crevices to spread from areas with steady food sources like kitchens. The most effective control methods are preventing infestations by sealing entry points and removing food/water sources, and using boric acid or diatomaceous earth in cracks if an infestation occurs.
Homeowners are advised to check for termite activity while preparing their homes for warmer weather, as termites can cause extensive structural damage. Termites are attracted to moisture and feed on wood, going undetected. It's important to properly identify termites to avoid mistaking them for ants and delaying treatment. Homeowners should look for signs of termite infestation like mud tubes on foundations or sawdust-like piles. To prevent termites, homeowners should reduce moisture by fixing gutters and trimming back plants, and contact a pest control specialist if an infestation is suspected.
Marthe Cohn was a Jewish French spy who risked her life to gather intelligence for the French resistance during WWII. She infiltrated Nazi Germany using her fluent German and managed to discover key military information. As a result, the French army was able to achieve an important victory. Cohn went on to have a long career as a nurse and nurse anesthetist. She has received numerous honors for her wartime heroism and courageously fights to keep the memory of the Holocaust alive.
This document provides links to resources about organic gardening techniques, urban farming, rainwater harvesting, green roofs, straight vegetable oil vehicles, garden therapy, volunteering on organic farms in Europe, solar energy training, and eco-friendly coffee beans. It discusses how organic gardening technologies can increase plant yields by 400% and provides catalogs and manuals about topics such as city farming, backyard farming, rain gardens, and aquaponics systems. The links provide free information for organic and sustainable living practices.
Ruth Jones, a Christian teacher without a master's degree or administrative experience, was unexpectedly named principal of a struggling inner city elementary school in Grand Rapids, Michigan that was on the verge of closure due to poor academic performance. Through prayer, addressing students' practical needs, and recruiting volunteers, Jones led a dramatic turnaround of the school over 20 years. Test scores and graduation rates increased sharply, and the school now has a waiting list despite originally facing closure. Jones attributes the school's success to aligning herself with God.
- Coconut oil may help slow or prevent Alzheimer's disease in some people by providing an alternative fuel for brain cells in the form of ketones. Dr. Mary Newport put her husband Steve, who had Alzheimer's, on a diet supplemented with coconut oil, which led to improvements in his symptoms and cognitive abilities.
- Researchers have developed a ketone ester that is more potent than coconut oil, but it is very expensive to produce. Coconut oil remains a viable alternative source of ketones. Taking coconut oil may also help with other neurological diseases due to its ability to increase ketone levels and good cholesterol while reducing bad bacteria.
A teacher in Baltimore transformed the lives of students from the slums. In the 1920s, college students evaluated 200 boys from the slums and said they had no chance of success. Twenty-five years later, it was found that 176 of the 180 boys who could be located had achieved success as lawyers, doctors, and businessmen. The professor interviewed each man and they all credited their success to a teacher who had loved and believed in them. When interviewed, the elderly teacher said her simple method was that she loved those boys.
Robert Raikes witnessed the poor conditions of children in Gloucester, England in the late 18th century due to the Industrial Revolution. This inspired him to create the first Sunday school to educate and reform street children. The Sunday school used the Bible as its textbook and proved hugely successful in improving behavior and civic responsibility. Raikes' idea then spread across Britain and to other parts of Europe and America, revolutionizing religious education of children and community outreach efforts of churches. Late in life, Raikes had a profound spiritual experience witnessing a young girl reading the Bible that gave him a new understanding of faith.
The document discusses using Groasis Waterboxx devices to help plant and grow trees in dry environments like the Sahara Desert. It describes how the author and a colleague tried using 10 Waterboxx devices to plant trees in M'hamid, Morocco but their luggage containing the devices was initially lost. They were eventually found and the devices were used to plant tamarisk trees to compare growth with traditional planting methods. The document provides details on how the Waterboxx works, collecting condensation and directing water to tree roots, and hopes the experiment will help increase tree survival rates in the dry climate.
The document discusses the Groasis Technology, a planting method that uses a Waterboxx and other techniques to plant trees in dry areas with 90% less water. It summarizes that the technology (1) improves soil, maps planting areas, harvests rainfall, and uses the right planting techniques to help trees grow deep roots in the first year to survive independently. It also describes how the technology terraces slopes to harvest and direct rainfall to trees, uses 3D imaging to map ideal planting lines, and a capillary drill to quickly plant thousands of trees per day.
