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![Predicates
XQuery
Tutorial
Vyacheslav
Zholudev
Introduction
XQuery Type doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)//notation [3]
System
Basics doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)//notation[ position () <4]
Tricks doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)//notation[@cd=’sets−operations’]
Pitfalls
doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)//notation[prototype]
XQuery in
TNTBase doc (...)// notation [prototype/om:OMS/@name="eset"]
Conclusion
Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 11](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xquery-100917071809-phpapp01/85/Xquery-11-320.jpg)
![FOR loop
XQuery
Tutorial Syntax:
Vyacheslav
Zholudev for $var in $sequence
where <condition>
Introduction return <result>
XQuery Type
System
Examples:
Basics
Tricks for $notation in doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)//notation
2 where $notation//∗[@name="eset"]
Pitfalls
return $notation/rendering
XQuery in
TNTBase
Conclusion let $numbers := (2, 23, 1, 32, 8, 13, −1)
2 return
for $num in $numbers
where $num > 5
order by $num
return −($num + 100)
Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 14](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xquery-100917071809-phpapp01/85/Xquery-14-320.jpg)
![Default namespace
XQuery
Tutorial
Vyacheslav
Zholudev
Introduction
We can define default namespace:
XQuery Type
System declare default element namespace "http://omdoc.org/ns"
Basics How to address nodes in no namespace?
Tricks
declare default element namespace "http://omdoc.org/ns";
Pitfalls declare namespace no−ns = "";
XQuery in
TNTBase tnt:doc ( ’ /sets−operations.omdoc’)/omdoc/theory[1]/no−ns:extra−element
Conclusion
Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 26](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xquery-100917071809-phpapp01/85/Xquery-26-320.jpg)
![Pitfalls
XQuery
Tutorial
Vyacheslav
Zholudev
$seq1 != $seq2, but meant: not($seq1 == $seq2)
Introduction
XQuery Type foo[bar is null ] instead of foo[empty(bar)]
System
Basics
// foo[bar < 5 and bar > 1] vs. // foo[bar [. < 5 and . > 1]]
Tricks In IF clause you always need ELSE
Pitfalls
There are no reserved words “true” and “false”. Use
XQuery in
TNTBase built-in functions fn:true() and fn:false().
Conclusion One can’t return <foo/> <bar/>.
Should return a sequence: (<foo/>, <bar/>)
Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 29](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xquery-100917071809-phpapp01/85/Xquery-29-320.jpg)
Uploaded byVyacheslav Zholudev
Xquery
The document is an XQuery tutorial by Vyacheslav Zholudev that introduces the basics of XQuery including its type system, sequences, and using XPath expressions and FLOWR expressions to query XML documents. It provides examples of getting documents with doc(), selecting nodes with XPath, using predicates, LET clauses, FOR loops, and wrapping query results.
![reductio [ad absurdum]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/taualywhssudecboubib-signature-40f4714a7511dbefb3f8b81978ee26a52b8bc17a56b46da771a1d673a5b4d7df-poli-170804175449-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Xquery
- 1. XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Tutorial XQuery Type System Basics Tricks Vyacheslav Zholudev Pitfalls XQuery in Jacobs University Bremen TNTBase KWARC – Knowledge Adaptation and Reasoning for Content Conclusion September 17, 2010 Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 1
- 2. What is XQuery? XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Type XQuery is an XML-database query language System Basics Like SQL for Relational databases Tricks Not only for XML files Pitfalls W3C Recommendation XQuery in TNTBase Side-effect free Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 2
- 3. For those whoknow XSLT XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery and XSLT both: XQuery Type System Take XML as their input and produce XML as their Basics output Tricks Have the same data model and type system Pitfalls Are declarative and meant to be free from side effects XQuery in TNTBase Share XPath, having the same library of built-in Conclusion functions Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 3
- 4. Basic Rules XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery is case-sensitive Introduction XQuery Type XQuery elements, attributes, and variables must be System valid XML names Basics An XQuery string value can be in single or double Tricks quotes (’foo’ or “foo”) Pitfalls XQuery in An XQuery variable is defined with a $ followed by a TNTBase name, e.g. $theory Conclusion XQuery comments are delimited by (: and :), e.g. ( : This XQuery generates an omdoc document. :) Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 4
- 5. XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Type System Basics Tricks Pitfalls Type System XQuery in TNTBase Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 5
- 6. XQuery types XQuery Tutorial Taken from XML Schema Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Type System Basics Tricks Pitfalls XQuery in TNTBase Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 6