The document describes the Agua, Vida y Naturaleza Project (AVNP) that started in Ecuador in 2012. It is funded by the Dutch COmON Foundation to help small farmers in dry areas by introducing the Groasis Technology, which allows planting in deserts and eroded lands. The technology mimics nature by improving soil, maintaining capillary structures, and using a waterboxx device. The project aims to address issues small farmers face like lack of water, capital, and farming knowledge, in order to help alleviate world hunger and prevent farmers from migrating to cities due to lack of income from farming dry areas.
The document provides planting instructions for using a Waterboxx planting device. It outlines 6 main steps:
1. Preparing the soil by digging holes and adding compost/fertilizer or just watering.
2. Assembling the Waterboxx by placing the wick, mid-plate, lid, and siphons.
3. Preparing plants by pruning roots to encourage deep growth.
4. Planting in holes aligned east-west within the Waterboxx hole.
5. Placing the assembled Waterboxx over the planted area.
6. Watering the plants and filling the Waterboxx for the first time.
This document provides instructions for growing vegetables using the Groasis Waterboxx system. It details recommendations for greenhouse design, soil preparation, planting methods, plant spacing, watering schedules, and pest and disease management. Proper installation and maintenance of the Waterboxx system is emphasized to ensure healthy plant growth and high crop yields. Close monitoring of climate conditions and plant needs is also advised.
The document is a report on the Groasis waterboxx, a device that aims to allow farming without irrigation. It provides an overview of the waterboxx's history and development, describes its components and how it works, reviews testing that has been done, and evaluates its suitability for organic farming. In the conclusion, the report recommends that the cooperative discussed in the document not use the waterboxx yet, as more data is still needed, but could consider conducting their own tests with support from their technical services.
1. The visual dictionary provides definitions and descriptions of various construction materials and building components such as air barrier paper, attic ventilation materials, backhoes, batter boards, brick bonds, concrete joints, electrical components, framing elements, insulation types, plumbing fixtures, rebar, roofing materials and terms, and stone types.
2. Each term includes a brief description and relevant details about the material or component's purpose, characteristics, sizes, and uses in construction.
3. The visual dictionary serves as a reference guide, defining and illustrating key materials that make up the fundamental elements of built structures and infrastructure projects.
Sources and Causes of Conducive Conditions (1).pdfPestCEUs
This document provides guidance on inspecting structures for moisture and termite issues. It discusses examining the exterior for signs of moisture problems from sources like improper irrigation, plumbing leaks, or poor drainage. Specific areas to inspect include foundations, siding, vents, and any wood in contact with soil. The interior, attic, and crawlspace should also be checked for moisture signs and termite damage. Proper equipment and techniques are outlined, such as using lights, mirrors, and moisture meters to thoroughly inspect accessible and inaccessible areas. Inaccessible areas should be noted on reports with recommendations to access for further inspection.
Timber can rot if not properly maintained. There are two main types of rot: dry rot and wet rot. Dry rot fungus thrives in damp conditions and can destroy timber. It appears as cotton-wool like sheets on surfaces. Treating dry rot involves removing infected timber. Wet rot occurs when timber is exposed to high moisture levels over long periods. It makes timber feel spongy and look darker. Ensuring proper ventilation and repairs of structural issues can prevent rot.
This document provides information about cockroach management. It discusses the habitats and behaviors of different cockroach species. German cockroaches are the most common found in homes and prefer warm, moist areas near food sources and heating ducts. The document recommends prevention methods like sealing cracks larger than 1/16 inches, screening vents and drains, and keeping food sealed. It also suggests monitoring with sticky traps. Control methods include using boric acid or diatomaceous earth in wall cracks and crevices where cockroaches hide.
The document discusses least-toxic methods for controlling common spiders. It describes the tarantula, black widow, and brown recluse spiders. It provides information on their habitats and behaviors. The document recommends non-chemical prevention methods like sealing cracks and vents, removing debris and clutter, and monitoring problem areas. Control methods include vacuuming webs and egg cases, trapping spiders in jars or bags and releasing them outside.
Animals in your roof are pests! Arm yourself with some information about the damage they can cause and how to prevent them causing trouble in your house!
Notes to accompany 2006 bological and mechanical damageJulian Swindell
Fungi, such as dry rot and wet rot, are serious biological threats as they can penetrate and destroy wood. Dry rot is especially destructive as its hyphae can spread to dry timber. Invertebrates like woodworm can also damage wood as their larval forms eat the wood. Plants can push buildings apart by growing in joints and cracks if not properly maintained. Over time, normal wear and environmental factors like movement from vibration, shocks, or moisture can manifest as cracks and tilts, eventually causing buildings to deteriorate to a point where demolition is required.