- 7. Sequences in XQuery XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction Ordered list of objects XQuery Type System List of sequences is one sequence Basics One element is a one-element sequence Tricks Pitfalls Examples: XQuery in (“a”, “b”, “c”) TNTBase Conclusion ((“a”, “b”), “c”) ((“a”, “b”), (“c”, ())) Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 7
- 8. XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Type System Basics Tricks Pitfalls XQuery in “5 minutes” XQuery in TNTBase Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 8
- 9. Basics XQuery Tutorial Getting a document using doc() function: Vyacheslav doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’) Zholudev <omdoc xmlns="http://omdoc.org/ns"> Introduction <theory xml:id="sets−operations" about="#sets−operations"> XQuery Type <imports from=" ../../ missing/en/highschool#highschool" xml:id="sets−operations. System <imports from="./sets−introduction#sets−introduction" xml:id="sets−operations.p2 Basics <imports from="./mathtalk−definitions#mathtalk−definitions" xml:id="sets−operati Tricks <symbol name="eset" xml:id="eset.sym" about="#eset.sym"/> <notation cd="sets−operations" name="eset"> Pitfalls <prototype> XQuery in <om:OMS cd="sets−operations" name="eset"/> TNTBase </prototype> Conclusion <rendering> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">∅</m:mi> </rendering> </notation> .... </omdoc> Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 9
- 10. XPath Expressions XQuery Tutorial Selecting nodes using XPath: Vyacheslav doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)/omdoc/theory/notation Zholudev OR Introduction doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)/omdoc//notation XQuery Type <notation xmlns="http: // omdoc.org/ns" cd="sets−operations" name="eset"> System <prototype> Basics <om:OMS cd="sets−operations" name="eset"/> Tricks </prototype> Pitfalls <rendering> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">X</m:mi> XQuery in TNTBase </rendering> </notation> Conclusion <notation cd="sets−operations" name="powerset"> <prototype> <om:OMS cd="sets−operations" name="powerset"/> </prototype> ... </notation> ... <!−− More results −−> Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 10
- 11. Predicates XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Type doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)//notation [3] System Basics doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)//notation[ position () <4] Tricks doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)//notation[@cd=’sets−operations’] Pitfalls doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)//notation[prototype] XQuery in TNTBase doc (...)// notation [prototype/om:OMS/@name="eset"] Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 11
- 12. FLOWR Expressions XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction FOR XQuery Type System LET Basics Tricks WHERE Pitfalls ORDER BY XQuery in TNTBase RETURN Conclusion Note: there is no GROUP BY in XQuery Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 12
- 13. LET XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Variables are prefixed with $ Zholudev Query: Introduction let $a := 3 XQuery Type System let $b := 4 return Basics $a + $b Tricks Pitfalls Result: 7 XQuery in TNTBase Query: Conclusion 1 let $x := (<foo><bar/><bla/></foo>, <foo><baz/></foo>) return $x/∗ ( : all children elements :) Result: (<bar/>, <bla/>, <baz/>) Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 13
- 14. FOR loop XQuery Tutorial Syntax: Vyacheslav Zholudev for $var in $sequence where <condition> Introduction return <result> XQuery Type System Examples: Basics Tricks for $notation in doc(’ http: // tntbase.org/sets.omdoc’)//notation 2 where $notation//∗[@name="eset"] Pitfalls return $notation/rendering XQuery in TNTBase Conclusion let $numbers := (2, 23, 1, 32, 8, 13, −1) 2 return for $num in $numbers where $num > 5 order by $num return −($num + 100) Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 14
- 15. Wrapping results XQuery Tutorial let $ntns := tnt:doc ( ’ / slides /dmath/en/sets−operations.omdoc’)//notation return Vyacheslav Zholudev <notations> 4 <amount>{count($ntns)}</amount> Introduction <renderings> { XQuery Type System for $ntn in $ntns return <my−rend>{$ntn/rendering}</my−rend> Basics 9 } Tricks </renderings> Pitfalls </notations> XQuery in TNTBase Result: Conclusion <notations> <amount>38</amount> <renderings> 4 <my−rend><rendering"><m:mi mathvariant="normal">X</m:mi></rendering> </my−rend> .... <!−− more results −−> </renderings> </notations> Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 15
- 16. IF Expression XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Note: "else" clause is mandatory Introduction Syntax: XQuery Type System if <condition> then $seq1 else $seq2 Basics Tricks Example: Pitfalls for $i in (1, " str " , 3, <foo/>) return XQuery in if ($ i instance of element()) then "element" TNTBase else if ($ i instance of xs:string ) then " string " Conclusion 4 else "other" Result: ( "other" , " string " , "other" , "element") Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 16
- 17. Comparisons XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction General comparisons: =, !=, <, <=, >, >= XQuery Type System Value comparisons: eq, ne, lt, le, gt, ge Basics Tricks Value comparisons operate only on single elements Pitfalls (otherwise, error) XQuery in TNTBase (1, 2, 4) = (10, 2, 8) returns true Conclusion (1, 2, 4) eq (10, 2, 8) throws an error Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 17
- 18. Axes XQuery Tutorial Forward Axes: Vyacheslav child (/*) Zholudev descendant (//*) Introduction attribute (/@*) XQuery Type System self (/.) Basics descendant-or-self Tricks following-sibling Pitfalls XQuery in following TNTBase Reverse Axes Conclusion parent (/..) ancestor preceding-sibling preceding ancestor-or-self Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 18
- 19. Functions XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction Built-in Functions + User-defined functions XQuery Type System Built-in functions examples: Basics fn:count($seq) as xs:double Tricks fn:empty($seq) as xs:boolean Pitfalls XQuery in fn:uppercase($str as xs:string ) as xs:string TNTBase fn:substring ($ str , $pos) as xs:string Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 19
- 20. User-defined functions XQuery Tutorial declare function prefix:function_name($parameter AS datatype) Vyacheslav AS returnDatatype Zholudev { ... function code here... Introduction 5 } XQuery Type System Example: Basics declare namespace omdoc = "http://omdoc.org"; Tricks ( : This function returns amounts of notations in OMDoc documents :) Pitfalls declare function omdoc:notations−amount($docs as document−node()∗) XQuery in as xs:double∗ TNTBase 5 { Conclusion for $d in $docs return count($d//notation) } Invocation: omdoc:notations−amount((doc("/doc1.omdoc"), doc("doc2.omdoc"))) Note: Types are optional, but highly recommended Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 20
- 21. XQuery modules XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction An XQuery module is a set of user-defined functions XQuery Type System Every function should be in the module namespace Basics Tricks Module declaration: module namespace tnt="http://tntbase.org/ns"; Pitfalls Modules can’t contain expressions XQuery in TNTBase Modules can import other modules, the latter will not be Conclusion visible for those who import the former module Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 21
- 22. Importing a module XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Syntax: Zholudev import module namespace <prefix>= "<ns_uri>"(at "<hint_for_a_processor";) Introduction Example: XQuery Type System import module namespace omdoc="http://omdoc.org/ns" at tntbase: /modules/omdoc−module.xq; Basics let $doc−names := (..., ..., ...) Tricks for $doc in $doc−names return Pitfalls 5 omdoc:get−notations($doc) XQuery in TNTBase The influence of the “at” keyword is Conclusion implementation-dependent Note: Having multiple modules with the same namespace is a bad practice and have non-deterministic behaviour Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 22
- 23. XQuery Prolog XQuery Tutorial is a series of declarations and imports that define the Vyacheslav Zholudev processing environment (separated by a semicolon) Useful examples: Introduction XQuery Type Module imports (described before) System Basics Namespace declarations: Tricks declare namespace tnt="http://tntbase.org/ns"; Pitfalls declare default element namespace "http://omdoc.org/ns" XQuery in TNTBase Variable declarations: Conclusion declare variable $NUM := 10; Function declarations (described before) declare function local:test () as xs:string external ; Module declaration (described before) Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 23
- 24. XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Type System Basics Tricks Pitfalls XQuery Tricks XQuery in TNTBase Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 24
- 25. Eliminating FOR XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev declare function omdoc:notations−amount($docs as document−node()∗) Introduction as xs:double XQuery Type { System for $d in $docs return count($d//notation) Basics 5 } Tricks Pitfalls declare function omdoc:notations−amount($docs as document−node()∗) XQuery in as xs:double TNTBase { Conclusion $docs/count(.// notation) 5 } Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 25
- 26. Default namespace XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction We can define default namespace: XQuery Type System declare default element namespace "http://omdoc.org/ns" Basics How to address nodes in no namespace? Tricks declare default element namespace "http://omdoc.org/ns"; Pitfalls declare namespace no−ns = ""; XQuery in TNTBase tnt:doc ( ’ /sets−operations.omdoc’)/omdoc/theory[1]/no−ns:extra−element Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 26
- 27. Preserving XML-formatting XQuery Tutorial Query: Vyacheslav 1 <foo> Zholudev <bar/> </foo> Introduction XQuery Type Result by default: System Basics <foo><bar/></foo> Tricks New query: Pitfalls declare boundary−space preserve; XQuery in TNTBase <foo> <bar/> Conclusion 4 </foo> Result: 1 <foo> <bar/> </foo> Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 27