Everything about Termite - The Silent Invader By Dr. PradeepADDA
This SlideShare is about the presentation on Termite Control by Dr.Pradeep of ISS Hi-Care Services during ApartmentADDA's "Estate Manager Workshop" conducted on 16-Sep-2011.
This presentation explains Reasons for Termite Raids, their intense Carcinogenic effect called the "Silent Destroyers", Access Points, Signs of Infestation, Facts about Termites, the ways for Termites exclusion.
To get more information on workshop check the link here
http://apartmentadda.com/blog/blog/2011/09/20/emwiii/
The key to long-term cockroach control is eliminating their food, water, and shelter sources. Cockroaches can travel through small cracks and crevices to spread from areas with steady food sources like kitchens. The most effective control methods are preventing infestations by sealing entry points and removing food/water sources, and using boric acid or diatomaceous earth in cracks if an infestation occurs.
Homeowners are advised to check for termite activity while preparing their homes for warmer weather, as termites can cause extensive structural damage. Termites are attracted to moisture and feed on wood, going undetected. It's important to properly identify termites to avoid mistaking them for ants and delaying treatment. Homeowners should look for signs of termite infestation like mud tubes on foundations or sawdust-like piles. To prevent termites, homeowners should reduce moisture by fixing gutters and trimming back plants, and contact a pest control specialist if an infestation is suspected.
Marthe Cohn was a Jewish French spy who risked her life to gather intelligence for the French resistance during WWII. She infiltrated Nazi Germany using her fluent German and managed to discover key military information. As a result, the French army was able to achieve an important victory. Cohn went on to have a long career as a nurse and nurse anesthetist. She has received numerous honors for her wartime heroism and courageously fights to keep the memory of the Holocaust alive.
This document provides links to resources about organic gardening techniques, urban farming, rainwater harvesting, green roofs, straight vegetable oil vehicles, garden therapy, volunteering on organic farms in Europe, solar energy training, and eco-friendly coffee beans. It discusses how organic gardening technologies can increase plant yields by 400% and provides catalogs and manuals about topics such as city farming, backyard farming, rain gardens, and aquaponics systems. The links provide free information for organic and sustainable living practices.
Ruth Jones, a Christian teacher without a master's degree or administrative experience, was unexpectedly named principal of a struggling inner city elementary school in Grand Rapids, Michigan that was on the verge of closure due to poor academic performance. Through prayer, addressing students' practical needs, and recruiting volunteers, Jones led a dramatic turnaround of the school over 20 years. Test scores and graduation rates increased sharply, and the school now has a waiting list despite originally facing closure. Jones attributes the school's success to aligning herself with God.
- Coconut oil may help slow or prevent Alzheimer's disease in some people by providing an alternative fuel for brain cells in the form of ketones. Dr. Mary Newport put her husband Steve, who had Alzheimer's, on a diet supplemented with coconut oil, which led to improvements in his symptoms and cognitive abilities.
- Researchers have developed a ketone ester that is more potent than coconut oil, but it is very expensive to produce. Coconut oil remains a viable alternative source of ketones. Taking coconut oil may also help with other neurological diseases due to its ability to increase ketone levels and good cholesterol while reducing bad bacteria.
A teacher in Baltimore transformed the lives of students from the slums. In the 1920s, college students evaluated 200 boys from the slums and said they had no chance of success. Twenty-five years later, it was found that 176 of the 180 boys who could be located had achieved success as lawyers, doctors, and businessmen. The professor interviewed each man and they all credited their success to a teacher who had loved and believed in them. When interviewed, the elderly teacher said her simple method was that she loved those boys.
Robert Raikes witnessed the poor conditions of children in Gloucester, England in the late 18th century due to the Industrial Revolution. This inspired him to create the first Sunday school to educate and reform street children. The Sunday school used the Bible as its textbook and proved hugely successful in improving behavior and civic responsibility. Raikes' idea then spread across Britain and to other parts of Europe and America, revolutionizing religious education of children and community outreach efforts of churches. Late in life, Raikes had a profound spiritual experience witnessing a young girl reading the Bible that gave him a new understanding of faith.
The document discusses using Groasis Waterboxx devices to help plant and grow trees in dry environments like the Sahara Desert. It describes how the author and a colleague tried using 10 Waterboxx devices to plant trees in M'hamid, Morocco but their luggage containing the devices was initially lost. They were eventually found and the devices were used to plant tamarisk trees to compare growth with traditional planting methods. The document provides details on how the Waterboxx works, collecting condensation and directing water to tree roots, and hopes the experiment will help increase tree survival rates in the dry climate.
The document discusses the Groasis Technology, a planting method that uses a Waterboxx and other techniques to plant trees in dry areas with 90% less water. It summarizes that the technology (1) improves soil, maps planting areas, harvests rainfall, and uses the right planting techniques to help trees grow deep roots in the first year to survive independently. It also describes how the technology terraces slopes to harvest and direct rainfall to trees, uses 3D imaging to map ideal planting lines, and a capillary drill to quickly plant thousands of trees per day.
The document describes the Agua, Vida y Naturaleza Project (AVNP) that started in Ecuador in 2012. It is funded by the Dutch COmON Foundation to help small farmers in dry areas by introducing the Groasis Technology, which allows planting in deserts and eroded lands. The technology mimics nature by improving soil, maintaining capillary structures, and using a waterboxx device. The project aims to address issues small farmers face like lack of water, capital, and farming knowledge, in order to help alleviate world hunger and prevent farmers from migrating to cities due to lack of income from farming dry areas.
The document provides planting instructions for using a Waterboxx planting device. It outlines 6 main steps:
1. Preparing the soil by digging holes and adding compost/fertilizer or just watering.
2. Assembling the Waterboxx by placing the wick, mid-plate, lid, and siphons.
3. Preparing plants by pruning roots to encourage deep growth.
4. Planting in holes aligned east-west within the Waterboxx hole.
5. Placing the assembled Waterboxx over the planted area.
6. Watering the plants and filling the Waterboxx for the first time.
This document provides instructions for growing vegetables using the Groasis Waterboxx system. It details recommendations for greenhouse design, soil preparation, planting methods, plant spacing, watering schedules, and pest and disease management. Proper installation and maintenance of the Waterboxx system is emphasized to ensure healthy plant growth and high crop yields. Close monitoring of climate conditions and plant needs is also advised.
The document is a report on the Groasis waterboxx, a device that aims to allow farming without irrigation. It provides an overview of the waterboxx's history and development, describes its components and how it works, reviews testing that has been done, and evaluates its suitability for organic farming. In the conclusion, the report recommends that the cooperative discussed in the document not use the waterboxx yet, as more data is still needed, but could consider conducting their own tests with support from their technical services.
The document summarizes an invention called the Groasis that helps plants survive in arid climates by collecting and storing rainfall to provide steady watering to seedlings. It notes that most rainfall in deserts occurs within one week but is then unavailable, and that the Groasis uses evaporation-proof containers and wicking to deliver water to young plants over longer periods, allowing their roots to develop and access deeper groundwater reserves. Large-scale projects have used the Groasis in countries like Kenya to aid reforestation efforts and combat desertification.
The document summarizes the work of the Sahara Roots Foundation in Morocco and their use of the Groasis Waterboxx to help plant trees and reduce desertification. The Sahara Roots Foundation was established to implement development projects to conserve the Moroccan Sahara through activities like tree planting, irrigation, education, and desert cleaning. They have started using the Groasis Waterboxx, an "intelligent water battery" developed by AquaPro, to improve the survival rate of newly planted trees. The Waterboxx produces and captures water through condensation and rain, allowing trees to be planted in dry areas like rocks and deserts with a 100% success rate.
The document describes the Agua, Vida y Naturaleza Project (AVNP) that started in Ecuador in 2012. It is funded by the Dutch COmON Foundation to help small farmers in dry areas by introducing the Groasis Technology, which allows planting in deserts and eroded lands. The technology mimics nature by improving soil, maintaining capillary structures, and using a waterboxx device. The project aims to address issues small farmers face like lack of water, capital, and farming knowledge, in order to help alleviate world hunger and prevent farmers from migrating to cities.
Groasis Technology is compared to drip irrigation over a 50-year project for a 500-hectare tree plantation. Key financial indicators show that using Groasis Waterboxes results in a higher net present value (NPV) of €26.62 million compared to €21.15 million for drip irrigation, and a slightly higher internal rate of return (IRR) of 22.1% versus 23.4% for drip irrigation. Waterboxx also has a longer payback period of 7 years compared to 5 years for drip irrigation. The document provides assumptions and calculations for costs and revenues for both systems over the 50-year period.