- 28. XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Type System Basics Tricks Pitfalls Typical Pitfalls XQuery in TNTBase Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 28
- 29. Pitfalls XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev $seq1 != $seq2, but meant: not($seq1 == $seq2) Introduction XQuery Type foo[bar is null ] instead of foo[empty(bar)] System Basics // foo[bar < 5 and bar > 1] vs. // foo[bar [. < 5 and . > 1]] Tricks In IF clause you always need ELSE Pitfalls There are no reserved words “true” and “false”. Use XQuery in TNTBase built-in functions fn:true() and fn:false(). Conclusion One can’t return <foo/> <bar/>. Should return a sequence: (<foo/>, <bar/>) Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 29
- 30. Document collections XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Type Document from HEAD: System tnt:doc ( ’ / slides /dmath/en/sets−operations.omdoc’) Basics Tricks Collection from HEAD: Pitfalls tnt:collection ( ’ / slides // en/∗sets∗.omdoc’) XQuery in Document from previous revisions: TNTBase tnt:doc ( ’ / slides /dmath/en/sets−operations.omdoc’, 1397) Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 30
- 31. Repository information XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction The last revision number: XQuery Type tnt:last −revnum() as xs:integer System Basics Revisions in which the file has been changed: Tricks tnt:file −revs($path as xs:string) as xs:integer∗ Pitfalls Get a document in the uncommitted revision: XQuery in tnt:txn −doc($path as xs:string, $svntxn as xs:string ) as document−node()? TNTBase Conclusion Get a file path to which an element belongs: tnt:get −doc−paths($docs as node()∗) as xs:string∗ Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 31
- 32. VDoc functions XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Test a VDoc Spec: tnt:vd −skel($path as xs:string) Introduction XQuery Type Get an underlying VDoc Spec path of the VDoc: System tnt:skel −path($path as xs:string) as xs:string ? Basics Tricks Get a VDoc: Pitfalls tnt:vdoc($path as xs:string ) as item() XQuery in Insert a parameter for the VDoc: TNTBase tnt:ins −vd−param($path as xs:string, $par as xs:string, $vals as xs:string +) Conclusion Delete a parameter of the VDoc: tnt:delete −vd−param($path as xs:string, $name as xs:string) ... some others Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 32
- 33. Dynamic evaluation XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Type System Query: Basics tnt:execute($xquery as xs:string ) Tricks Pitfalls Example: XQuery in count(tnt:execute( " tnt:collection (//∗. omdoc)")) TNTBase Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 33
- 34. Some other functions XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Commit documents (dangerous): Zholudev tnt:commit($paths as xs:string ∗, $docs as element()∗, Introduction $msg as xs:string, $revnum as xs:integer) as xs:string XQuery Type System Basics XML-diff: Tricks tnt:xml −diff($ differ −name as xs:string, $l as element(), $r as element()) Pitfalls Get an auxiliary document produced by a plugin: XQuery in TNTBase tnt:typed −doc($path as xs:string, $type as xs:string +) Conclusion Substring before last occurrence of some string: tnt:substring −before−last($arg as xs:string?, $delim as xs:string ) Delete a parameter of the VDoc: tnt:delete −vd−param($path as xs:string, $name as xs:string) Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 34
- 35. XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Type System Basics Tricks Pitfalls Wrapping Up XQuery in TNTBase Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 35
- 36. Non-covered topics XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction Type casting in XQuery XQuery Type System Stronger typing using XML Schema Basics Node construction Tricks XQuery Update facility Pitfalls XQuery in EXQuery TNTBase What’s new in XQuery 1.1? Conclusion XQuery Scripting and side-effects Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 36
- 37. Advantages of XQuery XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction In context of XML DBs when benefiting from indexes XQuery Type System Processing big documents that do not fit into memory Basics (XSLT streaming doesn’t count here) Tricks Querying is better, then XSLT for formatting and Pitfalls presentation XQuery in TNTBase XQuery is easier to explain Conclusion Less verbose Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 37
- 38. Advantages of XSLT XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction Recurring over trees is much easier XQuery Type System Better in formatting numbers Basics More mature technology Tricks Well-standardized library of extensions (EXSLT) Pitfalls XQuery in XML-language TNTBase XQuery is a subset of XSLT in terms of functionality Conclusion Has a form of polymorphism to overwrite templates Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 38
- 39. Conclusion XQuery Tutorial Vyacheslav Zholudev Introduction XQuery Type System Basics You should pick out the tool Tricks Pitfalls that suits your task best! XQuery in TNTBase Conclusion Vyacheslav Zholudev XQuery Tutorial September 17, 2010 39