A new technology called the Groasis Waterboxx shows promise for reclaiming desert landscapes and increasing plant survival rates. The simple device regulates temperature and moisture levels around young plants, allowing trees and crops to grow with little watering even in dry conditions. Initial trials in Africa found tree survival rates increased to 88% with the Waterboxx compared to only 10% without it. Researchers in Kenya are optimistic this technology could significantly reduce desertification and help transform the country's deserts into productive, economic areas through increased vegetation.
The document summarizes an experiment using Groasis Waterboxx devices to establish tree seedlings at nine bus stops in North Central Austin. It provides updates on the condition of the trees over time, noting that as of late August all trees remained alive with varying health. Challenges included heat waves, lack of rain, and competition between trees and grass. The Waterboxx devices appeared to successfully provide water through condensation.
More from School Vegetable Gardening - Victory Gardens (20)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
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An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
1. Beyond Pesticides
701 E Street SE, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20005
202-543-5450 202-543-4791 (fax) info@beyondpesticides.org www.beyondpesticides.org
LeastLeastLeastLeast----toxic Control of Termitestoxic Control of Termitestoxic Control of Termitestoxic Control of Termites
Dampwood Drywood Subterranean
Hometowns Pacific coast, from Baja
CA north to British
Colombia, and in parts
of ID, MT, western NV
and western OR, most
often along the coast,
and the cold, dry, high
elevations of the Sierra
Nevada, Coast Range,
Cascade and Rocky
Mtns
From NC, across the
southern border of the
U.S., along the CA Coast
as far north as the San
Francisco Bay area, and
in HI
Found throughout the
United States
Personal
Statistics
ReproductivesReproductivesReproductivesReproductives
Can exceed one inch in
length, including wings;
Cream to dark brown
WorkersWorkersWorkersWorkers
About inch long;
White to cream.
SoldiersSoldiersSoldiersSoldiers
About inch long;
Head and jaws make a
third of their length;
Large, reddish brown to
blackish head; Cream
body
ReproductivesReproductivesReproductivesReproductives
About inch long; Fully
developed wings;
Usually dark brown
WorkersWorkersWorkersWorkers
Less than inch long.
Wingless; White.
SoldiersSoldiersSoldiersSoldiers
About 5/16 inch long;
Massive brown head;
Large mandibles; Light
colored bodies
ReproductivesReproductivesReproductivesReproductives
About 3/8 inch long,
including wings; Long,
light grey, translucent
wings; Dark brown to
black cylindrical bodies
WorkersWorkersWorkersWorkers
Up to inch long; White
to grey.
SoldiersSoldiersSoldiersSoldiers
About inch long;
Enlarged, cream head;
Large mandibles;
Greyish-white body
Fecal
Facts
Pellets are about 1 mm
(1/25 inch) long; Slightly
hexagonal; Expelled in
sawdust-like piles from
exits in galleries.
Tiny, hard, straw-
colored pellets; Six
distinct concave surfaces
No fecal pellets
Housing
Preferences
Damp, decaying wood Dry sites Ground dwelling in
moist sites
Bad
Habits
Thrive in high-moisture
wood; Soil-wood contact
often leads to
infestation; Activities
can expand into sound
wood and relatively dry
wood; Tend to work
from the foundation to
the roof rafters.
Live entirely in wood.
Begin new colonies in
pre-existing openings in
wood; Excavate small
nesting area or gallery
and plug the hole for
protection from
predators.
Colony is located in the
ground; Forage for food
in aboveground wood;
Travel from under-
ground tunnels to food
sources in mud tubes;
Prefer moist wood and
cork; Most active in
summer; Winged
reproductives fly off to
create new colonies in
late spring.
Olkowski, Helga, Daar, Shiela, and Olkowski, William, Common-Sense Pest Control, Newtown: The Taunton Press, Inc.,
1991.
2. Beyond Pesticides
701 E Street SE, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20005
202-543-5450 202-543-4791 (fax) info@beyondpesticides.org www.beyondpesticides.org
PreventionPreventionPreventionPrevention
PrePrePrePre----constructionconstructionconstructionconstruction
Site PreparationSite PreparationSite PreparationSite Preparation
Remove all tree roots and stumps from the building site before starting
construction.
Remove grade stakes, form boards and wood scraps from soil before
filling and backfilling.
Do not bury wood in the backfill, under porches, steps or patios.
FoundationFoundationFoundationFoundation
Slab-on-ground foundations are most susceptible to termite attack.
Termites can enter wood by going over the edge of the slab, through
expansion joints, openings around plumbing and cracks in the slab.
Monolithic type slab is the best, followed by a supported slab, and then
floating types.
A poured, reinforced, crack-free concrete foundation hinders the passage
of termites. Termites can go through a crack as small as 1/32 inch.
Hollow-block or brick foundations should be capped with a minimum of 4
inches of concrete.
Make certain there are 12 inches of clean concrete foundation between soil
surface and structural wood.
Sand grain barriers are effective. When grains are 1.6 to 2.5 mm, they are
too heavy for termites to move out of the way, and the spaces separating
the grains are too small to fit between. A 4” layer of sand is required
under a concrete floor slab. With crawl spaces, there should be a 4-inch
layer of sand around the interior of the foundation wall and around any
piers. All possible paths between the soil and the wood framing must
have a sand barrier.
Termimesh™, a finely woven, stainless steel mesh designed as a barrier
for under and around foundations, prevents termites from entering a
building. Pest Control magazine (February 1999) reported that after five
years of testing, stainless steel mesh remained 100 percent successful as a
barrier to subterranean termites.
Steel termite shields prevent termites from entering through the interior
cracks of masonry walls or foundation blocks. A good metal shield placed
3. Beyond Pesticides
701 E Street SE, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20005
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on top of foundation and piers may prevent mud tubes from reaching the
wood above them, but will more likely cause termites to build around the
shield, making their mud tubes easily detected and destroyed.
VentilationVentilationVentilationVentilation
Create ventilated spaces between the ground and any wood structure.
Cover earthen crawl space floors with a vapor barrier – sheets of
polyethylene (available at any home supply store) that cover all exposed
areas, keeping moisture and dampness at the ground level instead of
infiltrating the crawl space. The plastic is usually covered with sand or
fine gravel to protect it from punctures when it is walked upon. It should
be sealed around the perimeter to the foundation wall, and at any seams,
with long-lasting caulking or mastic.
If you vent your crawl space, be sure it has two, if not four, ventilation
openings within 10 feet of the corners to provide for cross-ventilation.
Vents should be opened in the winter and closed in the summer to
prevent moisture problems.
BuildingBuildingBuildingBuilding
Build with termite-resistant materials, such as concrete and steel.
Unfinished wood can be protected from termite attack by treatment with
boric acid (Bora-Care®, Jecta®). Applied as a water solution by dipping or
spraying the wood, it will penetrate deep into the wood, and act as an
alternative to the afore mentioned barriers.
Do not place basement partitions, posts, or stair stringers until the
concrete floor has been poured.
No wood should ever extend into or through concrete.
Avoid using styrofoam insulation in the soil adjacent to foundation and
basement.
Soil GradingSoil GradingSoil GradingSoil Grading
The finished grade outside the building should slope away from the
foundation for good water drainage. In the final grading, allow a
minimum of 4--6 inches of clearance between the top of the ground and
the bottom edge of the veneer.
4. Beyond Pesticides
701 E Street SE, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20005
202-543-5450 202-543-4791 (fax) info@beyondpesticides.org www.beyondpesticides.org
PostPostPostPost----constructionconstructionconstructionconstruction
Fill cracks or voids in concrete or masonry with expanding grout or high-
grade caulk, and also caulk around sinks and bathtubs.
Install fan-powered kitchen and bathroom vents to control moisture.
Eliminate dampness - remove or fix sources of water, such as leaky pipes and
plumbing, leaky irrigation systems, and improper guttering and siding, and
repair leaky roofs.
Replace rotten or damaged wood using naturally insect resistant wood.
Cover exposed wood with paint or sealant.
Screen windows, doors and vents with 20-grade mesh screen.
BothBothBothBoth
Ensure good drainage away from the house – point downspouts or gutters
away from the structure, into storm sewers or a drainage well.
Eliminate all earth-to-wood contact, including mulch, scrap wood, lumber,
fence posts, trellises, shrubbery, tree branches or stumps, and firewood that
come in contact with the house.
Trim or eliminate shrubbery that blocks airflow through foundation vents.
Move any soil or compost piled up next to the house at least 10 feet away
from the structure.
Keep planter boxes built on the ground at least four inches from the house.
MonitoringMonitoringMonitoringMonitoring
DampwoodDampwoodDampwoodDampwood
Dampwood termites hide themselves to prevent moisture loss, and are hard to
spot. The most obvious sign of termite activity is swarms coming from the
building, usually on warm evenings in late summer or fall, especially after rain.
Look around and under the structure for damp or damaged wood with holes
or tunnels in it and wood that sounds hollow or soft when tapped.
Use a screwdriver or pick to pry into suspicious areas and open up holes.
Look for piles of sawdust and dead insects and any conditions that may be
promoting moisture or wood decay.
5. Beyond Pesticides
701 E Street SE, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20005
202-543-5450 202-543-4791 (fax) info@beyondpesticides.org www.beyondpesticides.org
DrywoodDrywoodDrywoodDrywood
Drywood termites can be difficult to detect, as they live almost entirely inside
wood.
Look for discarded wings left behind after swarming, fecal pellets, and
blistered, hollow-sounding wood.
They are distinguishable from ants because ants have elbowed antennae, a
narrow “waist” and a dark spot on their wings.
SubterraneanSubterraneanSubterraneanSubterranean
Look for piles or droppings of sawdust, dead or alive termites, swarms
(usually in the spring, beginning in mid-March and through May, after a rain
has softened the ground), discarded wings, mud tubes or mounds, and wood
damage.
Use screwdriver or pick to detect damaged wood.
Regularly inspected solid wood or corked hollow stakes in turf can alert you
to activity that may require attention.
AllAllAllAll
Specially trained dogs can sniff and listen for termite infestations, even in
hard to reach areas.
Fiber-optic scopes can provide views or hard to inspect areas, such as behind
drywall and paneling.
ControlControlControlControl
Dampwood and DrywoodDampwood and DrywoodDampwood and DrywoodDampwood and Drywood
RemovalRemovalRemovalRemoval of the infested wood or furnitureof the infested wood or furnitureof the infested wood or furnitureof the infested wood or furniture is the quickest and easiest way to
handle a localized infestation. Small pieces of wood containing live termites
can be soaked in soapy water to kill the insects. Larger pieces can be taken to
a landfill or natural area where the decomposing abilities of the termites are
helpful.
DrywoodDrywoodDrywoodDrywood
CoCoCoCold treatmentld treatmentld treatmentld treatment is a temperature-altering system that utilizes liquid nitrogen
to eliminate drywood termites. It is reported to have a 95-99 percent
elimination rate and is a good method for inaccessible areas (Journal Econ.
Entomol., 89(4): 922-934). Small holes are drilled into the walls and liquid
nitrogen is injected into the infested area, lowering the temperature enough to
6. Beyond Pesticides
701 E Street SE, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20005
202-543-5450 202-543-4791 (fax) info@beyondpesticides.org www.beyondpesticides.org
kill the termite colonies. Small items infested with drywood termites can be
placed in a freezer or outside for several days during cold weather.
The Electrogun™Electrogun™Electrogun™Electrogun™ is a device that kills drywood termites using a high
frequency, high voltage and low amperage electrical current. It should not be
used if infestations are widespread, and is not effective next to metal,
concrete, or ground because the current is diverted from the termites. It kills
approximately 95 percent of the termites when used properly.
MicrowavesMicrowavesMicrowavesMicrowaves are effective as a spot treatment or localized infestations. An
unshielded microwave device is used to raise the infested area’s temperature
to 190°, killing the termites. Your microwave oven will not be effective for
small, infested items.
Desiccating dustsDesiccating dustsDesiccating dustsDesiccating dusts, such as diatomaceous earth and silica aerogel can be used
during new construction or in existing buildings to prevent drywood termite
infestations. Choose a desiccating dust that it is not combined with a
pyrethrin. Diatomaceous earth must be garden/food grade, as swimming
pool grade is associated with lung disease and ineffective at controlling
insects. Desiccating dusts abrade the outer shell of the termites, causing them
to dry out and die. They are also inorganic and not subject to decomposition,
and should protect wood against termites for the life of the building. Avoid
breathing in desiccating dusts, as they can cause lung irritation, and always
wear a mask and goggles when applying.
SubterraneanSubterraneanSubterraneanSubterranean
Dig out the colony and break open the mud tubesDig out the colony and break open the mud tubesDig out the colony and break open the mud tubesDig out the colony and break open the mud tubes. Openings will allow
natural predators of the termites, especially ants, to invade the colony and kill
them. Ants compete with termites and may kill them and limit their foraging.
Baiting SystemsBaiting SystemsBaiting SystemsBaiting Systems are the newest innovation in subterranean termite control.
They control termites in and around a structure using carefully placed bait
stations, which contain a toxicant that is brought back to the colony by the
foraging termites. Baits greatly limit the amount of a pesticide used as
opposed to the traditional liquid termiticide soil barrier method of control,
and decrease chances of exposure to the chemical because the baits are well
contained. They are, however, still poisons and should be used with utmost
care and only as a last resort.
Stations are installed below the ground in the yard, positioned within the
structure in the vicinity of active termite mud tubes or feeding sites, or above
ground in known areas of termite activity, typically in the direct path of
active termite tunnels after the mud tubes have been broken.
7. Beyond Pesticides
701 E Street SE, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20005
202-543-5450 202-543-4791 (fax) info@beyondpesticides.org www.beyondpesticides.org
Baits consist of cardboard, paper or other acceptable termite food that will
compete with the surrounding tree roots, stumps, wood piles and structural
wood. The toxicant must be slow acting to enhance the transmission of the
poison to other termites, including those not feeding on the bait, and to avoid
the build up of dead or sick termites in the vicinity of the bait station, which
would cause other termites to avoid the area.
The least-toxic bait station is Termitrol™, containing boric acid. More toxic
baits include Firstline™ (sulfluramid), Terminate™ (sulfluramid), Sentricon™
(hexaflumuron), Exterra™ (diflubenzuron), and Subterfuge™
(hydramethylnon).
AllAllAllAll
The termiticide BioBioBioBio----Blast™Blast™Blast™Blast™ contains Metarhizium anisoplae, a common soil-
borne fungus, as the active ingredient. The spores from the fungus penetrate
and begin to grow inside the termite within 4 to 14 days. Bio-Blast™ powder
is mixed with water and injected into active termite galleries.
Nematodes,Nematodes,Nematodes,Nematodes, mixed in a water solution and injected into the wood or soil near
termite colonies, seek out the termites and destroy them. They will live up to
two years. Applicators have reported effectiveness ranging from 50 to 95
percent.
Heat treatmentHeat treatmentHeat treatmentHeat treatment consists of covering the structure and raising the temperature
above the temperature at which most termites cannot survive. Heat will only
be effective for subterranean termites if they are above ground. The process
consists of tenting the structure and setting up propane burners that blow hot
air through ducts to the infected area inside. When the core of the wood
reaches 130° for 35 minutes, most termites are killed. A Berkeley study found
that 90-99 percent of termites were killed by heat treatment (Journal Econ.
Entomol., 89(4): 922-934).
Boric AcidBoric AcidBoric AcidBoric Acid is an effective, least-toxic termiticide. It acts as an effective bait at
concentrations of 0.15 percent, an antifeedant at concentrations greater than
0.25 percent, and kills by direct contact with concentrations greater than 0.5
percent.
Structural lumber used in new house construction and treated with boric acid
is termite resistant; older houses may be made more termite resistant with
remedial treatment with borate sprays or by injection into wood already in
place. Termites in their galleries are killed when they come in contact with
injected borates, and then groom themselves, ingesting the poison. Boric acid
kills by inhibiting digestive enzymes and causing termites to starve to death.
8. Beyond Pesticides
701 E Street SE, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20005
202-543-5450 202-543-4791 (fax) info@beyondpesticides.org www.beyondpesticides.org
Bora-Care® and Jecta® are effective products for pre-and post-construction
treatments to prevent and control termite infestations; Tim-bor® is an effect
post-construction treatment.
ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences
Beyond Pesticides/NCAMP. “Least Toxic Control of Pests In the Home & Garden: A series of
pest control & chemical factsheets.” Washington, DC.
Cox, Caroline. 1997. “Subterranean Termites, Part 1.” Journal of Pesticide Reform. 21(4): 12-13.
NCAP, Eugene, OR.
Kemple, Megan. 2001. “Dampwood Termite Solutions.” Journal of Pesticide Reform. 17(1): 22-23.
NCAP, Eugene, OR.
Lind, Polyanna. 1997. “Drywood Termites.” Journal of Pesticide Reform. 17(4): 22-23. NCAP,
Eugene, OR.
Olkowski, Helga, Daar, Shiela, and Olkowski, William, Common-Sense Pest Control, Newtown:
The Taunton Press, Inc., 1991.
Quarles, W. 1992. “Borates Provide Least-Toxic Wood Protection.” The IPM Practioner. 14(10):1-
11. Bio-Integral Research Center, Berkeley, CA.